Studies of minimum bias events at colliders probe the behavior of QCD in the non-perturbative regime. The phenomenology of events in this regime is described by empirical models that take many parameters, which all need to be tuned to the observed data. Measurements based on angular correlations between the highest transverse momentum charged particle track and the other charged particle tracks in collision events can, because of their robustness against experimental and detector effects, be a component of the tuning inputs for the models. We measure such observables in a variety of pseudorapidity ranges and at many center-of-mass energies at DØ and ATLAS. We observe that such observables are poorly described by current models and tunes that are used to produce simulated event samples, making them valuable information for the tuning process. The Matrix Element method is a powerful analysis tool to extract precise measurements from data samples of limited statistics. We have investigated the potential of the Matrix Element method to measure the mass of the charged Higgs in the exclusive decay H±→τ±ν→e±+3ν when produced in top quark decays at the Tevatron, with emphasis on the construction of transfer functions in the τ decay chain. We concluded that the τ decay chain can be successfully parametrized via a transfer function and that the method has the potential to provide an accurate charged Higgs mass measurement in this channel. Triggering on τ leptons is a key component for many beyond the Standard Model searches at ATLAS, such as the search for the charged Higgs boson. Events containing Z bosons can be used to measure the efficiency of the ATLAS τ hadronic-decay trigger. We have used a tag-and-probe method on simulated Z boson decays to 2 τ leptons where one decays to a μ while the other decays hadronically. The μ is used as the tag and the τ side is probed. We demonstrated that the efficiency of the τ hadronic-decay trigger can be accurately measured with this method using the first 100 pb-1 of ATLAS data. / Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 732

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This dissertation presents an investigation into two so-called live art works – Ugly girl at the rugby (1998) and Chandelier (2001-2002) – by the contemporary South African artist Steven Cohen (1962-). These works are explored with reference to the manner in which Cohen (as self-declared queer Jewish freak) uses performance art as a form of activism in order to expose practices of marginalisation and suppression (oppression) of non-normative or so-called deviant subject positions in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. The analysis of artworks is guided by the discourse of the carnavalesque and performative conceptualisations of gender with particular emphasis on Cohen’s use of drag as contemporary form of masquerade in order to propose an alternative subject position. The argument is as follows: that Cohen, by setting up an extreme alternative to normative identity constructs, manages to destabilise existing hierarchies that are structured according to binaries as these exist in spaces (such as a rugby stadium and a squatter camp) in the South African context. This destabilising of binary hierarchies gives rise to the argument that the symbolically encoded nature of spaces known for associations of suppression, exclusion and marginalisation are wrought open so that alternative meanings can come into being by activating these spaces as multifaceted and chronotopic constructs. The conclusion is that Cohen contributes profoundly towards the destabilisation of identities and in this way also helps to propose invigorating and fresh views of gender, race and ethnicity in a contemporary South African situation. / Thesis (MA (History of Art))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

This dissertation presents an investigation into two so-called live art works – Ugly girl at the rugby (1998) and Chandelier (2001-2002) – by the contemporary South African artist Steven Cohen (1962-). These works are explored with reference to the manner in which Cohen (as self-declared queer Jewish freak) uses performance art as a form of activism in order to expose practices of marginalisation and suppression (oppression) of non-normative or so-called deviant subject positions in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. The analysis of artworks is guided by the discourse of the carnavalesque and performative conceptualisations of gender with particular emphasis on Cohen’s use of drag as contemporary form of masquerade in order to propose an alternative subject position. The argument is as follows: that Cohen, by setting up an extreme alternative to normative identity constructs, manages to destabilise existing hierarchies that are structured according to binaries as these exist in spaces (such as a rugby stadium and a squatter camp) in the South African context. This destabilising of binary hierarchies gives rise to the argument that the symbolically encoded nature of spaces known for associations of suppression, exclusion and marginalisation are wrought open so that alternative meanings can come into being by activating these spaces as multifaceted and chronotopic constructs. The conclusion is that Cohen contributes profoundly towards the destabilisation of identities and in this way also helps to propose invigorating and fresh views of gender, race and ethnicity in a contemporary South African situation. / Thesis (MA (History of Art))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

After a long history of searches, a Higgs boson H was discovered by the ATLAS and the CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012. Its properties fit well the ones predicted by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. However, the SM can not explain other established properties of Nature, such as the existence of Dark Matter. For this reason, models beyond the SM should be considered. Such models often predict the existence of several Higgs bosons and this thesis explores some of those models. In particular, the possibility to discover a charged Higgs boson, which would be a clear sign of physics beyond the SM, is studied. A commonly studied extension of the SM is the framework of two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDMs), where there are five Higgs bosons. By confronting the parameter spaces of some 2HDMs with publically available data from the LHC, the prospects for finding the 2HDM Higgs bosons is presented through the calculation of production cross sections and decay branching ratios in various channels. A new kind of 2HDM, called the Stealth Doublet Model is presented and the properties of the Higgs bosons are studied. In this model, it is shown that in particular the properties of the charged Higgs boson H± have new features not exhibited in earlier studied models. Within the parameter space compatible with the LHC results, the production cross section for H± can be sizeable enough to be experimentally observed. Finally, the discovery prospects at the LHC, for a H± in the pp → tH± process, with the decays H± → HW± and H → bb, is studied in various models beyond the Standard Model. It is shown that for the supersymmetric models, this channel is beyond the discovery reach of the LHC. In some of the other studied models, in particular the Aligned 2HDM, the situation is improved and the channel is feasible.

Os alcaloides têm apresentado diversas atividades biológicas. Entre eles, a montanina vem demonstrando um bom desempenho nesse sentido, como, atividade antioxidante, ação inibitória do crescimento de culturas bacterianas e importante atividade de inibição do crescimento de linhagens tumorais. Atualmente, não existem muitos relatos da sua caracterização ou métodos analíticos quantitativos disponíveis na literatura para atribuir seu teor. Assim, após purificação, a caracterização da montanina foi realizada por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), espectroscopia na região do ultravioleta (UV), infravermelho (IV), espectrometria de massas (CLAE-EM), ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN1H), de carbono (RMN13C) e em 2D homo e heteronucleares tais como COSY (nJH-H, escalar), NOESY (nJH-H, dipolar), HSQC (1JH-C, escalar) e HMBC (nJH-C, escalar). Na sequência, foram desenvolvidos métodos empregando a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) acoplada aos detectores ultravioleta e aerossol carregado (CLAE- UV/DAC) para a quantificação da montanina. Os mesmos foram validados, avaliando-se os parâmetros de especificidade, linearidade, intervalo, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, precisão, exatidão e robustez. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e os métodos comparados pelo resultado da análise de variância (ANOVA). Desse modo, foram desenvolvidos procedimentos que podem ser aplicados para aprimorar o controle de qualidade, contribuindo para assegurar a eficácia terapêutica da montanina. / Alkaloids have several biological activities. Among them, montanine have shown antioxidant activity, inhibitory effect on bacterial growth and important activity inhibiting growth of some tumor cell lines. Currently, there are a few reports about its characterization as well as quantitative analytical methods to determine its purity. Thus, after a purification step, montanine will be characterized by its differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance of proton (NMR1H), carbon (NMR13C) and 2D homo and heteronuclear such as COSY (nJH-H, scalar), NOESY (nJH-H, dipolar), HSQC (1JH-C, scalar) and HMBC (nJH-C, scalar). Further, quantitation methods will be developed employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet and charged aerosol detectors (HPLC-UV/CAD). These methods will be validated regarding the parameters specificity, linearity, range, detection limit, quantitation limit, precision, accuracy and robustness. The results will then be evaluated by descriptive statistics and the developed methods will be compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Therefore, tests will be developed that can be used to improve quality control, helping to ensure the therapeutic efficacy of montanine.

Suite à la découverte du boson de Higgs en Juin 2012 au Large Hadron Collider, l’accélérateur de particules situé à la frontière franco-suisse, l’étude du secteur scalaire des particules élémentaires a connu un regain d’intérêt. En particulier, le boson de Higgs étant une particule clef au sein du Modèle Standard des particules, les expérimentateurs étudient ses propriétés avec beaucoup de soin.Le Modèle Standard, dont le but est de décrire les interactions entre particules élémentaires, n’est cependant pas une théorie complète. En effet, en plus de quelques problèmes d’ordre théorique, certains phénomènes observés expérimentalement ne peuvent pas être expliqués par ce modèle. Les théoriciens en physique des particules cherchent donc à établir une nouvelle théorie venant le compléter et permettant d’expliquer pleinement les observations expérimentales.Cette thèse est axée sur l’étude du secteur scalaire de modèles au-delà du Modèle Standard des particules. J’ai plus particulièrement travaillé sur un modèle à deux doublets de Higgs – modèle purement effectif mais qui peut être inclus dans d’autres théories plus abouties – ainsi que sur un modèle construit comme une combinaison entre les théories déjà très proches de techicouleur et de Higgs composites, et ce dans le cas particulier d’une brisure de symétrie SU (4) ? Sp(4). J’ai étudié ce dernier modèle d’un point de vue effectif mais la théorie complète est capable depallier un certain nombre des limitations du Modèle Standard.Chacun de ces modèles inclut un secteur scalaire plus riche que celui du Modèle Standard et contient au moins une particule pouvant être assimilée au boson de Higgs découvert au LHC. J’ai réalisé l’étude phénoménologique de chacun de ces modèles et les ai confrontés à des contraintes tant théoriques qu’expérimentales – en particulier celles obtenues grâce aux études les plus récentes, portant sur le boson de Higgs et sur de potentielles particules scalaires additionnelles, réalisées par les équipes du LHC. Cela m’a permis de contraindre les paramètres libres des modèles et en particulier de restreindre les valeurs possibles pour la masse des autres particules scalaires, permettant de mieux cibler les zones où ces nouvelles particules, si elles existent, pourraient être détectées au LHC.Ces deux théories, bien que très contraintes par les données expérimentales, ne sont toujours pas exclues par les contraintes expérimentales les plus récentes / Following the discovery of the Higgs boson in June 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider, the particle collider located beneath the France-Switzerland border, interest in the study of the scalar sector in elementary particle physics significantly increased. In particular, as the Higgs boson plays a very special role in the Standard Model of particle physics, experimentalists study its properties with great care.The goal of the Standard Model is to describe the interactions between elementary particles. However the theory is not quite complete. Indeed, in addition to some purely theoretical problems, a number of experimental observations cannot be explained by the Standard Model. Theorists are therefore looking for a more comprehensive theory able to fully explain the observations.This thesis is based on the study of the scalar sector of two different extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. I have worked on the Two-Higgs Doublet Model – this model is purely effective but can be included in more comprehensive theories – as well as on a model based on a combination of Technicolor and Composite Higgs theories in the framework of the SU (4) ? Sp(4) symmetry breaking pattern. I studied the latter via an effective approach but the full theory is able to get rid of some of the pitfalls of the Standard Model.These two models include a scalar sector that is richer than the one found in the Standard Model and contain at least one particle which can be assimilated to the Higgs boson discovered at the LHC.I performed a phenomenological study for these two models and tested them against both theoretical and experimental constraints. In particular I used the latest studies on the 125 GeV Higgs boson and on possible additional scalars performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. The application of all these constraints drastically reduced the available parameter space of the two models. In particular it narrowed the possible mass range of the additional scalars, allowing to know more accurately where to search them experimentally in order to prove or rule out their possible existence.As of today the two theories I worked on are still not excluded by the latest experimentaldata

Os alcaloides têm apresentado diversas atividades biológicas. Entre eles, a montanina vem demonstrando um bom desempenho nesse sentido, como, atividade antioxidante, ação inibitória do crescimento de culturas bacterianas e importante atividade de inibição do crescimento de linhagens tumorais. Atualmente, não existem muitos relatos da sua caracterização ou métodos analíticos quantitativos disponíveis na literatura para atribuir seu teor. Assim, após purificação, a caracterização da montanina foi realizada por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), espectroscopia na região do ultravioleta (UV), infravermelho (IV), espectrometria de massas (CLAE-EM), ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN1H), de carbono (RMN13C) e em 2D homo e heteronucleares tais como COSY (nJH-H, escalar), NOESY (nJH-H, dipolar), HSQC (1JH-C, escalar) e HMBC (nJH-C, escalar). Na sequência, foram desenvolvidos métodos empregando a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) acoplada aos detectores ultravioleta e aerossol carregado (CLAE- UV/DAC) para a quantificação da montanina. Os mesmos foram validados, avaliando-se os parâmetros de especificidade, linearidade, intervalo, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, precisão, exatidão e robustez. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e os métodos comparados pelo resultado da análise de variância (ANOVA). Desse modo, foram desenvolvidos procedimentos que podem ser aplicados para aprimorar o controle de qualidade, contribuindo para assegurar a eficácia terapêutica da montanina. / Alkaloids have several biological activities. Among them, montanine have shown antioxidant activity, inhibitory effect on bacterial growth and important activity inhibiting growth of some tumor cell lines. Currently, there are a few reports about its characterization as well as quantitative analytical methods to determine its purity. Thus, after a purification step, montanine will be characterized by its differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance of proton (NMR1H), carbon (NMR13C) and 2D homo and heteronuclear such as COSY (nJH-H, scalar), NOESY (nJH-H, dipolar), HSQC (1JH-C, scalar) and HMBC (nJH-C, scalar). Further, quantitation methods will be developed employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet and charged aerosol detectors (HPLC-UV/CAD). These methods will be validated regarding the parameters specificity, linearity, range, detection limit, quantitation limit, precision, accuracy and robustness. The results will then be evaluated by descriptive statistics and the developed methods will be compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Therefore, tests will be developed that can be used to improve quality control, helping to ensure the therapeutic efficacy of montanine.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Apresentamos desigualdades do tipo Penrose e um teorema de massa positiva para buracos negros carregados, isto Ã, dados iniciais para soluÃÃes tempo-simÃtricas das equaÃÃes de Einstein-Maxwell, que podem ser isometricamente mergulhados no espaÃo euclidiano como grÃficos. As demonstraÃÃes usam uma fÃrmula integral para massa ADM de tais hipersuperfÃcies e o fluxo pela curvatura mÃdia inversa. / We present Penrose-type inequalities and a positive mass theorem to charged black roles, ie, initial data for time-symmetric solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations, which can be isometrically immersed in Euclidean space as graphics. The statements use an integral formula for the ADM mass of such hypersurfaces and the inverse mean curvature flow.

In this work we will study the linear stability of a relative equilibrium in the charged nbody problem. To do this, we will introduce the definition of spectral stability of relative equilibria and we will find conditions necessary to have such stability. We will start the work by showing relevant results in the theory of differentials equations, highlighting some important theorems, such as Existence and Uniqueness Theorem, theorems for linear stability, Floquet’s Theorem and Lyapunov Stability and Instability Theorems. We will do a concise study of Hamiltonian systems, in which we will provide results and definitions that will be of great utility during the dissertation. Among such definitions deserves attention the center configurations (C.C.), since we will show results relating them to the relative equilibria. We will introduce the concept of spectral stability and we will see propositions and theorems for the of n-body problem. An example will be displayed brings a particularity to the charged problem and that makes it very different from the classic n-body problem. Finally, we will apply the results obtained in the charged 3-body problem. / Neste trabalho faremos o estudo da estabilidade linear de um equilíbrio relativo no problema carregado de n-corpos. Para isso, introduziremos a definição de estabilidade espectral de um equilíbrio e encontraremos condições necessárias para termos tal estabilidade. Começaremos o trabalho mostrando resultados relevantes na teoria de equações diferenciais, dando destaque a alguns teoremas importantes, como por exemplo, Teorema de Existência e Unicidade, teoremas para estabilidade linear, Teorema de Floquet e Teoremas de Estabilidade e Instabilidade de Lyapunov. Será feito um estudo bastante conciso dos sistemas Hamiltonianos, no qual enunciaremos resultados e definições que serão de grande utilidade no decorrer da dissertação. Entre tais definições merece destaque a de configurações centrais (C.C.), uma vez que exibiremos resultados relacionando-as aos equilíbrios relativos. Introduziremos o conceito de estabilidade espectral e veremos proposições e teoremas para o problema carregado de n-corpos. Será exibido um exemplo que traz uma particularidade ao problema carregado e que o diferencia bastante do problema clássico de n-corpos. Por fim, faremos uma aplicação dos resultados obtidos ao problema carregado de 3-corpos. / São Cristóvão, SE