This thesis compares 23 anthropogenic charcoal deposits to 19 corresponding control sites, along a European climatic gradient from Temperate Maritime (South Wales) to Mediterranean (southern Italy) environments.

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No description available.

As amostras de carvão ativo de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar foram preparadas em temperaturas de carbonização de 500, 600 e 700 ºC, com tempos de ativação de 60 e 120 minutos e concentração de agente ativante (ZnC12) 30 e 60% em relação ao bagaço seco original. Foi utilizado como padrão, para verificação de eficiência, um carvão ativo alemão (Riedel). Estas amostras foram caracterizadas pelas seguintes análises: rendimento; teor e umidade; teor de cinzas; pH; teor de substâncias solúveis em água. Foi também estudado o desempenho destas amostras no descoramento de água de lavagem de cana-de-açúcar, utilizando 1% e 1,5% em peso de carvão ativo. Amostras preparadas a 500 ºC, 60 minutos e concentração de agente ativamente 0%, 30% e 60% em relação ao peso de bagaço seco original foram utilizadas no tratamento de água de lavagem de cana-de açúcar visando a diminuição do potencial poluidor, essas mesmas amostras foram utilizadas para determinação de poder de adsorção, equação e isoterma de Freundlich. Os resultados mostraram ser viável, em escala de laboratório a obtenção de carvão ativo de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, para utilização no tratamento de água de lavagem de cana-de-açúcar visando diminuir o seu potencial poluidor. / Samples of activated carbon from cane-thrash were prepared in carbonization temperatures of 500, 600 and 700 ºC; activation times of 60 and 120 minutes, and concentrations of activating agent (ZnC12) 30 and 60% in relation to the original dry bagasse. A German activated carbon, was used a standard (Riedel). The samples were characterized by the following analysis: yield, proportion (5) of humidity, proportion of ashes; pH; proportion of solubles in water substances. It was also studied the performance in discolouring sugar-cane washing water using 1% and 1,5% in weight of activated carbon. Samples prepared in 500 ºC, 60 minutes and activating agent concentration of 0%, 30% and 60% in relation to the weight of the original dry bagasse were used in the treatment of sugar-cane washing water the purpose of reducing the polluter potential. They were used to determine the adsorption power, equation and Freundlish isotherm. The results showed it is possible to obtain active carbon from cane-thrash in laboratory scale, to be used in the treatment of sugar-cane washing water with the purpose of reducing its polluter potential.

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This research fully use the absorbability extremely good characteristic of bamboo charcoal, probe into the feasibility research that the bamboo charcoal will be applied to the ocean engineering. The bamboo charcoal with replace different thin aggregates weight¡]replace 0%¡B3%¡B5% and 7% of thin aggregates weight¡^add it into the cement mortar, and then to plan three kinds of cement mortar ratio¡]w/c=0.40¡B0.48 and 0.55¡^,and test of every relevant tests. Include strength and permeability relevant tests, probe into bamboo charcoal is it influence engineering character of the cement mortar to add. In order to assess the suitability that the bamboo charcoal applies to the cement mortar, test this material replace part thin aggregates compression strength and permeability coefficient of the influence, and the bamboo charcoal to have absorbability the chlorine ion and sulfide harmful chemical of the characteristic to the bamboo charcoal. Test to resist chloride ion and sulfide tests, to discussion by the result of the test. In order to get a group of best cement mortar ratio of replace the bamboo charcoal, and change tiny structure of the cement mortar with Scanning Electron Microscope¡]SEM¡^. By prove feasibility to the ocean engineering the bamboo charcoal adds into the cement mortar.

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No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Wageningen Universiteit, 2007. / Vita. "Propositions (Stellingen)" ([1]) leaf inserted. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the Internet on the university's web site.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1938. / "Reprinted from the Journal of the American chemical society, 60 ... (1938)." Includes bibliographical references.