Thesis (doctoral)--Universität München, 1974.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:41:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_acgs_dr_araca.pdf: 818860 bytes, checksum: fed618e75d0c3b4bd6428f6ccff663ee (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar comparativamente as alterações cefalométricas e tridimensionais das vias aéreas de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática de avanço maxilo-mandibular. Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados 20 pacientes com deformidade dento-facial de classe II, com deficiência maxilomandibular que foram submetidos à cirurgia de avanço maxilo-mandibular. Os pacientes tiveram um período pós-operatório de no mínimo 6 meses. Foram realizadas tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico nos períodos pré-operatório (T1), pósoperatório imediato, até quinze dias após a cirurgia (T2) e pós-operatório tardio, pelo menos 6 meses após a cirurgia (T3). Foi realizada a quantificação linear, de área e de volume das vias aéreas superiores posteriores, e comparado com o movimento real alcançado com a técnica cirúrgica dos dois tempos pós-operatórios. Resultados: Nos resultados, o movimento de avanço maxilo-mandibular proporcionou um ganho de vias aéreas em todas as análises, com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os períodos T2 e T1, e T3 e T1, com um valor de p<0,05. No entanto, ao comparar os períodos T2 e T3, houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa para as análises de área e de volume, comprovando uma recidiva parcial do ganho em via aérea alcançado em T2. Conclusões: Finalmente, podemos concluir que o avanço maxilo-mandibular é uma técnica cirúrgica que proporciona um ganho linear, de área e volume de vias aéreas superiores posteriores nos períodos pós-operatório imediato e após seis meses, no entanto, o ganho em vias aéreas apresenta uma recidiva parcial em períodos tardios. Também pudemos concluir que a avaliação de vias aéreas através de uma análise cefalométrica linear pode trazer resultados limitados quando comparados aos estudos de área e volume dessa região anatômica / Objective: The purpose of this study is to quantify cephalometric and tridimensional alterations of the posterior airway space of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery of maxillomandibular advancement. Material and Methods: 20 patients were standardized selected with dentofacial deformity of class II, with maxillomandibular deficiency, treated by maxillomandibular advancement. The minimal postoperative period was 6 months. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography were performed in 3 distinct periods of the treated patients, preoperative (T1), immediate postoperative period, until 15 days after surgery (T2), and late postoperative period, at least 6 months after surgery. The posterior airway space were quantified in each period of each patient, and the results were compared with the real movement achieved with the surgical technique employed. Results: In the results, the maxillomandibular advancement promoved an increase on posterior airway space of each patient, in all the analysis performed, with a significantly statistic difference between T2 and T1, and between T3 and T1, p<0,05. However, there was a statistic difference between T2 and T3 in the area and volume analysis, what means that the airway space comes narrow after 6 months when compared with the immediate postoperative period. Conclusions: Finally, the maxillomandibular advancement performed a great linear, area and volume increase in posterior airway space in immediate and late postoperative period, however, there is a partial loss of the increased space after 6 months. Also the linear analysis of airway spaces has limited results when compared with area and volume analysis

Orientador: Flavio Ricardo Manzi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T09:51:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CostaNeto_MarioLoureiroda_M.pdf: 700345 bytes, checksum: dfb1ff732ae92e8c062676ed1877997d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A radiografia cefalométrica lateral tem sido utilizada por grande parte dos profissionais da área odontológica e médica. Para a obtenção dessa radiografia, há a necessidade de orientação da cabeça do paciente, sendo o plano horizontal de Frankfurt (PHF) o mais utilizado pelos radiologistas. Dentre os fatores que levam os profissionais, especialmente os ortodontistas, a recusarem as radiografias cefalométricas é a orientação cefálica incorreta. As causas que levam a obtenção do posicionamento incorreto tem origens variadas, como a movimentação da cabeça do paciente e falhas por parte do operador. Sugeriuse que talvez o PHF ósseo não tem perfeita correspondência com o PHF cutâneo, proporcionando radiografias incorretas quanto ao posicionamento do paciente. Devido a esta hipótese, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre o PHF ósseo e o PHF cutâneo em diferentes raças e padrão facial. A amostra foi constituída de 27 indivíduos, os quais foram divididos em 3 grupos de acordo com a raça que pertenciam: 9 leucodermas, 9 melanodermas e 9 xantodermas. Em seguida, esta mesma amostra foi dividida de acordo com o grupo facial: 14 braquifaciais e 13 dolicofaciais. O método radiográfico foi o cefalométrico lateral, de acordo com a técnica preconizada por Broadbent em 1931 e foram obtidas fotografias de perfil, tendo como base à relação do PHF cutâneo com o plano horizontal. ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Lateral cephalometric radiographies have been commonly used by health professionals. To obtain them, the patient's head should be adequately positioned, being the Frankfort horizontal plane (FHP) the most recommended and used by the Radiologists. Incorrect cephalic positioning is one of the factors that lead professionals, especially orthodontists, to reject such radiographies. This incorrect positioning might be related to the patient's head movement and/or errors made by the operator. Osseous FHP might not have a perfect correspondence with cutaneous FHP, leading professionals to judge the xray as unsatisfactory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between osseous FHP and cutaneous FHP (a line linking the superioredge of tragus to the inferioredge of eyeorbit), considering the cephalic variation among the different races, using the lateral cephalometric approach. The sample consisted of 27 individuals: 9 negroids, 9 caucasians, and 9 asians, being also assigned to two groups according to their facial pattern: 14 brachyfacial and 13 dolichofacial. Photographs were used to obtain cutaneous PHF. The lateralcephalometric Broadbent (1931) radiographic method was used in order to obtain the lateral photographs, using the relation of the cutaneous FHP and the horizontal plane. ... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations / Mestrado / Radiologia Odontologica / Mestre em Radiologia Odontológica

Orientador: Marcelo Marotta Araújo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T02:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_GabrielaMayrink_D.pdf: 1020337 bytes, checksum: e64ba5c1f5cc4b3d4faa53cca8170c92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Análises cefalométricas constituem um importante passo no planejamento pré-operatório de cirurgias ortognáticas. A partir da década de 80, traçados cefalométricos digitais foram incorporados e tornaram-se populares entre ortodontistas e cirurgiões. O Dolphin Imaging Software® (Chatsworth, California) é um dos programas computacionais mais comumente utilizados em todo o mundo para fins de planejamento e previsão do resultado pós-operatório. Para a análise cefalométrica, é necessária a digitalização de teleradiografias de perfil. Este trabalho, dividido em três capítulos, analisou no Dolphin Imaging Software: 1) se há diferença nas imagens digitalizadas por câmeras digitais ou scanners para uso neste programa 2) a inclinação ântero-posterior de incisivos centrais superiores e inferiores no pré-operatório imediato de pacientes Classe II de Angle submetidos à cirurgia de avanço mandibular e; 3) a recidiva de cirurgias de avanço maxilar em pacientes Classe III de Angle nos quais um cimento de fosfato de cálcio foi utilizado como material de enxertia. Para a realização do primeiro estudo foram utilizadas 10 teleradiografias de perfil escaneadas e fotografadas. Traçados cefalométricos foram realizados e medidas lineares e angulares foram analisadas. Os testes t-Student e Wilcoxon foram aplicados e concluiu-se que ambos os métodos podem ser utilizados para a digitalização das imagens, sem diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os mesmos. O segundo estudo utilizou 30 teleradiografias de perfil de pacientes Classe II no pré-operatório imediato de cirurgias de avanço mandibular. Foram realizados os traçados digitais e a inclinação dos incisivos superiores e inferiores foi analisada por meio de medidas angulares e lineares. Após aplicados os testes estatísticos (t Student), concluiu-se que os incisivos inferiores, em sua maioria, estavam compensados, ou seja, demonstravam uma inclinação mais vestibular, enquanto que os incisivos superiores estavam dentro das medidas consideradas ideais, tratando-se de descompensação dentária. Por fim, o último estudo avaliou a recidiva do movimento de avanço de maxila em 8 pacientes Classe III em que um cimento de fosfato de cálcio foi utilizado como material de enxertia. Foram realizados os traçados cefalométricos das radiografias pré-operatórias e pós-operatórias imediatas e tardias e medidas lineares e angulares que ditam o posicionamento maxilar foram avaliadas. Após realizado o teste estatístico de Tukey (ANOVA), pode-se concluir que apenas em 1 medida foi observada recidiva do movimento, podendo esta técnica ser considerada estável / Abstract: Cephalometric analyzes are an important step in preoperative planning of orthognathic surgery. From the 80's, digital cephalometric tracings were incorporated and became popular among orthodontists and surgeons. Dolphin Imaging Software (Chatsworth, California) is one of the computer programs most commonly used worldwide for planning purposes and forecasting the postoperative result. For cephalometric analysis is needed to digitize cephalometrics radiographs. This study was divided in three chapters, analyzed at Dolphin Imaging Software: 1) whether there are differences in the scanned images by digital cameras or scanners for use in this program, 2) the anteroposterior inclination of the upper and lower central incisors in the immediate preoperative patients with Angle Class II underwent mandibular advancement surgery and 3) relapse of maxillary advancement surgery in patients with Class III malocclusion in which a calcium phosphate cement was used as grafting material. For the first study were used 10 cephalometric radiographs scanned and photographed. Cephalometric tracings were performed, and linear and angular measurements were analyzed. The Student t test and Wilcoxon was applied and was concluded that both methods can be used for the digitization of images without statistically significant differences between them. The second study used 30 immediate preoperative cephalometric radiographs of Class II patients that were submitted to mandibular advancement surgery. Digital tracings were made and the inclination of the upper and lower incisors was analyzed by means of angular and linear measurements. After applied the statistical tests (Student t test), it was concluded that the lower incisors were mostly compensated, showing a labially inclination while the upper incisors were at the "ideal" position. Finally, the last study examined the relapse of maxillary advancement surgery of 8 Class III patients where calcium phosphate cement was used as a grafting material. We carried out the cephalometric analysis of radiographs of preoperative and postoperative early and late, and linear and angular measurements that dictate the maxillary positioning were evaluated. After performing the Tukey statistical test (ANOVA), it was concluded that although in one measure relapse were observed this is an effective method to decrease relapse in maxillary orthognathic surgery / Doutorado / Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais / Doutora em Clínica Odontológica

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The mongoloid face and craniofacial skeleton has been characterized by many investigators using clinical impressions and soft tissue measurements on living and autopsy material. Few studies have included data derived from cephalometric radiographs. The present study was designed to describe the mongoloid face and cranial base and to analyze the data. Twenty mongoloid children ranging in age from three years to 12 years, and their siblings were selected for study. A control group of children were selected on the basis of their essentially normal occlusion and facial skeleton. The data obtained from the cephalometric radiographs were analyzed in three ways. Each of the three groups of children, normal, mongoloid and their siblings were divided into four age groups, approximately three, five, seven and 11 years of age and means for the individual measurements were calculated. The sibling measurements were "corrected” to the age of the mongoloid child using the growth progression data from the normal children. The mean measurements of the “corrected” siblings and mongoloids were then compared using “t” tests for statistical significance. All children were then divided into three comparison pairs, normal-sibling, normal-mongoloid, and mongoloid-sibling, and the cephalometric measurements subjected to a multivariate, step-wise regression analysis. The growth of the maxillae and mandible were retarded in the Mongoloid children. The maxilla and mandible were positioned anteriorly under the cranial base.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The purpose of this study was to determine whether angular and linear measurements from tracings of a Panorex radiograph provide a valid comparison to bony relationships identified on the lateral cephalometric headplate of the same individual. A pilot study was performed on a dried skull to identify selected skeletal landmarks on Panorex radiographs. Using these landmarks, fifteen measurements of bony relationships of the head were completed on each radiograph. Values obtained on a lateral headplate were compared with measurements on the same patient's Panorex radiograph for a group of forty-eight children. The data were recorded on standard IBM punch cards and submitted for statistical analysis to the Research Computation Center of Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis. The data support the conclusion that angular and linear measurements from a tracing of a Panorex radiograph cannot be compared directly or in a proportional manner to similar measurements from a tracing of a lateral headplate of the same individual. Although there was significant correlation of comparative measurements for the sample group as a whole, there was wide variation from individual to individual.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study sought to determine if the dental and oro-facial complex of cerebral palsied patients is different from that of the non-cerebral palsied. Twenty-six cerebral palsied patients between the ages of seven and 18 were examined. A history was taken and a data sheet was completed to record molar and cuspid relationships. The function of. the tongue and lips during swallow was also recorded. Cephalometric and hand and wrist radiographs were taken of each patient. The cephalometric measurements were statistically compared with the normative data of a non-cerebral palsied group. This analysis revealed the cranial flexure angle to be more acute and the gonial angle to be more obtuse. Comparison of the hand and wrist plates with normal standards did not show wide enough differences to conclude that cerebral palsied patients' skeletal age deviates from the chronological age. Although there was a difference in some cephalometric measurements, there is no evidence in this study to show that the incidence of malocclusion and the incidence of factors that contribute to malocclusion are found with greater frequency among cerebral palsied patients.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study was initiated in order to obtain quantitative information on the possible correlations of incisive biting strength and representative cephalometric measurements as taken from the lateral cephalometric headfilm. It consisted of an examination of 150 subjects and a determination of their incisive biting strength. The results of the study indicate that the five cephalometric measurements chosen were of little predictive value in determining incisal biting force.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The characteristics of cleidocranial dysplasia were first reported in 1897 by Pierre Marie and Paul Sainton. Since this first classification of the disease, many radiographic and clinical signs have been associated with this entity. Individuals with this disease have been repeatedly described as having a relative prognathism of the mandible due to a small, retropositioned maxilla and an enlarged cranial base. The present study was designed to determine, through the use of cephalometric measurements, if there is truly a difference in the size and position of the maxilla and an enlargement of the cranial base in these affected individuals. Ten cleidocranial dysplasia patients ranging in age from three years to 53 years, and their immediate families were studied. Non-affected members were studied to provide an intrafamilial comparison of skeletal development. The data obtained from the cephalometric measurements showed that the cranial bases for this group were within normal limits, or tending towards the small size. The maxilla was of normal size and the position was normal or anteriorly positioned in all cases. The mandible was considerably larger in 70% of the affecteds studied. Radiographic investigation showed this group to have delayed ossification of cranial sutures and mandibular symphysis. Absent frontal and mastoid sinuses, orbital hypertelorism, osteopetrotic appearance of the cranium, and absent or hypoplastic nasal bones were also observed.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Sixteen adult human skulls with "normal occlusion" were examined with the Panorex to determine its ability to record the mesio-distal axial inclinations and the mesio-distal diameters of the posterior teeth. This study indicates that the Panorex can be used as a qualitative and quantitative instrument in the study of the mesio-distal axial inclinations of the posterior teeth. A series of means and standard deviations for each posterior tooth as interpreted by the Panorex was developed. Individual measurements of posterior teeth as seen on the Panorex can now be related and compared to these standards so that they are valuable in the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of orthodontic cases. Further research is necessary, however, to accurately interpret the mesio-distal diameters of the posterior teeth as seen on the Panorex if these measurements are to be used for arch length analysis.