文灼非. / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1999. / 參考文獻 (leaves 158-175) / 附中英文摘要. / Wen Zhuofei. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)-- Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1999. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 158-175) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 -26 / Chapter 第二章 --- 中共對香港「飛地」的政策 --- p.27-54 / Chapter 第三章 --- 「飛地」黨派報紙的政治定位與分工 --- p.55 -79 / Chapter 第四章 --- 中共對左派報紙組織與營運的控制 --- p.80-102 / Chapter 第五章 --- 中共與港英在「飛地」的政治衝突 ´ؤ´ؤ「三一事件」與「六七暴動」 --- p.103-126 / Chapter 第六章 --- 左派報人對黨忠誠的悲哀 ´ؤ´ؤ羅孚個案剖析 --- p.127-150 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 --- p.151-157 / 參考資料 --- p.158 -174 / 訪問人士名單 --- p.175

在数据分析的基础上，本文检验了两个理论假设--“政治资本假设与“冲突性偏差假设，以分析国家主导的市场化进程对共产党员收入优势的影响。主流观点认为，在中国，党员身份代表了一种政治资本，因而在经济转型期，共产党员收入优势的变化就相应地反映了市场化进程中政治资本收益（或党员身份政治资本含量）的变化，即关于党员身份的“政治资本假设。而“冲突性偏差假设则考虑了市场化进程中，政治资本和人力资本对个体的职业流动和收入回报的双向影响，以及这种双向影响在回归分析中造成的偏误。通过运用 Pearl（2000）有关冲突性偏差（ collider bias，选择偏差的一种）的分析结论，笔者推断，在市场化进程中，控制“单位体制类型和“干部位置会导致党员身份和个人收入之间出现虚假的负偏差，因此，即使党员身份带来的政治资本收益不变，“党员身份对“个人收入的回归系数（控制“单位体制类型和“干部位置后）也会因为选择偏差的上升而呈现出下降甚至转变为负的趋势。如若“党员身份对“个人收入的回归系数在控制“单位体制类型和“干部位置后变为零，反而证明“党员身份对“个人收入仍存在积极的直接效应--这就是关于市场转型期中国共产党员收入优势的悖论。通过运用 2008年中国综合社会调查（CGSS2008），回归分析结果充分验证了“冲突性偏差的经验预测。这也提醒研究者：在对当代共产党员的收入优势进行理论解读时，主流观点忽视了冲突性偏差所造成的影响。在文章的最后，笔者讨论了此发现对将来研究的启发。 / This study examines two hypotheses for the impact of deepening marketization on the income returns to party membership in socialist China: the political capital and collider bias hypotheses. The prevailing view holds that party membership brings political capital (positional power and connections) and changing income returns reflects the changing leverage of political capital in market transition. The collider bias hypothesis acknowledges the expanding role of unobserved ability in the determination of income in the presence of party clientelism. Drawing on Pearl’s analysis of collider bias, we argue that recent marketization would lead to a paradoxical increase of negative bias on the income returns to party membership even if the political capital benefits of party membership persist as the prior literature maintains. Consequently, after conditioning on sector and cadre position, regression coefficient of party membership on income would be suppressed and become even negative. The paradox is that, if the income effect of party membership vanishes after controlling sector and/or cadre position, there must be a true positive party effect on income. Results based on the 2008 Chinese General Social Survey consistently support the predictions of collider bias hypothesis. The prevailing interpretation of previous findings is seriously undermined by ignorance of this pervasive selection bias. Implications for future research are discussed. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 朱灵. / "2012年7月" / "2012 nian 7 yue" / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-40). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Zhu Ling. / 摘要 --- p.I / ABSTRACT --- p.II / 目录 --- p.III / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一节 --- 研究背景 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二节 --- 研究问题 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文献回顾 --- p.3 / Chapter 第一节 --- 市场转型与党员收入优势的转变 --- p.3 / Chapter 第二节 --- 经济-政治体制双重转变：政治资本与人力资本的双重效应 --- p.8 / Chapter 第三节 --- 总结：市场化进程中共产党员收入优势下降的谜题 --- p.10 / Chapter 第三章 --- 冲突性偏差（COLLIDER BIAS） --- p.11 / Chapter 第一节 --- 双重效应、冲突变量（COLLIDER VARIABLE）与冲突性偏差（COLLIDER BIAS） --- p.11 / Chapter 第二节 --- 冲突性偏差的方向 --- p.13 / Chapter 第三节 --- 冲突性偏差的大小：通常在被选择的群体中更显著 --- p.13 / Chapter 第四章 --- 理论假设与实证预测 --- p.15 / Chapter 第一节 --- 理论假设 --- p.15 / Chapter 第二节 --- 实证预测 --- p.19 / Chapter 第五章 --- 研究设计：数据、变量和方法 --- p.22 / Chapter 第一节 --- 数据来源 --- p.22 / Chapter 第二节 --- 主要变量 --- p.22 / Chapter 第三节 --- 统计模型 --- p.24 / Chapter 第六章 --- 模型分析及结果 --- p.25 / Chapter 第七章 --- 结论与讨论 --- p.31 / 参考文献 --- p.34 / Chapter 一、 --- 中文部分 --- p.34 / Chapter 二、 --- 英文部分 --- p.35 / 图表部分 --- p.41 / 图1 --- p.41 / 图2 --- p.41 / 图3 --- p.42 / 图4 --- p.43 / 表一 --- p.44 / 表二 --- p.47 / 表三 --- p.48 / 表四 --- p.49 / 表五 --- p.50

How does the Chinese Party-State renew its political elite and maintain its cohesion in the post-Mao era? This is a key question to understand the evolution of China’s political system and still the explanations one can find in the literature are far from satisfactory. Overall, the literature on transformation of the Chinese political elite focuses on the broad outcomes, the fact that since the 1980s officials tend to be younger and more educated, but it falls short in unveiling the mechanisms at play. It gives a limited answer to the elite renewal issue as it leaves politics aside. By focusing on educational levels and technical skills it forgets about the importance of political commitment. I approach these questions through a unique account of the role played by the Chinese Communist Youth League (CYL) in terms of cadres’ recruitment and promotion since the 1980s. Using biographical data and a snowball sample of 92 interviewees I reconstructed the trajectories of CYL cadres. Beyond my focus on the central organization of the CYL in Beijing, I compared the situation of the CYL in the capital cities of two very different provinces and in four universities. Through this mixed methods approach, I could assess the evolution of the CYL as a path to power in post-Mao China. My main findings are as follows: First, due to post-Cultural Revolution politics and the need for leaders at the time to recruit loyal young cadres, a “sponsored mobility” system was developed to renew the Party-State’s elite. College students are recruited and trained through the Party’s youth organizations. They are put then on a unique promotion path, which includes specific opportunities and trainings, and which leads them to leadership position in the Party-State. This contrasts with what happened in the Soviet case in particular. Under Khrushchev (1953-1964), the Soviet elite was renewed through the cooptation of professionals with technical skills rather than by recruiting young cadres who spent their whole career in the Party-State. Second, through the various steps of the sponsored mobility process, the young recruits develop a specific social role as future officials and transform their social circles. As a result, they cultivate a political commitment to their career in the Party-State and to the survival of the regime. Third, the decentralized nature of the Party-State and its youth organizations make it difficult for the young recruits to establish cohesive groups which could organize against the Party-State itself.

The reaction of base-free Chan-Lam coupling was successfully used for functionalization of surface of mesoporous silica gel. Various aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic compounds were immobilized by a copper-catalyzed reaction of corresponding boronic acids with surface amino groups at mild conditions. Obtained functionalized materials were mesoporous although their surface area decreased after immobilization. The reactivity of some surface functional groups was tested in their characteristic reactions.

My dissertation, entitled, The Origin of Korean Trauerspiel: Gwangju, Stasis, Justice, argues that the vertiginous vicissitudes of contemporary South Korea since 1997 can be best described in terms of what Walter Benjamin calls Trauerspiel, or Mourning Play. This project identifies the 15-year period as the time-space of a series of suspended and thwarted mourning, in which death, be it in the past or present, hardly partakes of the economy of justice or sacrifice as it putatively does in tragedy in view of a new community to come. Drawing attention to the peculiar interplay between two contemporary catalysts of stasis, or civil war, i.e., the special amnesty granted in 1997 to ex-President Chun Doo-Hwan for his executive role in the Gwangju Massacre in May 1980 and the U.S. War on Terror since 2002, for which 3 Korean civilian hostages were kidnapped and brutally executed in 2004 and 2007, I argue that both serve to render naught the sublime causes (e.g. Democracy, Justice, and Peace) as well as human lives sacrificed in relation to them, generating a genuine crisis of politics and ethics. By analyzing contemporary Korean cinema (e.g. films by Park Chan-wook, Bong Jun-ho, and Kim Jee-woon) and literature (e.g. Kim Hoon) of this period as allegory of this crisis, I show how attempts at doing justice are complicated and increasingly frustrated by progressive dissolution of a series of traditional distinctions between Victim and Perpetrator, Friend and Enemy, and Justice and Vengeance, leading to universal failures of mourning, only to constitute a vast singular Trauerspiel, or Mourning Play.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 90-98) Also available in print.

Jackie Chan has had a long and consistently successful career in the entertainment industry, becoming the most universally recognized Chinese performer, second only perhaps, to Bruce Lee. His rags-to-riches path to stardom has been well documented and oft quoted. At a time when all the up-and-coming martial arts actors felt the pressure to be carbon copies of Bruce Lee, Chan made his mark on the screen by making his persona everything that Lee?s wasn?t. With 1978?s Snake in the Eagle?s Shadow and Drunken Master, Chan?s revolutionary comic and realistic persona was firmly established with audiences. Throughout the 80s and 90s, Chan remained undeniably the biggest star in the East, demonstrating wild popularity in not only Asia, but throughout Europe and Africa as well. After several failed attempts at breaking into the American market, Chan finally achieved success with 1998?s Rush Hour. Unfortunately, success in the West has come with strict limitations placed on the characters he has been allowed to play. These limitations most often manifest themselves in the sexuality and morality of the characters, as well as the dramatic opportunities available to Chan within the films. In order to keep Chan?s vast filmography ? which has recently seen him sign on to his 100th leading role ? I have separated it into three distinct stages. The first stage of his career begins with his groundbreaking turn in Snake in the Eagle?s Shadow and ends with his last Asian film before successfully breaking into Hollywood, 1998?s Who am I?. From this point on, his career takes two distinct paths: the path in Hollywood, beginning with Rush Hour, and the path in Asia, which begins with 1999?s Gorgeous. Each stage features distinct characteristics and trends with rare digression. I will provide examples from a selection of films within each stage of his career in order to clarify the traits and characteristics of the roles he has taken in each one. The purpose of this thesis is twofold. First and foremost, it will reveal the extent to which Chan faces negative stereotyping in the United States by clearly offering the contrasting positive representations he is able to achieve overseas. The second aim, which has naturally arisen from the workings of the first, is a critical look at a career that has found its actor bored with the kinds of films that have brought him worldwide fame.

Yuan Hongdao was an eminent leader of the Gong'an school in the literary circles during the Wanli Reign of the Ming Dynasty. Inevitably influenced by the trend of thought supported by the Confucian scholars who followed Wang Yangming's (1472-1529) intellectual movement of "learning of the mind" and "innate knowing", which was closely correlated with the reinvention of Chan Buddhism, Yuan Hongdao became an advocate of free expression of innate sensibility and an expert in Chan meditation. The Shan hu lin was an expression of Yuan Hongdao's thoughts on Chan practice and self-cultivation and bore a deep meaning of the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. This thesis reveals Yuan Hongdao's association with Chan Buddhism, examines the writing of the Shan hu lin, and analyzes its textual content, in order to demonstrate the revival of Chan Buddhism in the literati circle during the late Ming period.

Contour extraction of Drosophila embryos is an important step to build a computational system for pattern matching of embryonic images which aids in the discovery of genes. Automatic contour extraction of embryos is challenging due to several image variations such as size, shape, orientation and neigh- boring embryos such as touching and non-touching embryos. In this thesis, we introduce a framework for contour extraction based on the connected components in the gaussian scale space of an embryonic image. The active contour model is applied on the images to refine embryo contours. Data cleaning methods are applied to smooth the jaggy contours caused by blurred embryo boundaries. The scale space theory is applied to improve the performance of the result. The active contour adjusts better to the object for finer scales. The proposed framework contains three components. In the first component, we find the connected components of the image. The second component is to find the largest component of the image. Finally, we analyze the largest component across scales by selecting the optimal scale corresponding to the largest component having largest area. The optimal scale at which maximum area is attained is assumed to give information about the feature being extracted. We tested the proposed framework on BDGP images, and the results achieved promising accuracy in extracting the targeting embryo.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong Baptist University, 2000. / Thesis submitted to the Dept. of Government and International Studies. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-127).