Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5777.pdf: 2633134 bytes, checksum: a8fd748751cf0d16a942c6e743026f07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-04 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Recent demographic changes such as decreasing fertility rates and increasing life expectancy have favored intergenerational families. In this social context we use concepts from Social Skills Psychology, which focuses on the study of social interactions and interpersonal relationships. Social Skills (SS) are social behaviors that enable Social Compentence. There are different classes of SS: Assertiveness, Conversation and social resourcefulness, Emotional expressiveness, Empathy, Self-control. Interpersonal relationships have also been studied under the theoretical model of Intergenerational Solidarity (IS), which includes six dimensions: (1) Affectual (feelings and evaluations), (2) Associative (frequency and type of contact), (3) Consensual (agreement in opinions and values), (4) Functional (support), (5) Normative (expectations about obligations and norms) and (6) Structural (opportunity for interaction, due to geographical proximity) , and usually studied in association with conflict. Given that these two theoretical fields involve the interpersonal context of human development, it is possible to assume an interface between them. More specifically, social skills may be an antecedent condition favoring intergenerational solidarity. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate a possible interface between SS and IS, as well as relationship quality (RQ) among older parents and their adult children. The sample was composed of 69 parent-children dyads, ages 60 to 85 years for parents and between 25 to 50 years for the adult children. The dyads were separated according to the gender of the participants, yielding four types of dyads: Mothers and daughters (n = 17), Mothers and sons (n = 18), Fathers and daughters (n = 17), Fathers and sons (n = 18). Instruments were: IHSI - Del - Prette, IHS-Del-Prette, Scale of Intergenerational Solidarity, WHOQOL-OLD and Criterion Brazil. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Initially, an analysis was performed by judges: experts evaluated the possible semantic relations between items of the IS and SS. Subsequently, correlational analyses were performed for SS, IS, sociodemographic variables and Relationship Quality. In these analyses we found evidence of association among these variables. From this evidence, models were developed through structural equation models for dyadic analysis using the Actor -Partner Interdependence Model with two predictors (at a significance level of p < 0.05, with effect size - D Cohen equal to 0.15 and the statistical power of 0.80). SS classes were found to be predictors of dimensions of IS and Conflict in intra and intergenerational analyses. We discuss the implications of these findings for research, evaluation, intervention, training of health professionals, public policies and social programs. / As mudanças demográficas das últimas décadas (aumento na expectativa de vida, ingresso de mulheres no mercado de trabalho, casamentos tardios, divórcios) estão favorecendo a convivência entre diferentes gerações de uma mesma família. Nesse contexto situa-se a Solidariedade Intergeracional (SI), conceito oriundo da Sociologia. Este constructo foi elaborado a partir de evidências empíricas de estudos longitudinais e é composto por seis dimensões: (1) afetiva (sentimentos e avaliações), (2) conflituosa (percepções sobre tensão e divergências), (3) consensual, (concordância em opiniões e valores), (4) funcional (apoio), (5) normativa (expectativas sobre obrigações e normas) e (6) estrutural, (oportunidade de interação, refletindo a proximidade geográfica). Paralelamente, a Psicologia das Habilidades Sociais estuda as interações sociais sob a perspectiva das Habilidades Sociais (HS) e, mais especificamente, de suas diferentes classes como por exemplo, Assertividade, Conversação e desenvoltura social, Expressividade emocional. Considerando que esses dois campos teóricos estejam inseridos no contexto interpessoal do desenvolvimento humano, é possível supor uma interface entre eles em que as Habilidades Sociais poderiam ser condições antecedentes e favorecedoras da relacionamentos interpessoais mais positivos e, num sentido mais amplo, de Solidariedade Intergeracional. Adicionalmente, embora estudado em diversos países, o constructo da Solidariedade Intergeracional ainda foi pouco explorado no contexto brasileiro. Deste modo, o objetivo desta Tese foi avaliar uma possível interface entre HS e SI, bem como a qualidade do relacionamento (QR) entre idosos e adultos. Participaram deste estudo 69 díades de pais idosos e de filhos adultos, com idades entre 60 e 85 anos e entre 25 e50 anos, respectivamente. As díades foram organizadas de acordo com o sexo dos participantes, havendo, portanto quatro tipos de díades: Mães e filhas (n = 17), Mães e filhos (n = 18), Pais e filhas (n = 17), Pais e filhos (n = 18). Os intrumentos utilizados foram: IHSI-Del- Prette, IHS-Del-Prette, Escala de Solidariedade Intergeracional, WHOQOL-OLD, Critério Brasil. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e inferenciais. Inicialmente, foram realizadas análises de correlação para variáveis sociodemográficas, HS, SI, QR. Foram encontradas evidências de associação entre estas variáveis em níveis intra e intergeracionais. A partir destas evidências, foram desenvolvidos modelos de modelos de equação estrutural para análises díadicas por meio do Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, com dois preditores (ao nível de significância de p < 0,05, com tamanho de efeito - D de Cohen - igual a 0,15 e poder estatístico de 0,80). As Habilidades de Expressividade emocional parecem influenciar a SI Afetiva, enquanto as HS de Enfrentamento parecem influenciar o Conflito, e as HS de Conversação e Desenvoltura Social parecem influenciar as dimensões de SI Normativa. São discutidas as implicações destes resultados para pesquisa, avaliação, intervenção, formação de profissionais de saúde, formulação de políticas públicas e programas sociais.

Older adopted children and their families often express high need for support for attachment and trauma related concerns. Post-adoption mental health intervention focused on enhancing the parent-child relationship among adoptive parents and adoptees is essential for fostering placement permanency among these families. This single group pilot study explored the effect of Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) for adoptive parents of preadolescents who reported attachment related concerns, stress in the parent-child relationship, and child behavior problems. Participants were 11 adoptive parents ages 25 to 64 (55% male; 91% couples; 100% married; 56% European American, 27% Asian, 9% Hispanic, and 9% Black American) with adoptees between the ages of 8 to 14 (56% male; 56% Hispanic, 33% European American, and 11% Black American). All child participants were adopted out of foster care. Data was collected at baseline, pretest, midtest, and posttest. Results from non-parametric Friedman test of differences across 4 points of measure indicated that CPRT demonstrated statistically significant improvement for the 3 outcome variables: parental empathy, child behavior, and parent child relationship stress. Specifically, results indicated that prior to receiving CPRT (baseline to pretest), parents demonstrated no change or worsening in functioning across all variables, whereas during the intervention phase findings showed a large treatment effect for parental empathy, a medium effect for parenting stress, and a small effect for child behavior problems. Findings from this pilot study support CPRT as a promising mental health intervention for adoptive parents and preadolescent children. Clinical implications and recommendations for working with adoptive parents of preadolescents are explored within the context of these findings.

This randomized, controlled study examined the effectiveness of two mentoring programs, child mentor relationship training (CMRT) and peer assistance and leadership (PAL®), on high school mentor empathic behaviors and child mentee behavior problems. Participants were 60 young, at-risk students (61.7% male; 38.3% Hispanic/Latino/a, 31.7% Caucasian, 21.7% African American, 8.3% biracial) and 30 high school students (53.3% male; 66.7% Caucasian, 26.7% Hispanic/Latino/a, 0.03% African American, 0.03% Asian). Mentors and mentees were randomly assigned to CMRT or PAL®, which was treatment as usual in the participating school district. Results from 2 (group) by 2 (time) repeated measures ANOVAs indicated compared to the PAL® treatment group over time, mentors in the CMRT group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in empathic behaviors with a large treatment effect, as rated by independent observers. Analysis revealed a moderate treatment effect with CMRT group mentee behavior problems, but the difference was not statistically significant between treatment groups over time. Further analysis revealed the CMRT group demonstrated statistically significant reductions in behavior problems from pre- to post-test with a very large treatment effect. Overall, findings support CMRT as a promising school-based intervention for at-risk young children that potentially increases school counselor efficiency.

This study examined the relationship of group cohesion among heterogeneous and homogeneous groups on individual treatment outcome of child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT). CPRT is a filial therapy model that targets the parent-child relationship as a means for preventing or improving child and/or family problems. This study included 30 parents or caregivers from 9 groups which met for 10 sessions. Participants qualified for this study if their groups ended with at least 3 group members and 2 leaders, all pretest and posttest data on their child between the ages of 2-11 was completed, and if they attended at least 6 of the 10 sessions. Correlation coefficients, t-tests, and effect sizes were calculated. Results demonstrated no statistically significant differences between pretests and posttests on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for all 30 participants; however, differences in measured effect (η2) between children identified with borderline and clinical behavior problems and children with normal behavior problems suggest that CPRT is more effective among children who demonstrate significant behavior problems. Perceived and observed group cohesion measurements demonstrated no significant difference at the individual outcome level. This finding suggests that group cohesion may not be related to individual outcome. Although there was no significant relationship between group cohesion and individual outcome for this study, results of the group measurements regarding engagement and group cohesiveness, coupled with previous studies on CPRT effectiveness, suggest that CPRT should be utilized in homogeneous groups.