The acquisition of the home of George Washington by the Mount Vernon Ladies Association in 1858 was probably the first preservation project led by women in the United States. During the following decades, elite Philadelphia and Montgomery County women continued the construction of historical memory through the organization and popularization of exhibitions, fundraising galas, preservation of historical sites, publication of historical writings, and the erection of patriotic monuments. Drawing from a wide variety of sources, including annual organizations' reports, minutes of committees and of a DAR chapter, correspondence, reminiscences, newspapers, circulars, and ephemera, the dissertation argues that privileged women constructed a classed and gendered historical memory, which aimed to write women into the national historical narrative and present themselves as custodians of history. They constructed a subversive historical account that placed women on equal footing with male historical figures and argued that women played a significant role in shaping the nation's history. During the first three decades, privileged women advanced an idealized memory of Martha and George Washington with an intention to reconcile the sectional rift caused by the Civil War. From the early 1890s, with the formation of the Daughters of the American Revolution, elite women of colonial and revolutionary war ancestry constructed a more inclusive memory of revolutionary soldiers that aimed to inculcate the public, particularly recent immigrants, in patriotic and civic values. An introductory chapter demonstrates the social, political, and economic vulnerability of the elites and the institutions and historical memory they forged to shore up their privileged status from the colonial period to the Civil War. Through the organization of the Great Central Fair held in Philadelphia in 1864, the fundraising campaign on behalf of the Centennial Exposition, the preservation of George Washington's Headquarters at Valley Forge, the formation of the Historical Society of Montgomery County, and the activities of the Valley Forge Chapter DAR the dissertation demonstrates that women employed their experience to expand their activities beyond regional boundaries while also tending to local history. The dissertation contributes to the discussion regarding the construction of memory by adding gender and class as categories of analysis. It also adds to the historical debate regarding the professionalization of history by exploring women's historical writings during the period of institutionalization of history. / History

La presente investigación tiene por finalidad determinar el nivel de engagement de los centennials económicamente activos del Perú en el 2020 y su correlación con los factores sociodemográficos y laborales. Este estudio evalúa el engagement a través del instrumento Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) considerando las dimensiones: vigor, dedicación y absorción. Se trata de un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, no experimental de alcance correlacional, que se aplicó a una muestra de 303 personas con edades entre 18 y 24 años en el Perú. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de engagement en los centennials económicamente activos del Perú en el 2020 es alto (algunas veces por semana) en todas sus dimensiones, es decir, experimentan mayor esfuerzo en su trabajo (vigor), orgullo en lo que hacen (dedicación) y están inmersos en sus actividades laborales (absorción). Mediante el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple se determinó los siguientes factores predictores: (a) Macro Región (Selva, Centro y Sur) en las tres dimensiones, (b) Edad (22 y 24 años) como predictor relacionado en la dimensión vigor y absorción, (b) Tipo de Trabajo (en entidades públicas) en la dimensión vigor y dedicación; y (c) Antigüedad Laboral (mayor a un año) en la dimensión dedicación. / The purpose of this research is to identify the level of engagement in the economically active population of Peruvian centennials during 2020 and the relationship between sociodemographic and job factors. The scope of this study covers the evaluation of engagement in its three dimensions: vigor, dedication and absorption using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) and a 7-point Likert psychometric scale. This study has a quantitative, cross sectional, non-experimental approach with a correlational scope which was applied in a sample of 303 people aged between 18-24 years. The results showed that the economically active population of Peruvian centennials has a high level of engagement in all dimensions with the frequency of “a few times a week”, that means, they are focused in their effort at work (vigor), are proud of the activities they do (dedication) and are totally involved in their functions (absorption). The following predictors were identified using the multiple regression analysis: (Amazon lowlands, Central Region, Southern Region) in the three dimensions: (a) age (22-24 years) as predictor of vigor and absorption, (b) work type (public institutions) as predictor of vigor and dedication and (c) company time (more than 1 year) as predictor for vigor dimension.

In analyzing the 1989 bicentennial in Paris, my point of departure has been that the French government, faced with the cool reception to the memory of the Revolution of 1789, was trying to make revolutionary heritage relevant to contemporary concerns, by using allegorical techniques of spatializing and visualizing history while consequently (yet paradoxically, since it ran against their intentions) effecting a smooth passage for this heritage into the world of commodity and spectacle. To analyze this dilemma, I investigated the mechanisms of representation and the tension between spectacle and politically engaged imagery. Drawing from the work of Water Benjamin, the thesis proposed to use allegory as a mode of political criticism and redemptive interpretation. The analysis of the programming of events, for example, revealed that it contained a moral tale of sacrifice, and praised the power of the memory of the Revolution to form a community, not based on ethnicity or shared history but on shared ideals. The analysis of the use of collage in the Bastille Day Parade revealed that it reworked Republican notions of ‘fraternity in a post-colonial era to reflect contemporary discussions of métissage and take a position on its relationship to democracy. By looking at this commemoration allegorically, the double meanings inscribed in the bicentennial program, exhibits, monuments and parade can be unpacked. But the allegorical critique is violent, it does not carefully excavate layers of meaning through a gentle and constructive hermeneutic circle, it requires that the objects that are being contemplated be in fragments. As the allegorist reassembles the fragments into new meaningful constellations, the constructions remain open, driven by the impossibility of recovering what has been lost, always pointing to the instability of meaning. The analysis of the commemoration recognized that commodification and spectacularisation happen, but through reversal it also showed that the 1989 bicentennial draws from a constantly evolving relationship to memory which allows for investment on the part of the public. Because the commemoration is a powerful form of visualizing and spatializing history that occurs in public spaces, many provocative images were taken up by the press and written about, which ultimately reconfigured present-day discussions about democracy and citizenship.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: Ricardo Navarro, Florida State University, College of Visual Arts, Theatre and Dance, Dept. of Interior Design. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 20, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 96 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:06:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCIA BENETTI.pdf: 1147911 bytes, checksum: 7a2191bfb5ac91fdebb8151b1331d404 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study is to analyze the lifestyle of elderly centenarians. The research is correlational type described quantitative. Thirty centenarians (100 years or more) have participated the average ages of 102 ± 2.54 years old, living in Florianópolis, Brazil. The instruments used were: multidimensional assessment Protocol for the elderly centenary, Minimental, Katz Scale, Field diary and Pedometer. The data were collected in three stages and treated through descriptive statistics (frequency) and inferential (Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis) and the level of significance was 5%. The results for characteristics of the style of life are predominantly women, widows, with less than 7 years schooling, Catholic, living in houses (own and family), when institutionalized, they were motivated by consequences of falls, are a source of income but it was not possible to identify the socioeconomic conditions, have passive leisure habits, even while away from home, walking is the most practiced physical activity, and the main barrier for the not adopting, are the conditions of health, the elderly do not have dietary restrictions and have low water drinking, almost all elderly people rely on the presence of caregivers; they demonstrate satisfaction with life, positive perception of health, have low median comorbidity and drug use, however, high levels of fragility, most of them have preserved cognitive status. Regarding to the level of physical activity, they are somewhat physically active compared to younger adults. The average steps per day the sample was 527.97 ± 628.54. Only significantly associated with levels of physical activity, gender, fragility and cognitive status. From the given results, it is noted that the found average age (102 years) has been demonstrated as an important indicator for a healthy life expectancy and that the centenarians have a positive attitude towards life, and this is largely due more the characteristics of the lifestyle and personality traits. / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o estilo de vida de idosos centenários. A pesquisa é do tipo descritiva correlacional quantitativa. Participaram 30 centenários (100 anos ou mais), com média de idade de 102 ± 2,54 anos, residentes em Florianópolis, SC, Brasil. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Protocolo de avaliação multidimensional do idoso centenário, Minimental, Escala de Katz, pedômetro e diário de campo. Os dados foram coletados em 3 etapas e tratados através de estatística descritiva (frequência) e inferencial (Qui-Quadrado e Kruskal-Wallis) e o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Os resultados referentes a características do estilo de vida são: predominância de mulheres; viúvas; com escolaridade inferior a 7 anos; católicas; residentes em casas (própria e de familiares); quando institucionalizadas, foram motivadas por sequelas de quedas; possuem fonte de renda; possuem hábitos de lazer passivos, mesmo quando saem de casa; a caminhada é a atividade física mais praticada e, a principal barreira para pratica de atividade física, são as condições de saúde; os idosos não fazem restrições alimentares e apresentaram baixo consumo de água; quase todos os idosos contam com a presença de cuidadores; demonstra satisfação pela vida, percepção positiva de saúde; apresentam baixa mediana de comorbidades e consumo de medicamentos, entretanto, níveis altos de fragilidade; a maioria apresentou estado cognitivo preservada. Quanto ao nível de atividade física, são pouco ativos fisicamente. A média de passos por dia da amostra foi 527,97 ± 628,54. Apenas apresentaram associação significativa com os níveis de atividade física, as variáveis: sexo, fragilidade e estado cognitivo. Diante dos resultados encontrados, nota-se que média de idade encontrada (102 anos) demonstrou-se como um importante indicativo para uma expectativa de vida saudável e que os centenários, possuem uma postura positiva em relação à vida, e isso, se deve muito mais as características do estilo de vida e traços de personalidade.

In analyzing the 1989 bicentennial in Paris, my point of departure has been that the French government, faced with the cool reception to the memory of the Revolution of 1789, was trying to make revolutionary heritage relevant to contemporary concerns, by using allegorical techniques of spatializing and visualizing history while consequently (yet paradoxically, since it ran against their intentions) effecting a smooth passage for this heritage into the world of commodity and spectacle. To analyze this dilemma, I investigated the mechanisms of representation and the tension between spectacle and politically engaged imagery. Drawing from the work of Water Benjamin, the thesis proposed to use allegory as a mode of political criticism and redemptive interpretation. The analysis of the programming of events, for example, revealed that it contained a moral tale of sacrifice, and praised the power of the memory of the Revolution to form a community, not based on ethnicity or shared history but on shared ideals. The analysis of the use of collage in the Bastille Day Parade revealed that it reworked Republican notions of ‘fraternity in a post-colonial era to reflect contemporary discussions of métissage and take a position on its relationship to democracy. By looking at this commemoration allegorically, the double meanings inscribed in the bicentennial program, exhibits, monuments and parade can be unpacked. But the allegorical critique is violent, it does not carefully excavate layers of meaning through a gentle and constructive hermeneutic circle, it requires that the objects that are being contemplated be in fragments. As the allegorist reassembles the fragments into new meaningful constellations, the constructions remain open, driven by the impossibility of recovering what has been lost, always pointing to the instability of meaning. The analysis of the commemoration recognized that commodification and spectacularisation happen, but through reversal it also showed that the 1989 bicentennial draws from a constantly evolving relationship to memory which allows for investment on the part of the public. Because the commemoration is a powerful form of visualizing and spatializing history that occurs in public spaces, many provocative images were taken up by the press and written about, which ultimately reconfigured present-day discussions about democracy and citizenship. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

Since the 1980s, hemlock-dominated forests (Tsuga canadensis) of central New England have been increasingly infested by the invasive pest hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae), predominantly resulting in its replacement by black birch-dominated forests (Betula lenta). To date there has been no long-term empirical analysis of HWA effects on forest carbon (C) cycling due to forest transition from hemlock to black birch. To address this question, I measured the C pools in five stand types at varying ages and stages of HWA infestation in Massachusetts and Connecticut. I also measured C fluxes in aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and soil respiration, and studied the drivers of these fluxes viz. litter production, rates of foliar decomposition, soil exoenzyme activity, temperature sensitivity of soil respiration and nitrogen (N) cycling. The mass of C stored in recovering forests was resilient to HWA infestation but the location of these stocks varied among stand types. There was a transition of C from live biomass in healthy, unaffected secondary hemlock forests to coarse woody debris (CWD) in recently girdled forests intended to simulate the effect of HWA on hemlock loss. Twenty years post-HWA infestation, however, ANPP was very high and there was a large increase in biomass-C pools in aggrading black stand types. C pools in mature, secondary black birch stand types ~135 years since pastureland abandonment were as large as those in primary hemlock stand types ~235 years of age, suggesting recovery of C storage within one century of HWA infestation. Soil respiration rates were positively correlated with inputs of hardwood leaf litter, fine root biomass and exoenzyme activity. Stand-type variations in ANPP were positively correlated with annual N requirements and N uptake from the soil. Nitrogen-use efficiency was highest in the girdled and post-HWA infestation stand types where ANPP was dominated by wood production which has a wide C:N ratio. Similar trends were found in soil respiration, but not to the same degree as that of ANPP. Collectively, my results indicate that southern New England forests C storage is highly resilient to the HWA-induced losses of hemlock, suggesting that these ecosystems will continue to be sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Essa pesquisa elege a pintura \"Fundação de São Vicente\", de Benedito Calixto, como objeto de estudo. Incorporada ao acervo do Museu Paulista após ser inaugurada nas comemorações do IV Centenário do Descobrimento do Brasil em São Vicente, a obra representa o encontro entre portugueses e indígenas para a fundação da capitania de São Vicente, em 1532. Elaborada em grande formato, essa pintura histórica musealizada se alinha ao processo de construção imaginária no início do regime republicano e estimula uma visão tributária de projetos intelectuais que, por sua vez, disputam simbolicamente a memória sobre o passado colonial. Tendo em perspectiva a centralidade dos museus de História e da pintura histórica nas representações coletivas, essa dissertação se dedica a reconstituir seu circuito social a partir da análise de suas condições de encomenda, de elaboração, musealização, exposição e apropriação entre 1900, quando foi inaugurada, a 1932, quando se comemorou o quadricentenário da fundação de São Vicente. / This research elects \"Fundação de São Vicente\", concluded by Benedito Calixto, as its study goal. The painting was add into the Museu Paulista\"s collection after being inaugurated at the commemorations of the fourth centennial of the discovery of Brazil, representing the contact between portugueses and indigenous aiming the foundation of São Vicente colonial settlement in 1532. Elaborated in large dimensions, this history painting is part of the republican political imagination construction policy and stimulates the vision over a specific intellectual project that disputes social memory on the colonial brazilian past. Observing the centrality of museums and history painting to the consolidation of collective representations, the research aims to reconstitutes its social circuit on analysing its ordering, composition, musealization, exhibition and appropriation conditions from its inauguration in 1900 to the commemoration of fourth centennial of the foundation of São Vicente in 1932.

This thesis investigates and analyzes certain significant aspects of the Centennial celebrations of 1967 as they took place in Toronto-area schools. By considering the Centennial activities involving art, travel, music and historical pageantry—those deemed most significant by educational planners—I propose to evaluate how students, and Canadians in general, were thinking and learning about Canada and its people at the time. Throughout this essay, I argue that the Centennial celebrations are crucial evidence of a developing shift in the way that Canadians conceived of national identities and a change in how students were educated about Canadian history. In particular, I will argue that the Centennial celebrations in Toronto-area schools often demonstrated the continued development of a post-imperial vision of Canada’s national character, and an approach to history education which moved beyond the traditional timeline-oriented and British nation-building narratives that dominated early-twentieth-century Canadian education.

This thesis investigates and analyzes certain significant aspects of the Centennial celebrations of 1967 as they took place in Toronto-area schools. By considering the Centennial activities involving art, travel, music and historical pageantry—those deemed most significant by educational planners—I propose to evaluate how students, and Canadians in general, were thinking and learning about Canada and its people at the time. Throughout this essay, I argue that the Centennial celebrations are crucial evidence of a developing shift in the way that Canadians conceived of national identities and a change in how students were educated about Canadian history. In particular, I will argue that the Centennial celebrations in Toronto-area schools often demonstrated the continued development of a post-imperial vision of Canada’s national character, and an approach to history education which moved beyond the traditional timeline-oriented and British nation-building narratives that dominated early-twentieth-century Canadian education.