Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-25T21:56:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MIRELE COSTA DA SILVA – TESE (UAEMa) 2015.pdf: 9764394 bytes, checksum: a51abce77e60acf4e1faa93511e08be8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T21:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MIRELE COSTA DA SILVA – TESE (UAEMa) 2015.pdf: 9764394 bytes, checksum: a51abce77e60acf4e1faa93511e08be8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Capes / As membranas cerâmicas anisotrópicas obtidas a partir de pós sintéticos estão ampliando suas aplicações industriais, devido principalmente as vantagens que apresentam em termos de permeabilidade e resistência (química, térmica e mecânica). Este trabalho tem como objetivo obter membranas anisotrópicas com a camada filtrante de alumina sintetizada pelo método Pechini para aplicações em processos de separação. Foram preparadas membranas com geometria na forma de discos e posteriormente membranas tubulares com os melhores parâmetros avaliados na geometria de discos. O suporte foi preparado com uma massa composta por alumina comercial e bentonita, a camada intermediária foi obtida com uma argila caulinítica e a camada filtrante com a alumina sintetizada. As massas utilizadas para obtenção das membranas foram caracterizadas por análise química e térmica, difração de raios X (DRX), distribuição granulométrica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A alumina foi sintetizada pelo método Pechini nas relações 2:1, 3:1 e 4:1 de ácido cítrico:cátion metálico, calcinadas em diferentes temperaturas e caracterizadas por análise térmica, DRX, distribuição granulométrica, MEV e análise textural por BET. Cada camada que compôs a membrana foi caracterizada por MEV, microscopia ótica, porosimetria por intrusão ao mercúrio e análises de fluxo com água dessalinizada. A camada intermediária e a filtrante foram obtidas através da deposição de dispersões por dip-coating. Os resultados apresentaram membranas confeccionadas com sucesso, atingindo permeabilidade de 317,53 L/h.m2 Bar. As membranas foram eficientes para aplicação no tratamento de água oleosa, reduzindo a concentração de 70 mg/L de óleo em água em 100%; para aplicação na separação de índigo blue a membrana atingiu 100% de rejeição das partículas sólidas de uma solução com concentração de 0,25 g/L de índigo blue em água; no tratamento de águas utilizando o efluente bruto de um rio a membrana reduziu entre outros a cor, turbidez, íons, amônia, sílica e ferro e para aplicação na separação da proteína caseína atingiu 97,4% de rejeição em uma solução com concentração de 3,08 mg/L da caseína em água. / The anisotropic ceramic membranes obtained from synthetic powders are expanding their industrial applications, mainly because the advantages that present in terms of permeability and resistance (chemical, thermal and mechanical). The aim of this work is to obtain anisotropic membranes with the filtering layer of alumina synthesized by Pechini method for applications in separation processes. Membranes were prepared in the form of discs and later with tubular geometry with the best parameters evaluated on disk geometry. The support has been prepared with a ceramic mass consisted by a commercial alumina and bentonite. The intermediate layer was obtained with kaolinite clay and the filtering layer with synthesized alumina. The ceramic masses used for obtaining the membranes were characterized by chemical and thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alumina was synthesized by Pechini method in ratios of 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 of citric acid:metallic cation. It were calcined at different temperatures and characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, and textural analysis by BET. Each layer that composed the membrane was characterized by SEM and optical microscopy, by intrusion mercury porosimetry and flow analysis with desalinated water. The intermediate and filter layer were obtained through the deposition of dispersions by dip -coating. The results showed membranes made with success, free from defects, with permeability of 317.53 L/h m 2 Bar. The membranes were efficient for the application in the treatment of oily water, reducing the concentration of 70 mg/L of oil in water at 100%; for application in separation of indigo blue the membrane reached 100% of rejectio n of solid particles of a solution with concentration of 0.25 g/L of indigo blue; water treatment using the raw sewage of a river the membrane reduced color, turbidity, ions present, ammonia, silica and iron and for application in separation of casein has been reached 97.4% of rejection in a solution with concentration 3.08 mg/mL.

A non-reactive model system comprising a highly concentrated and unstable oil-in-water emulsion was used to investigate the retention of oil by the membrane in producing biodiesel with a membrane reactor. Critical flux was identified using the relationship between the permeate flux and transmembrane pressure along with the separation efficiency of the membrane. It was shown that separation efficiencies above 99.5% could be obtained at all operating conditions up to the critical flux. It was observed that the concentration of oil in all collected permeate samples using the oil-water system was below 0.2 wt% when operating at a flux below the critical flux. Studies to date have been limited to the characterization of low concentrated emulsions below 15 vol.%. The average oil droplet size in highly concentrated emulsions was measured as 3200 nm employing direct light scattering (DLS) measurement methods. It was observed that the estimated cake layer thickness of 20 to 80 mm was larger than external diameter of the membrane tube i.e. 6 mm based on a large particle size. Settling of the concentrated emulsion permitted the detection of a smaller particle size distribution (30-100 nm) within the larger particles averaging 3200 nm. It was identified that DLS methods could not efficiently give the droplet size distribution of the oil in the emulsion since large particles interfered with the detection of smaller particles. The content of the smaller particles represented 1% of the total weight of oil at 30°C and 5% at 70°C. This was too low to be detected using DLS measurements but was sufficient to affect ultrafiltration. In order to study the critical flux in the presence of transesterification reaction and the effect of cross flow velocity on separation, various oils were transesterified in another membrane reactor providing higher cross flow velocity. higher cross flow velocity provides better separation by reducing materials deposition on the surface of the membrane due to higher shearing. The oils tested were canola, corn, sunflower and unrefined soy oils (Free Fatty Acids (FFA< 1%)), and waste cooking oil (FFA= 9%). The quality of all biodiesel samples was studied in terms of glycerine, mono-glyceride, di-glyceride and tri-glyceride concentrations. The composition of all biodiesel samples were in the range required by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. A critical flux based on operating pressure in the reactor was reached for waste cooking and pre-treated corn oils. It was identified that the reaction residence time in the reactor was an extremely important design parameter affecting the operating pressure in the reactor. / Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

A non-reactive model system comprising a highly concentrated and unstable oil-in-water emulsion was used to investigate the retention of oil by the membrane in producing biodiesel with a membrane reactor. Critical flux was identified using the relationship between the permeate flux and transmembrane pressure along with the separation efficiency of the membrane. It was shown that separation efficiencies above 99.5% could be obtained at all operating conditions up to the critical flux. It was observed that the concentration of oil in all collected permeate samples using the oil-water system was below 0.2 wt% when operating at a flux below the critical flux. Studies to date have been limited to the characterization of low concentrated emulsions below 15 vol.%. The average oil droplet size in highly concentrated emulsions was measured as 3200 nm employing direct light scattering (DLS) measurement methods. It was observed that the estimated cake layer thickness of 20 to 80 mm was larger than external diameter of the membrane tube i.e. 6 mm based on a large particle size. Settling of the concentrated emulsion permitted the detection of a smaller particle size distribution (30-100 nm) within the larger particles averaging 3200 nm. It was identified that DLS methods could not efficiently give the droplet size distribution of the oil in the emulsion since large particles interfered with the detection of smaller particles. The content of the smaller particles represented 1% of the total weight of oil at 30°C and 5% at 70°C. This was too low to be detected using DLS measurements but was sufficient to affect ultrafiltration. In order to study the critical flux in the presence of transesterification reaction and the effect of cross flow velocity on separation, various oils were transesterified in another membrane reactor providing higher cross flow velocity. higher cross flow velocity provides better separation by reducing materials deposition on the surface of the membrane due to higher shearing. The oils tested were canola, corn, sunflower and unrefined soy oils (Free Fatty Acids (FFA< 1%)), and waste cooking oil (FFA= 9%). The quality of all biodiesel samples was studied in terms of glycerine, mono-glyceride, di-glyceride and tri-glyceride concentrations. The composition of all biodiesel samples were in the range required by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. A critical flux based on operating pressure in the reactor was reached for waste cooking and pre-treated corn oils. It was identified that the reaction residence time in the reactor was an extremely important design parameter affecting the operating pressure in the reactor. / Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

A non-reactive model system comprising a highly concentrated and unstable oil-in-water emulsion was used to investigate the retention of oil by the membrane in producing biodiesel with a membrane reactor. Critical flux was identified using the relationship between the permeate flux and transmembrane pressure along with the separation efficiency of the membrane. It was shown that separation efficiencies above 99.5% could be obtained at all operating conditions up to the critical flux. It was observed that the concentration of oil in all collected permeate samples using the oil-water system was below 0.2 wt% when operating at a flux below the critical flux. Studies to date have been limited to the characterization of low concentrated emulsions below 15 vol.%. The average oil droplet size in highly concentrated emulsions was measured as 3200 nm employing direct light scattering (DLS) measurement methods. It was observed that the estimated cake layer thickness of 20 to 80 mm was larger than external diameter of the membrane tube i.e. 6 mm based on a large particle size. Settling of the concentrated emulsion permitted the detection of a smaller particle size distribution (30-100 nm) within the larger particles averaging 3200 nm. It was identified that DLS methods could not efficiently give the droplet size distribution of the oil in the emulsion since large particles interfered with the detection of smaller particles. The content of the smaller particles represented 1% of the total weight of oil at 30°C and 5% at 70°C. This was too low to be detected using DLS measurements but was sufficient to affect ultrafiltration. In order to study the critical flux in the presence of transesterification reaction and the effect of cross flow velocity on separation, various oils were transesterified in another membrane reactor providing higher cross flow velocity. higher cross flow velocity provides better separation by reducing materials deposition on the surface of the membrane due to higher shearing. The oils tested were canola, corn, sunflower and unrefined soy oils (Free Fatty Acids (FFA< 1%)), and waste cooking oil (FFA= 9%). The quality of all biodiesel samples was studied in terms of glycerine, mono-glyceride, di-glyceride and tri-glyceride concentrations. The composition of all biodiesel samples were in the range required by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. A critical flux based on operating pressure in the reactor was reached for waste cooking and pre-treated corn oils. It was identified that the reaction residence time in the reactor was an extremely important design parameter affecting the operating pressure in the reactor. / Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

A non-reactive model system comprising a highly concentrated and unstable oil-in-water emulsion was used to investigate the retention of oil by the membrane in producing biodiesel with a membrane reactor. Critical flux was identified using the relationship between the permeate flux and transmembrane pressure along with the separation efficiency of the membrane. It was shown that separation efficiencies above 99.5% could be obtained at all operating conditions up to the critical flux. It was observed that the concentration of oil in all collected permeate samples using the oil-water system was below 0.2 wt% when operating at a flux below the critical flux. Studies to date have been limited to the characterization of low concentrated emulsions below 15 vol.%. The average oil droplet size in highly concentrated emulsions was measured as 3200 nm employing direct light scattering (DLS) measurement methods. It was observed that the estimated cake layer thickness of 20 to 80 mm was larger than external diameter of the membrane tube i.e. 6 mm based on a large particle size. Settling of the concentrated emulsion permitted the detection of a smaller particle size distribution (30-100 nm) within the larger particles averaging 3200 nm. It was identified that DLS methods could not efficiently give the droplet size distribution of the oil in the emulsion since large particles interfered with the detection of smaller particles. The content of the smaller particles represented 1% of the total weight of oil at 30°C and 5% at 70°C. This was too low to be detected using DLS measurements but was sufficient to affect ultrafiltration. In order to study the critical flux in the presence of transesterification reaction and the effect of cross flow velocity on separation, various oils were transesterified in another membrane reactor providing higher cross flow velocity. higher cross flow velocity provides better separation by reducing materials deposition on the surface of the membrane due to higher shearing. The oils tested were canola, corn, sunflower and unrefined soy oils (Free Fatty Acids (FFA< 1%)), and waste cooking oil (FFA= 9%). The quality of all biodiesel samples was studied in terms of glycerine, mono-glyceride, di-glyceride and tri-glyceride concentrations. The composition of all biodiesel samples were in the range required by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. A critical flux based on operating pressure in the reactor was reached for waste cooking and pre-treated corn oils. It was identified that the reaction residence time in the reactor was an extremely important design parameter affecting the operating pressure in the reactor. / Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)