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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Les déterminants biopsychosociaux de la réadaptation de travailleurs accidentés du travail

Laisné, François 05 1900 (has links)
Malgré des années de recherches sur la douleur et les incapacités chroniques, peu de conclusions claires émergent quant aux facteurs de risque les plus pertinents. La majorité des auteurs s’entendent toutefois sur un fait, les troubles musculo-squelettiques et l’adaptation à leurs nombreuses conséquences est un processus complexe, multidimensionnel et déterminé par l’interaction de facteurs biopsychosociaux. Deux articles sont présentés avec comme objectifs généraux d’identifier les déterminants importants de l’ajustement à un trouble musculo-squelettique. Le premier article consiste en une recension des écrits systématique visant à résumer tous les facteurs pronostiques biopsychosociaux de l’ajustement multidimensionnel aux troubles musculo-squelettiques et examinant leur pertinence à déterminer ces divers indicateurs d’ajustement, principalement la participation au travail, les limitations fonctionnelles, la douleur, la qualité de la vie, la détresse psychologique et la rechute. Les 105 études prospectives recensées et correspondant aux critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion ont été analysés et chaque association significative a été résumée. Par la suite, 68 études qui ont inclus des facteurs sociodémographiques, biologiques, psychologiques et sociaux ont été analysées séparément. Leur qualité méthodologique a été évaluée, un niveau d’évidence a par la suite été établi pour chaque association entre les facteurs de risque et les diverses variables de résultats. Les divergences dans ces associations entre les différentes phases de chronicité ont également été identifiées. Un niveau d’évidence élevée a été découvert concernant le rôle des attentes de rétablissement, certaines pratiques de gestion intégrées de l’incapacité, les stratégies d’adaptation (coping), la somatisation, la comorbidité, la durée de l’épisode symptomatique et un niveau modéré d’évidence a été découvert pour les comportements de douleur. Lorsque vient le temps de prédire les divers indicateurs d’ajustement de sujets souffrant de troubles musculo-squelettiques, chacun tend à être associé à des facteurs de risque différents. Peu de différences ont été relevées lorsque les phases de chronicité ont été prises en compte. Ces résultats confirment la nature biopsychosociale de l’ajustement aux troubles musculo-squelettiques bien que les facteurs psychosociaux semblent être prédominants. Le second article est une étude prospective avec un suivi de 2 et 8 mois. Elle a été menée auprès de 62 travailleurs accidentés, principalement en phase de chronicité et prestataires d’indemnités de revenu de la CSST (Commission en Santé et Sécurité du Travail du Québec). L’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier les déterminants de l’engagement actif dans un processus de retour a travail par opposition à l’incapacité chronique, tout en adoptant une approche biopsychosociale. Cet objectif a été poursuivi en faisant l’étude, d’une part, de la pertinence de facteurs de risque ayant déjà fait l’objet d’études mais pour lesquelles aucun consensus n’est atteint quant à leur utilité prédictive et d’autre part, de certains facteurs de risque négligés, voire, même omis de ce domaine de recherche. Suite à des analyses multivariées, le genre, les attentes de rétablissement en terme de capacité à retourner au travail et l’importance du travail ont été identifiés comme des déterminants de l’incapacité chronique liée au travail. Après 8 mois, l’âge, la consolidation médicale, les symptômes traumatiques, le support au travail et l’importance du travail ont été également identifiés comme des déterminants d’incapacité chronique liée au travail. Ces résultats démontrent l’importance d’aborder l’étude de l’incapacité chronique et de la réinsertion professionnelle selon une perspective multidimensionnelle. Ces résultats corroborent également les conclusions de notre recension des écrits, puisque les facteurs psychosociaux ont été identifiés comme étant des déterminants importants dans cette étude. / Despite years of research on chronic pain and disability, there is yet little consensus on a core set of risk factors. One thing that most agree on, is the fact that musculoskeletal disorders and the adjustment to its consequences is a complex, multidimensional process determined by biopsychosocial factors interacting with one another. Two articles are presented with the overall goal of identifying significant determinants of adjustment to musculoskeletal disorders. The first article is a systematic literature review that aimed at reviewing all pertinent biopsychosocial prognostic factors of adjustment to musculoskeletal disorders and assessed their relevance in predicting multidimensional outcomes, namely work participation, functional disability, pain, quality of life, psychological distress and recurrence. The 105 prospective studies identified and fitting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed and all significant associations were summarized. Then, 68 studies that included sociodemoraphic and biopsychosocial risk factors were separately analysed for their methodological quality, level of evidence (LOE) was established for each association between risk factors and outcome variables and existing differences were highlighted between phases of chronicity. Strong evidence was found for recovery expectations, coping, somatization, comorbidity, duration of episode, disability management and moderate evidence was found for pain behaviours. When it comes to predicting different outcomes reflecting the adjustment process of subjects with musculoskeletal disorders, each tends to have a different set of predictors. Few significant differences were found according to phases of chronicity. These results support the biopsychosocial nature of the adjustment to musculoskeletal disorders with a predominance of psychosocial determinants. The second article is a prospective study with follow-ups at 2 and 8 months and was conducted on a sample of 62 mostly chronic occupationally injured workers receiving compensation benefits from the CSST (Quebec Workers’ Compensation Board). The study aimed to identify determinants of active involvement in a return to work process while adopting a biopsychosocial approach. It did so by investigating the pertinence of previously studied risk factors but for which no consensus yet exists, but also by investigating the pertinence of previously neglected or even omitted risk factors. After multivariate analysis, gender, work recovery expectations and importance of work were predictive of work outcomes at 2 months. After 8 months, age, medical consolidation, trauma symptoms, work support and importance of work predicted work outcomes. The results show the importance of approaching chronic work disability from a multidimensional perspective, although corroborating our literature review’s findings that psychosocial variables appear to be more significant predictors in this study.
2

Les déterminants biopsychosociaux de la réadaptation de travailleurs accidentés du travail

Laisné, François 05 1900 (has links)
Malgré des années de recherches sur la douleur et les incapacités chroniques, peu de conclusions claires émergent quant aux facteurs de risque les plus pertinents. La majorité des auteurs s’entendent toutefois sur un fait, les troubles musculo-squelettiques et l’adaptation à leurs nombreuses conséquences est un processus complexe, multidimensionnel et déterminé par l’interaction de facteurs biopsychosociaux. Deux articles sont présentés avec comme objectifs généraux d’identifier les déterminants importants de l’ajustement à un trouble musculo-squelettique. Le premier article consiste en une recension des écrits systématique visant à résumer tous les facteurs pronostiques biopsychosociaux de l’ajustement multidimensionnel aux troubles musculo-squelettiques et examinant leur pertinence à déterminer ces divers indicateurs d’ajustement, principalement la participation au travail, les limitations fonctionnelles, la douleur, la qualité de la vie, la détresse psychologique et la rechute. Les 105 études prospectives recensées et correspondant aux critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion ont été analysés et chaque association significative a été résumée. Par la suite, 68 études qui ont inclus des facteurs sociodémographiques, biologiques, psychologiques et sociaux ont été analysées séparément. Leur qualité méthodologique a été évaluée, un niveau d’évidence a par la suite été établi pour chaque association entre les facteurs de risque et les diverses variables de résultats. Les divergences dans ces associations entre les différentes phases de chronicité ont également été identifiées. Un niveau d’évidence élevée a été découvert concernant le rôle des attentes de rétablissement, certaines pratiques de gestion intégrées de l’incapacité, les stratégies d’adaptation (coping), la somatisation, la comorbidité, la durée de l’épisode symptomatique et un niveau modéré d’évidence a été découvert pour les comportements de douleur. Lorsque vient le temps de prédire les divers indicateurs d’ajustement de sujets souffrant de troubles musculo-squelettiques, chacun tend à être associé à des facteurs de risque différents. Peu de différences ont été relevées lorsque les phases de chronicité ont été prises en compte. Ces résultats confirment la nature biopsychosociale de l’ajustement aux troubles musculo-squelettiques bien que les facteurs psychosociaux semblent être prédominants. Le second article est une étude prospective avec un suivi de 2 et 8 mois. Elle a été menée auprès de 62 travailleurs accidentés, principalement en phase de chronicité et prestataires d’indemnités de revenu de la CSST (Commission en Santé et Sécurité du Travail du Québec). L’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier les déterminants de l’engagement actif dans un processus de retour a travail par opposition à l’incapacité chronique, tout en adoptant une approche biopsychosociale. Cet objectif a été poursuivi en faisant l’étude, d’une part, de la pertinence de facteurs de risque ayant déjà fait l’objet d’études mais pour lesquelles aucun consensus n’est atteint quant à leur utilité prédictive et d’autre part, de certains facteurs de risque négligés, voire, même omis de ce domaine de recherche. Suite à des analyses multivariées, le genre, les attentes de rétablissement en terme de capacité à retourner au travail et l’importance du travail ont été identifiés comme des déterminants de l’incapacité chronique liée au travail. Après 8 mois, l’âge, la consolidation médicale, les symptômes traumatiques, le support au travail et l’importance du travail ont été également identifiés comme des déterminants d’incapacité chronique liée au travail. Ces résultats démontrent l’importance d’aborder l’étude de l’incapacité chronique et de la réinsertion professionnelle selon une perspective multidimensionnelle. Ces résultats corroborent également les conclusions de notre recension des écrits, puisque les facteurs psychosociaux ont été identifiés comme étant des déterminants importants dans cette étude. / Despite years of research on chronic pain and disability, there is yet little consensus on a core set of risk factors. One thing that most agree on, is the fact that musculoskeletal disorders and the adjustment to its consequences is a complex, multidimensional process determined by biopsychosocial factors interacting with one another. Two articles are presented with the overall goal of identifying significant determinants of adjustment to musculoskeletal disorders. The first article is a systematic literature review that aimed at reviewing all pertinent biopsychosocial prognostic factors of adjustment to musculoskeletal disorders and assessed their relevance in predicting multidimensional outcomes, namely work participation, functional disability, pain, quality of life, psychological distress and recurrence. The 105 prospective studies identified and fitting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed and all significant associations were summarized. Then, 68 studies that included sociodemoraphic and biopsychosocial risk factors were separately analysed for their methodological quality, level of evidence (LOE) was established for each association between risk factors and outcome variables and existing differences were highlighted between phases of chronicity. Strong evidence was found for recovery expectations, coping, somatization, comorbidity, duration of episode, disability management and moderate evidence was found for pain behaviours. When it comes to predicting different outcomes reflecting the adjustment process of subjects with musculoskeletal disorders, each tends to have a different set of predictors. Few significant differences were found according to phases of chronicity. These results support the biopsychosocial nature of the adjustment to musculoskeletal disorders with a predominance of psychosocial determinants. The second article is a prospective study with follow-ups at 2 and 8 months and was conducted on a sample of 62 mostly chronic occupationally injured workers receiving compensation benefits from the CSST (Quebec Workers’ Compensation Board). The study aimed to identify determinants of active involvement in a return to work process while adopting a biopsychosocial approach. It did so by investigating the pertinence of previously studied risk factors but for which no consensus yet exists, but also by investigating the pertinence of previously neglected or even omitted risk factors. After multivariate analysis, gender, work recovery expectations and importance of work were predictive of work outcomes at 2 months. After 8 months, age, medical consolidation, trauma symptoms, work support and importance of work predicted work outcomes. The results show the importance of approaching chronic work disability from a multidimensional perspective, although corroborating our literature review’s findings that psychosocial variables appear to be more significant predictors in this study.
3

Índices de nitrogênio na planta e produtividade de tubérculos de batata-semente em sistema hidropônico de três fases / Indices of nitrogen in plant and tuber yield of seed potatoes in a hydroponic system of three phases

Silva Filho, Jaime Barros da 27 July 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1735506 bytes, checksum: 2f6410b3563d373c1c4860171aea2fee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this thesis was to characterize, in a three phases hydroponic system using sprout as a propagation material, the effect of nitrogen (N) on the fourth leaf from the apex (MS4F) N content and indicate the possible indexes to be used in the N diagnosis and to prognosis the potato tuber basic seed yield. Additionally, the objective was to determine the N rate to be applied continuously throughout the crop cycle in order to maximize the tuber production. The experiment was conducted in a non-heated greenhouse at the Federal University of Viçosa, located in UTM coordinate plane N = 7703227.057 m, E = 721773.150 m, referenced to the geodetic system WGS84, Zone 23S, with an average elevation of 649 m. The experiment consisted of two phases. The first was up to 21 days after sprout transplanting (DAT). The second, continuously at first, was from 21 to 55 DAT, when the plants were dry, and the tubers were harvest. In the first phase were evaluated four treatments in 12 repetitions in a randomized block design. The treatments were four levels of nitrogen (N): 0, 60, 100 and 200% of the 13.0 mmol L-1 N rate, considered as normal, applied continuously during the cycle. At this stage, measurements were made in the fourth leaf (4F) of the potato plant in order to generate indices of nitrogen. At 21 DAT, indices were evaluated in the plant and in the fourth leaf (4F). The evaluted indices in the plant were: total area of leaves (ATF), the dry mass of root (MSR), stem (MSH), leaves (MSF) and total (MST), number of leaves (NFP) and stem length (CH). In the fourth leaf were determined: area (A4F), thickness (E4F), number of leaflets (NF4F), length between node 4F (CEN), diameter of between node (DEN), dry matter (MS4F), intensity of green in the color table (TC), nitrogen balance index (NBI), chlorophyll (ICHL) of flavonols (IFLV), SPAD (IS) and nitrogen content (TN4F). The second phase began immediately after the assessments above mentioned with the treatments being the four previous N rates plus four N combination rates (100-0, 100-30, 100-60 and 100-200%). In the combination, the first rate was used up to 21 DAT and the second one up to the harvest. Thus, in the second phase were evaluated eight treatments, six repetitions in a randomized block design. In this second phase were evaluated: number of tubers (NT) and masses of fresh material (MFTU) and dried tubers (MSTU), root (MSR), stem (MSH) and leaf (MSF). The results were submitted to analysis of variance, regression and Dunnett test at 5% probability. At 21 DAT, the variables were significantly influenced by N rates, except ICHL measured by Dualex®. The characteristic values evaluated at 21 DAT are presented in a table as low, medium, good and great according to the N content in the MS4F due to the chronic deficiency (no N), sub-threshold (60% of the rate considered normal), threshold (100% of the rate considered normal) and without deficiency or excess (optimal dose), respectively. Among the non-destructive characteristics, CEN, DEN, and E4F presented higher coefficient of linear correlation (p<0.01) with the N content in the fourth leaf (TN4F), which can be used in the diagnosis of N status of potato plant. Except for CEN, DEN, CH, TC, E4F, NBI, IFLV and TN4F, there was a significant correlation between NT or MFTU with the other characteristics evaluated at 21 DAT that can be used in predicting the tuber yield. The rate of color intensity in the fourth leaf (TC) correlated significantly with NT, however, there was no significant correlation with MFTU. The SPAD index only significantly correlated with NT. For the purpose of prognosis for both NT and MFTU, it is recommended the index leaflet number in the fourth leaf (NF4F) because it allied two characteristics: non-destructive index and p<0.01. There was significant treatment effects on all variables at harvest. The optimal rate to be applied continuously to maximize of tuber fresh matter mass is 25.8 mmol L-1 N. / O objetivo desta dissertação foi caracterizar, em sistema hidropônico de três fases, utilizando-se broto como estrutura de propagação, o efeito de doses de nitrogênio (N) sobre o teor de N na matéria seca da quarta folha a partir do ápice (MS4F) e indicar índices possíveis de serem usados no diagnóstico do estado de N e no prognóstico da produção de tubérculos-sementes de batata da categoria básica. Adicionalmente, objetivou-se determinar a dose de N para ser aplicada continuamente ao longo do ciclo de cultivo visando a maximização da produção de tubérculos. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido do tipo capela, não climatizado, na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, localizada na coordenada plana UTM N= 7703227,057m, E= 721773,150m, referenciado ao sistema geodésico WGS84, zona 23S, com altitude média de 649 m. O experimento constou de duas fases. A primeira foi até 21 dias após o transplantio (DAT) dos brotos. A segunda, de forma contínua à primeira, foi dos 21 aos 55 DAT, quando as plantas estavam secas, realizando-se a colheita dos tubérculos. Na primeira fase foram avaliados quatro tratamentos em 12 repetições no delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos foram quatro doses de nitrogênio (N): 0, 60, 100 e 200 % da dose de 13,0 mmol L-1 de N, considerada como normal, aplicadas continuamente durante o ciclo. Nesta fase foram realizadas medições na quarta folha (4F) da planta de batata com o objetivo de gerar índices de nitrogênio. Aos 21 DAT, foram avaliados índices na planta e na quarta folha (4F). Os índices na planta foram: área total de folhas (ATF), massas de matérias secas de raiz (MSR), haste (MSH), folhas (MSF) e total (MST), número de folhas (NFP) e comprimento da haste (CH). Na quarta folha foram determinados: área (A4F), espessura (E4F), número de folíolos (NF4F), comprimento entre nó 4F (CEN), diâmetro do entre nó (DEN), massa da matéria seca (MS4F), intensidade do verde na tabela de cor (TC), índices de balanço do nitrogênio (NBI), de clorofila (ICHL), de flavonóis (IFLV), SPAD (IS) e teor de nitrogênio (TN4F). A segunda fase começou imediatamente após as avaliações acima citadas com as quatro doses de N da fase inicial mais quatro combinações de doses de N (100-0; 100-30; 100-60 e 100-200 %). Na combinação, a primeira dose foi usada até 21 DAT e a segunda até a colheita. Assim, na segunda fase foram avaliados oito tratamentos, em 6 repetições, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Nessa segunda fase foram avaliados: número de tubérculos (NT) e massas das matérias frescas (MFTU) e secas de tubérculos (MSTU), raiz (MSR), haste (MSH) e folha (MSF). Os resultados foram submetidos às análises de variância, regressão e teste de Dunnett a 5 % de probabilidade. Aos 21 DAT, as variáveis foram significativamente influenciadas por doses de N, exceto o ICHL medido pelo Dualex®. Os valores das características avaliadas aos 21 DAT são apresentados em uma tabela de classificação em baixo, médio, bom e ótimo de acordo com os teores de N na MS4F provocados pela deficiência crônica (ausência de N), sub-limiar (60 % da dose considerada normal), limiar (100 % da dose considerada normal) e sem deficiência ou sem excesso (dose ótima), respectivamente. Dentre as características não destrutivas, CEN, DEN, e E4F apresentaram maior coeficiente de correlação linear (p<0,01) com o teor de N na quarta folha (TN4F), sendo possível serem utilizadas no diagnóstico do estado de N da batata. Exceto para CEN, DEN, CH, TC, E4F, NBI, IFLV e TN4F, houve correlação significativa entre NT ou MFTU com as demais características avaliadas aos 21 DAT as quais podem ser usadas no prognóstico da produção de tubérculos. Os índices massa da matéria seca da haste (MSH) e massa da matéria seca de folhas (MSF) correlacionaram significativamente com MFTU, entretanto, não houve correlação significativa com NT. Já o índice SPAD somente correlacionou significativamente com NT. Para efeito de prognóstico, tanto para NT e MFTU, recomenda-se o índice número de folíolos na quarta folha (NF4F), porque aliou duas características: índice não destrutivo e p<0,01. Houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre todas as variáveis analisadas na colheita. A dose ótima a ser aplicada continuamente para maximizar a massa da matéria fresca de tubérculos é 25,8 mmol L-1 de N.

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