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Title: Muscle metabolism and its effect on physical condition in patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis Objective: Assess the status of muscle metabolism in patients starting hemodialysis and patients receiving hemodialysis long time, to determine some changes in muscle metabolism in both groups in the time period and ultimately assess its impact on physical condition and quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Method: Fill anamnestic questionnaire and examination of body composition using bioimpedence device (BCM) in the group of patients with chronic renal failure who are beginning to be treated with hemodialysis and a group of patients treated with hemodialysis for several years. Compare the results of both groups. To obtain additional information from medical records. Results: It was found that hemodialysis therapy affects the status of muscle metabolism in terms of reducing muscle mass (LTM). The dependence of LTM, however, the duration of hemodialysis treatment assays. The study showed that if patients are nutritionally stable and regularly engaged in some physical activity, loss of muscle mass is lower than in individuals who have a passive way of life. Keywords: chronic renal failure, hemodilysis, muscle metabolism, physical condition

(v AJ) Introduction: The literature indicates that progressive aging of the population leads to increasing number of elderly patients with chronic kidney failure, initiating long-term dialysis treatment. ERA - EDTA (European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association was issued in 2016 for treatment of elderly patients with advanced kidney disease. For easier orientation in the issue to withold or withdraw from dialysis therapy recommendations have been made in 2010 Renal Physicians Association (RPA). The issue of chronic kidney disease is also dealt with nurses organization The European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association (EDTNA/ERCA). Aim: The aim of this research was to point out the reasons, for which patients with chronic kidney failure decide to withold or withdraw from dialysis therapy. Methodology: The thesis was performed through a qualitative research. Data were collected by individual guided interviews. The research sample included five participants. Four individuals decided to withold or withdraw from dialysis therapy and were further followed in the pre-dialysis nephrology outpatient clinic. One participant, who initially had started dialysis therapy acutely, later repeatedly stopped it and started it again with the...

Crayfish plague is an emerging disease caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci, a pathogen listed among the 100 World's Worst Invasive Alien Species. It was introduced into Europe in the second half of 19th century from North America and caused collapses of European native crayfish populations. Nowadays, A. astaci is widespread in Europe and has spread also to other parts of the world, threatening all susceptible crayfish of non-North American origin. The aims of this MSc thesis were 1) to provide information about crayfish plague outbreaks from recent years, and by using microsatellite and mtDNA markers reveal A. astaci genotypes involved; 2) to test healthy-looking indigenous crayfish for potential occurrence of chronic infections by A. astaci in Czechia. Six new crayfish plague outbreaks were confirmed from 2016 to 2018, involving at least five distinct pathogen strains. My results provide first evidence of the A. astaci genotype group D causing Astacus astacus and Austropotamobius torrentium mass mortalities in Czechia. MtDNA sequencing revealed two haplotypes of the D haplogroup, indicating two independent sources of infection presumably either from ornamental crayfish or spreading from neighbouring countries. The genotype group A was recorded in two A. astacus mortalities and genotype group...

The thesis titled "The Level of Awareness and Analysis of Mistakes in the Use of Inhalation Systems in Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Diseases" maps the present problems of the care of patients with chronic diseases with bronchial obstruction whose medication contains some inhalation preparation. This thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empiric parts. The theoretical part deals generally with the issue of the care of patients with chronic pulmonary diseases, with focus on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, who formed the biggest part of the research sample of patients. It also focuses on their treatment and the principles of proper administration of medicines by means of inhalation systems. The empiric part focuses on the patients' awareness and skills and on their attitude to their own skills in these terms.

Nutrition plays a major role in the treatment and preventing the progression of renal disease. Malnutrition is the determining factor for morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Patients with renal disease tend to have reduced food intake, due to loss of appetite, depression, but also as a consequence of chronic inflammation or lack of antioxidant mechanisms. Poor nutritional status of these patients must be recognized early and treated. It is important to ensure adequate intake of energy, protein and calcium, and at the same time to reduce intake of potassium, sodium, phosphate and fluids. A supplementation of vitamins and micronutrients may be appropriate. The nutritional status should be checked regularly. The research part demonstrates the dependence of laboratory values on nutritional status and a positive effect of education on patients' compliance with the recommended diet.

Title: Comparison of the effectiveness of manual therapy and therapy using exercises in muscle postural ligations for painful neck syndromes. Objective: The main aim of this work is to compare commonly used physiotherapeutic techniques, exercise and mobilization, (manipulation) techniques in chronic, painful neck syndromes. Methods: The study involved a total of 30 probands with chronic neck pain, randomly divided into three groups of 10. In the first group the subject was health exercise, in the second group therapy with mobilization (manipulations) techniques and in the third group was a combination of both therapies. Probands were individually treated in five visits, 30 minutes for one visit. The evaluation methods were NRS, NDI and goniometry. The data was evaluated in Microsoft Office Excel. Results: The results showed that after 5 therapies there was a statistically significant reduction in pain on the NRS scale in all three groups. Within the NDI questionnaire there was a very small reduction in the ADL limitation, for all three groups, the changes were statistically significant. There were no changes in goniometry in any of the groups and changes were not statistically significant. Keywords: chronic neck pain, cervical spine, exercise, mobilization, NDI

This thesis deals with ecotoxicity tests of selected substances used in agriculture and horticulture. It is focused on the determination of acute and chronic toxicity of selected herbicides. These herbicides are sold commercially, specifically Finalsan (active substance is nonanoic acid), the product of Neudorff GmbH KG company, and Dominator (active substance is glyphosate, isopropylamine salt) by Dow AgroSciences Ltd. Next tested substances are potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate - common agricultural fertilizers. Potassium dichromate was also tested. Potassium dichromate is very toxic for aquatic environment and it is used as the standard in acute tests. Tests were carried out in terms of effects on aquatic systems, due to very good solubility in water of selected substances. The tests were performed on the organism Daphnia magna.

Nutritional therapy is very significant for dialysis patients. The basis of the diet in hemodialysis treatment is a sufficient energy intake, increased protein intake, which corresponds to the needs of the dialysis patient. It can be difficult for patients to grasp a change in their diet compared to the period of pre-dialysis treatment, constant monitoring of all dietary restrictions due to insufficient filtration capacity of the kidneys, and at the same time compiling a still varied and balanced diet. For this reason, it is more than desirable for patients to be provided with the possibility of regular nutritional education and consultation. This individual care is essential for improving the quality of the patient's life and adequate support for hemodialysis treatment. This work aims to evaluate the change in the composition of the diet of hemodialysis patients after regular nutritional education. In addition to the adjustment of eating habits, other anthropometric and laboratory parameters related to the nutritional status of dialysis patients were also monitored. Patients were divided into two groups, according to their preferences. The first monitored group recorded their meals by hand or electronically. Patients from the second control group did not record their diet, instead they tried to...

Viral hepatitis - knowledge of upper grade high school students This thesis is focused on the issue of all types of viral hepatitis. The work is divided into two large units. The first part is theoretical and provides a comprehensive overview of all types of viral hepatitis in general. It deals in detail with each type separately; it describes its characteristics, what causes it, its epidemiology, course, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The empirical part investigates the level of knowledge of students of third and fourth grade of high schools from a quantitative survey. It includes pedagogical research, whose task was to determine what knowledge students had acquired during compulsory education, and it also includes evaluation of this research.