Games for change are games which allow players to learn and interact with real world issues through play in order to motivate participants to better the world. The research of this thesis presents the use of serious fames and casual games to measure and observe how awareness on children's poverty is achieved with game elements.

Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2012 / Refer to the document / University of Limpopo C. S. D.

As a contribution towards the UN Decade for Human Rights Education (1995-2004), this qualitative, comparative policy study investigated the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) within the Scottish and Canadian educational systems. The researcher adopted an inductive, grounded methodology which is argued to be most congruent when building theory is the chief aim (Glaser and Strauss, 1967; Glaser, 2005). During 20 months of fieldwork, 50 key informant interviews were obtained in Geneva, New York, Scotland and Canada. The author contends that postmodern thinking has contributed much towards contemporary childhood research, yet an underlying deconstruction of the CRC constrains theoretical development. To address this breakdown of overarching leitmotifs within the social sciences (Esping-Andersen, 2000), the sociology of human rights is utilised as a conceptual framework (Luhmann, 1965, 1982, 1997; Q'Byrne, 2003; Verschraegen, 2002). Furthermore, through the integration of grounded and autopoietic coding (Glaser, 2005), the interview texts revealed six thematic categories that contradict dominant theoretical approaches in the child rights literature. While descriptive and comparative analyses revealed the study's core category of participation, an interpretive analysis further yielded its core distinction of power. The author argues that Scottish efforts to implement the CRC within educational policies are more widespread than any of those currently underway within Canadian jurisdictions (Mitchell, 2002, 2003a, b). Finally, a grounded systemic child rights model developed from the study's methodological and epistemological integration illustrates how CRC knowledge and power are balanced within and across educational systems (Mitchell, 2005).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Freiburg (Schweiz). / Includes bibliographical references (p. xix-xxxviii) and index.

The high level of crime in South Africa raises the question about the failures of the criminal justice system on the one hand, and South Africa’s social policies on the other. Young people in South Africa can disproportionately be both victims and perpetrators of crime in the Republic of South Africa. The child accused in conflict with the law is dealt with in much the same way as their adult counterparts, as the criminal justice system was designed by adults for adults. South Africa became a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 19891(hereinafter referred to as UNCRC) on 16 June 1995. The UNCRC provides a backdrop to section 28 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act.2 Article 3(1) of the UNCRC provides as follows: “in all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be primary consideration.” South Africa is therefore according to article 40(3) of the UNCRC obliged to “establish laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children in conflict with the law”.3 In terms of article 40(1) of the UNCRC “State Parties recognise the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognised as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child’s sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child’s respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child’s age and the desirability of promoting the child’s reintegration and the child’s assuming a constructive role in society.”4 1 Adopted by the General Assembly resolution 44/25 on 20 November 1989. 2 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, Act 108 of 1996. Hereinafter referred to as the “Constitution”. 3 South Law Reform Commission Discussion Paper 96. 4 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted by the General Assembly resolution 44/25 on 20 November 1989. iv Synopsis 2003 states that “the Ratification of the UNCRC by the South African government in 1995 set the scene for broad-reaching policy and legislative change”.5 The Constitution includes a section protecting children’s rights, which includes the statement that children have the right not to be detained except as a measure of last resort and then for the shortest appropriate period of time, separate from adults and in conditions that take account of his/her age. 6 After being off Parliament’s agenda since 2003, the Child Justice Act7 has recently been reintroduced. The Act aims to ensure consistent, fair and appropriate treatment of the child accused in conflict with the law. The question arises whether the South African Criminal Justice system involving the child accused adequately recognises and protects the interests of the child accused, particularly in view of the present international legal position.

Child poverty is a troubling issue over the world. Many scholars and professionals have devoted themselves to alleviating and eliminating child poverty. However, hundreds of millions of children in the world are still suffering from poverty. In China, poverty is a serious social problem. Chinese government did intervene heavily in poverty alleviation in the last decades. But so far, compared to other social problems, the scholars and policy-makers in China have paid less attention to the issue of child poverty. In light of these developments, this study, based on a children's right perspective, sets out to identify the basic characteristics of urban child poverty as well as the basic needs of poor children. Further, it gauges urban poverty's social, economic and psychological impacts on the children and effects of current social policies. Qualitative methodology, including in-depth interviews and focus group methods, is adopted in this study. Some 19 poor families were interviewed in 2006-2007. / The main findings of this research are as follows: (1) There is no access to health insurance which threatens poor urban children's survival and health; (2) Educational fees, especially expensive compulsory education, compromise the right of development on the basic of equal opportunity. In addition, the existence of key schools and classes gives rise to educational stratification; (3) Basic rights of survival, development and protection of poor urban children are satisfied to a certain extent, but the right of participation is overlooked; (4) Poor families take on too much burden to realize children's rights and needs. Although the government provides some assistance, current social policies have many problems to meet the basic needs and they could not satisfy the child rights due to absence of and ineffective policies, strategies and social services; (5) Support from families, especially from grandparents, is indispensable for children's needs and rights. / This research reviews international experiences to draw attention in China to child poverty as well as to family and adult poverty, which will be helpful to future studies on this issue. We believe the Convention on the Rights of the Child is a basic policy framework to guide the implementation of children's rights and government obligations in China. Actually, the Chinese government should take a more positive attitude towards child poverty. More children's living and developmental indices should be collated and added in national statistics and more studies on child poverty should be encouraged. Universal and low-charge public social services, including education, health, social work and other basic welfare services, should be provided. Safety net and incentive employment policy should be implemented to secure poor people and stimulate them to get rid of poverty by employment. In brief, as a state party of The Convention on the Rights of the Child, Chinese government should work out more concrete policies and strategies to show respect to children's rights, and children's rights can be adopted as Chinese child policy model in the future. / 姜妙屹. / Adviser: Kwong-Leung Tang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-09, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 350-392). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Jiang Miaoyi.

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om die wesentfike behoefte aan alternatiewe tugmaatreels vir die leergeremde adolessent na te vors en riglyne vir altematiewe tugmaatreels op te stel. Die sensitiewe aangeleentheid van disstplinering en tug word nou grootliks aan die onderwysers se inisiatief oorgelaat, en dit terwyl onderwysers nie altyd voldoende onderle is in die nuwe benadering tot alternatiewe dissiplineringsmetodes nie. 'n Teoretiese ondersoek wat uitgevoer is, het die belangriKheid van die inagneming van die leergeremde .adolessent se unieke persoonlikheidstrekke by die toepassing van dissipline beklemtoon. 'n Ernpiriese ondersoek is met behulp van vraelyste uitgevoer by ses spesiale skole in die Gauteng..provinsie. Die empiriese navorsing het bevestig dat onderwysers by hierdie skole 'n behoefte het aan altematiewe tugmaatreels vir die leergeremde adolessent. Op grond van die literatuurstudie en die resultate van die empiriese ondersoek, is riglyne verskaf vir die opstel van alternatiewe tugmaatreels. / The aim of the study was to identify the need for alternative disciplinary measures for the learning disabled adolescent, and to formulate guidelines for the implementation thereof. At present, the sensitive issue of discipline and punishment is left to the discretion of the individual teacher, who may not always be fully conversant with the new approach to alternative disciplinary measures. A theoretical investigation emphasised the importance of the unique personatity traits of the learning diSabled adolescent that should be considered when disciplinary measures are applied. An empirical investigation was carried out by means of a questionnaire at six special schools in the Gauteng Province. The empirical study confirmed that teachers at these schools do need alternative disciplinary measures for the learning disabled adolescent Based on the literature study and the results of the empirical investigation, guidelines were formulated for alternative disciplinary measures for the learning disabled adolescent. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Spesialisering in Voorligting)

Text in Afrikaans / lnternasionale erkenning van die konsep van kinderregte skep die grondslag vir state om op nasionale vlak inisiatiewe te loads wat op die kweek van 'n kinderregtekultuur gerig is, wat sal meebring dat 'n sensitiwiteit vir kinderregte ontwikkel en prioriteit aan die beskerming van daardie regte verleen word. Dit is 'n omvattende taak wat grondwetlike bepalings raak en wetgewing en administratiewe programme vereis ten einde 'n balans te vind tussen ouers se aansprake op gesinsoutonomie en die strewe om in gepaste gevalle aan kinders die bevoegdheid te verleen om self besluite oar hul lewens te neem. Die belangeatweging vind plaas teen die agtergrond van die primere oorweging van die beste belange van kinders ten opsigte van aspekte wat hulle raak . . / International recognition of the concept of children's rights lays the foundation for states to launch initiatives on national level which are aimed at developing a culture of children's rights. This will lead to an increased sensitivity to children's rights and the fact that priority will be given to the protection of those rights. It is a wide·ranging task which affects constitutional provisions and requires legislation and administrative programmes in order to strike a balance between parents' claims to the autonomy of the family and the attempt to enable children, in suitable instances, to make decisions about their lives themselves. This weighing up of interests takes place against the background of the primary consideration of the best interests of children with respect to aspects which affect them. / Constitutional, International and Indigenous Law / (LL.M)

Univ., Diss.--Hamburg, 2003. / Literaturverz. S. 215 - 226.

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om die wesentfike behoefte aan alternatiewe tugmaatreels vir die leergeremde adolessent na te vors en riglyne vir altematiewe tugmaatreels op te stel. Die sensitiewe aangeleentheid van disstplinering en tug word nou grootliks aan die onderwysers se inisiatief oorgelaat, en dit terwyl onderwysers nie altyd voldoende onderle is in die nuwe benadering tot alternatiewe dissiplineringsmetodes nie. 'n Teoretiese ondersoek wat uitgevoer is, het die belangriKheid van die inagneming van die leergeremde .adolessent se unieke persoonlikheidstrekke by die toepassing van dissipline beklemtoon. 'n Ernpiriese ondersoek is met behulp van vraelyste uitgevoer by ses spesiale skole in die Gauteng..provinsie. Die empiriese navorsing het bevestig dat onderwysers by hierdie skole 'n behoefte het aan altematiewe tugmaatreels vir die leergeremde adolessent. Op grond van die literatuurstudie en die resultate van die empiriese ondersoek, is riglyne verskaf vir die opstel van alternatiewe tugmaatreels. / The aim of the study was to identify the need for alternative disciplinary measures for the learning disabled adolescent, and to formulate guidelines for the implementation thereof. At present, the sensitive issue of discipline and punishment is left to the discretion of the individual teacher, who may not always be fully conversant with the new approach to alternative disciplinary measures. A theoretical investigation emphasised the importance of the unique personatity traits of the learning diSabled adolescent that should be considered when disciplinary measures are applied. An empirical investigation was carried out by means of a questionnaire at six special schools in the Gauteng Province. The empirical study confirmed that teachers at these schools do need alternative disciplinary measures for the learning disabled adolescent Based on the literature study and the results of the empirical investigation, guidelines were formulated for alternative disciplinary measures for the learning disabled adolescent. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Spesialisering in Voorligting)