Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva sjuksköterskans agerande vid misstanke om barnmisshandel, vilka faktorer som påverkar beslutet att anmäla eller inte anmäla vid misstanke om barnmisshandel samt granska och redovisa artiklarnas vetenskapliga kvalitet. Metoden var en deskriptiv litteraturstudie och artiklar söktes i databasen Medline via Pubmed. Sökningen resulterade i tio artiklar. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskans iakttagelseförmåga var den viktigaste egenskapen för att upptäcka barnmisshandel. Vid misstanke avvaktade sjuksköterskan sina åtgärder, anmälan skedde när säkra bevis fanns. I resultatet framkom behov av utbildning och samarbetet mellan sjuksköterskor, läkare och socialarbetare kunde förbättras för att skydda barnet. Osäkerhet och bristande kunskap kring rapportering hindrade sjuksköterskans agerande och rädsla för sin egen säkerhet medförde att en anmälan inte alltid blev gjord. Fakta kring barnmisshandel tas upp bristfälligt i sjuksköterskans grundutbildning vilket ökar osäkerheten kring agerande och rapportering. Sjuksköterskans attityd till barnmisshandel inverkade på beslutet att rapportera eller inte. Fysiska- och sexuella övergrepp ansågs lättare att identifiera än psykisk misshandel. Kvalitén, utifrån granskning av urval/bortfall, anses vara hög i de kvalitativa studierna och i de kvantitativa studierna var variationen i kvalitet stor. Slutsatsen är att många sjuksköterskor känner osäkerhet kring agerande och rapportering. Tydliga riktlinjer och ett bättre samarbete mellan olika yrkesgrupper behövs. / The purpose of this literature review was to describe the nurse's actions in cases of suspected child abuse, what factors influence the decision to report or not report suspected child abuse and to examine the quality of the studies from a scientific perspective. The method was a descriptive review and articles were searched in Medline database through PubMed. The search resulted in ten articles. The result showed that the nurse's observation was the most important characteristic to detect child abuse. With suspicion of child abuse they only acted when solid evidence existed. The study found a need for training among the nurses and that cooperation between professional groups involved could be improved. Uncertainty about reporting was an obstacle to the nurse's actions. A fear for the nurses own safety meant that a notification was not always made. There is a general deficiency of education within this area which increases the uncertainty surrounding the conduct and reporting. Nurse's attitude to child abuse had an effect on the decision to report or not. Physical and sexual abuse was easier to identify than emotional abuse. The quality of selection and non-response was considered to be high in the qualitative studies, and the quantitative studies had a variation in quality. The conclusion is that many nurses feel uncertain about the conduct and reporting. Clear guidelines and better cooperation between professional groups are needed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-80). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009. / Title from title screen (site viewed January 5, 2010). PDF text: vii, 162 p. : ill. ; 748 K. UMI publication number: AAT 3360090. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2009. / Principal faculty advisor: R. Rogers Kobak, Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2002. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-116). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ71601.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Psychology, August 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 1999. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-82). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ56162

I show three new ways to use Google search query data. First, I use Google search data to measure racism in the United States and its effect on Obama in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections. Second, I use Google search data to predict turnout in different parts of the United States prior to an election. Third, I use Google search data to measure child maltreatment and how maltreatment is affected by economic downturns. / Economics

This qualitative study was aimed at developing an understanding of how persons involved in the investigation or deliberation of child abuse and neglect cases think and feel about the process of weighing evidence and drawing conclusions from it. Twenty investigators, supervisors, and administrators employed by the Child Protective Services agency in Texas were asked to describe cases they had investigated or reviewed that had been particularly difficult because of conflicting or ambiguous evidence. They were also asked opinion questions about the agency's actuarial risk assessment instrument and the concept of preponderance of evidence. Finally, participants were asked to respond to two short case vignettes describing allegations of sexual abuse. Constant comparative and narrative analysis of interview data revealed that the process of case deliberation in CPS makes use of both intuitive and analytic decision-making styles, and there is a general movement from intuition to analysis as a case ascends the decision-making hierarchy. This movement entails a shift from narrative forms of thought and an outcome-oriented ethic to analytic forms of thought and a rule-based ethic. Though intuitive decision making is at least partly guided from personal experience and personal values, and does produce error because of that, it is nonetheless a form of rationality as capable of being guided by scrupulousness and fidelity to truth as analysis is. The personal value and outcome-oriented ethic that intuition brings to the decision making process not only cannot be eliminated, it is necessary to the program's achievement of its mission. It is recommended that the training of new investigators should, first, acknowledge the large role that intuitive thinking plays in CPS decision making and, second, develop ways to help decision makers discipline intuition, in the words of one participant, and to create conditions that foster its optimal functioning.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of systematic desensitization and cognitive self-control training procedures in reducing anger arousal, overt hostility, and aggression; and their effectiveness in increasing constructive action in therapists conducting counselling interviews with child abusers. Thirty graduate social work students who indicated that they sometimes become at least mildly angry toward parents or caretakers who physically abuse children participated in the study. The students who volunteered for the study were randomly assigned to three treatment conditions in a pretest/posttest control group design. Anger was aroused experimentally in the subjects using laboratory provocations which consisted of six imaginal interviews with abusive and non-abusive parents. The imaginal interviews were conducted in a language laboratory using an automatically synchronized slide-tape program. The systematic desensitization and cognitive self-control treatments consisted of two one-hour training sessions administered within the same week. / The criterion measures employed in the experimental study included (a) Reaction Inventory (Evans & Stangeland, 1971), (b) Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (factor analytic version--Bendig, 1962), (c) Hostility Scale Applicable to Verbal Samples (Gottschalk, Winget, & Gleser, 1969), (d) Self-Report Rating of Anger Scale (Novaco, 1975), (e) Self-Report Rating of Aggression Scale (Novaco, 1975), and (f) Self-Report Rating of Constructive Action Scale (Novaco, 1975). / Analysis of covariance of the experimental data indicated no statistically significant treatment differences on any of the six dependent measures. Although statistical significance was not achieved, the pre-treatment and post-treatment means showed changes in the desired direction on the six dependent measures for the systematic desensitization treatment group. The cognitive self-control treatment group means showed changes in the desired direction on five of the dependent measures. / The empirical results were discussed with reference to theoretical concepts of anger arousal, and the research literature on experimental studies of training procedures relevant to anger control.