Thesis (Ph. D. in Political Science)--University of California, Berkeley, May 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-280).

Inaug.-diss.--Basel. / Lebenslauf.

The thesis examines the relationship between formal education and the chemical industry from about 1850 to about 1920. It first surveys relevant literature and discusses historiographical and definitional matters. It then sketches aspects of the relationship between science, education and technique during the early nineteenth century. It moves on to explore the representation of that relationship during the period of the thesis proper. It argues that this was dominated by a view articulated largely by academic chemists from the mid-century. Industrial relevance was exploited as a means of promoting research and teaching. This, rather than an 'objective' analysis, influenced the view which was promoted. Alternative, more directly technical, approaches were envisaged by some industrialists. At the turn of the century a complex negotiation was in progress, focusing on the place of technological disciplines in academe. Attempts to establish chemical technology curricula in the nineteenth century are surveyed. Reasons are suggested for their failure, particularly the difficulties in publicly transmitting and creating commercially sensitive knowledge and the pressures of curricular and institutional hierarchies. By contrast curricula in 'pure' chemistry were numerically successful. The thesis examines the recruitment of chemistry students by the industrial and educational sectors. It surveys the occupations of a sample of students from a range of English institutions. It concludes that industrial recruitment had a greater role than has been suggested by some scholars. The recruitment and employment of trained men in a number of chemical firms is surveyed, and it is concluded that their main role was in routine analysis. Expansion of this activity was slow, involving vertical routes into managerial positions rather than functional specialization and bureaucracies. A class of technically-trained routine analysts was created. The growth of chemical engineering as academic field and occupation is examined. The roles of academics and industrialists in conceptualizing the field around 'unit operations' are discussed. An account is given of the emergence of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.

The requirements for an investment in a chemical manufacturing plant to be economically feasible have been investigated. The items studied included the market which exists for chemicals, the resources required to manufacture chemicals, and the finances commited to the investments in manufacturing plants. The chemical plants investigated were confined to that sector defined as basic and intermediate chemicals, further, the study was restricted to the geographic region of British Columbia. Three sources of information were pertinent to this study. These were the external trade data for the province of British Columbia, available through Victoria from the Dominion Bureau of Statistics; the growth in the forest industry, available from journals and news releases; and specific expense information, obtained or confirmed from private communication with various individuals in the industries pertinent to the study. Other miscellaneous books, publications, and unpublished materials were used as required to complete the analysis of the study. The perinent information including markets and prices (revenue), resources (expenses), and capital commitment were combined to determine rate of return on investment. Return was considered to be the principal criteria for the evaluation of the economic feasibility of a chemical manufacturing plant. The results of the study indicated that the growth of the forest industry accounted for the feasibility of chemical plants in the province in the recent past and the near term future. The chemical pulp exports especially to Japan and Europe are expected to sustain growth in pulping and bleaching chemicals. A declining per capita consumption for plywood and increased exports of this material are expected to sustain a straight line growth in plywood resin chemicals in the near term future. The possibilities for opportunities in basic aromatic chemicals, and plastics, and synthetic detergent intermediates were outlined, all of which would require market development. Resources and capital commitment were not found to be a restriction upon economic feasibility. Sulphur and petroleum are available within the province, but the majority of the mineral raw materials are imported. Technology was in each case the organization's own. Capital for the investments made in British Columbia has been provided by the routine operations of the parent organization, and funds flow from the local plants operations should sustain expansion. The return on investment for the basic chemical plants which have been established recently in British Columbia was found to be modest in the short run. Various factors contributed to reductions in rate of return including rate of incremental expansion, market structure change, price reductions, and competition. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

No description available.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007. / Thesis Advisor(s): Thomas J. Mackin, Nadav Morag. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-79). Also available in print.

The purpose of this thesis is to contrast classical theory with the operations of a controlled industry whose foremost raw material is technical knowledge, and to observe whether these operations can approximate the conditions of orthodox theory.

The subject area for the study was that of job satisfaction in a chemical industry production unit and the various dimensions by which it is constituted. The study will focus on the dimensions which are found to have the biggest impact on the job satisfaction of employees at the production unit. As job satisfaction creates confidence in personnel which ultimately leads to improved quality in the output of the employees, it is a crucial task of management to instil job satisfaction within their employees (Tietjen & Myers, 1998:226). The challenge lies therein as to how management should go about to realize the job satisfaction of the staff, as it is “not the simple result of an incentive program” (Tietjen & Myers, 1998:226). Qualitative research by means of structured interviews was implemented in the study. The sample consisted of 8 Production Foremen and 51 Production Process personnel who were interviewed during four focus group sessions, and a former Production Area Manager from the unit who was interviewed separately. Quotations from transcribed tape recordings of the interviews were sorted or categorized according to the themes (or dimensions) they represented before being analysed. As a measure to ensure the validity of the research, the questions of the interviews were structured in such a way that the data of some of the questions had to either correspond, or not, to show the validity thereof. Current research found that several studies have attempted to identify the determinants for job satisfaction, but there is no agreed consensus as to the exact dimensions (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2008:170; Vieira, 2005). The findings of this research showed that job satisfaction is a conglomeration of MANY dimensions, with no absolutes, which need to be present in the correct mix in order for an employee to be happy or satisfied. Thus focusing on only one dimension will provide little success. It is proposed that an integrated strategy with the most common dimensions (in this instance: teamwork, leadership traits, and working conditions) are followed to establish a working environment that is conducive to satisfied employees, not forgetting that one of the most important dimensions is that of the employees themselves. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The subject area for the study was that of job satisfaction in a chemical industry production unit and the various dimensions by which it is constituted. The study will focus on the dimensions which are found to have the biggest impact on the job satisfaction of employees at the production unit. As job satisfaction creates confidence in personnel which ultimately leads to improved quality in the output of the employees, it is a crucial task of management to instil job satisfaction within their employees (Tietjen & Myers, 1998:226). The challenge lies therein as to how management should go about to realize the job satisfaction of the staff, as it is “not the simple result of an incentive program” (Tietjen & Myers, 1998:226). Qualitative research by means of structured interviews was implemented in the study. The sample consisted of 8 Production Foremen and 51 Production Process personnel who were interviewed during four focus group sessions, and a former Production Area Manager from the unit who was interviewed separately. Quotations from transcribed tape recordings of the interviews were sorted or categorized according to the themes (or dimensions) they represented before being analysed. As a measure to ensure the validity of the research, the questions of the interviews were structured in such a way that the data of some of the questions had to either correspond, or not, to show the validity thereof. Current research found that several studies have attempted to identify the determinants for job satisfaction, but there is no agreed consensus as to the exact dimensions (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2008:170; Vieira, 2005). The findings of this research showed that job satisfaction is a conglomeration of MANY dimensions, with no absolutes, which need to be present in the correct mix in order for an employee to be happy or satisfied. Thus focusing on only one dimension will provide little success. It is proposed that an integrated strategy with the most common dimensions (in this instance: teamwork, leadership traits, and working conditions) are followed to establish a working environment that is conducive to satisfied employees, not forgetting that one of the most important dimensions is that of the employees themselves. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This dissertation studies the policy process which produced and implemented the Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) system in 1990, administered by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution (HMIP). It assesses how IPC was implemented in terms of setting pollution control standards, hQWIPC compares with the air pollution regime it replaced, and in terms of IPC's policy output. Policy network concepts are used to analyse the networks of interaction between policy actors as they seek to influence the policy process. The research involved interviews with these policy actors, plus analysis of relevant documentation - including a content analysis of the new IPC public register. The analysis is presented historically, beginning with the policy network of regulator and industry which negotiated air pollution controls. Public interest groups criticised this regime in the early 1970s for the informal, consensual, and confidential way it set and enforced air pollution standards. During the 1980s, European legislation put pressure upon domestic pollution control practice. Industry began lobbying for improvements to the flexible British regime as a bulwark against European formalism. Several factors led to HMJP's creation and IPC introduction, including European and industrial pressures, but also a belief by government that change had deregulatory potential. Regulatory procedures under IPC are more transparent and formal. However, standard setting was at HMIP's discretion, to be exercised during IPC implementation. HMIP initially intended to break from the past and do this at arms'length from industry. Analysis of this implementation stage uses the organic chemicals sector for case study. It explains why IPC has suffered an 'implementation deficit' compared to HMIP's initial intentions. Moreover, improvements to industrial pollution control are negotiated in a policy network similar to its air pollution predecessor. It is argued that within the formal legal framework, persists an infonnal, consensual, and somewhat opaque pollution regime.