The purpose of the dissertation Continuous Elimination Methods in Intensive Care in Prospective of Hospital Nurse is to inform about acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. These are major reason to use elimination methods at intensive care units and anesthesiological resuscitation departments. We further determine elimination issues. Continuous elimination methods in intensive care medicine are important medical treatment at acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Particularly, acute kidney injury belongs to frequent complications at critically diseased patients, therefore will be properly discussed. It is afraid, because decreased renal function leads to incapability to excrete waste products of metabolism and sustain homeostasis. Mortality at acute kidney injury is higher than at chronic kidney disease so support or renal replacement therapy, in order to save life, is the only accepted method of choice at present time. The techniques of renal support or replacement therapy are integral part of instensive care medicine. The aim of this thesis is to elaborate latest accessible findings and specialized nursing care at continuous elimination methods. Ve have tried to create integrated, comprehensible summary of knowledge of this topic. We expect these findings are fundamental to high-quality nursing at patients with this disorder. The dissertation was conducted as a method of review and synthesis. As long as this part is purely theoretical-based, it gathers informations from czech and also foreign sources. The data was acquired from scientific publications, technical papers, monographs and web. The outcome of this work can be used for further research of this topic or contribute to resource information for paramedical staff. In the thesis we analyze acute kidney injury, briefly chronic kidney disease, then we proceed through the history of dialysis and its specifications. These are closely explained. We focus on technical aspect of various elimination methods, the division, indication to initation, advantage and disadvantage, vascular access will also be described. The possibilities of anticoagulation have been defined, the types of membrane hemofiltrates and dialysators, substitutional and dialysing solutions have been characterized, the need of dietary measures has been emphasized. The complications that can happen during the use of elimination method have not been left out of consideration. We describe the intensive care units, nurse competencies, their work, monitoration, patients' and elimination unit preparation and vascular access care.

Abstract Objective: The research study is to characterize the nurses´ role in the prevention of chronic respiratory disease, focusing on smoking prevention. The next objective is to raise awareness among parents about the negative impacts of smoking on the health of their children. It was then established, how many informations have got parents smokers about adverse effect on the health of their children. In relation to these objectives was established six research questions. The way of achieving the objective: To achieve the objectives a method of qualitative research was chosen, which was implemented through in-depth interviews. On the basis of specified research questions were created individual categories for getting answers to the research questions. It was elected a methode of intentional choice. Survey research took place in outpatient offices in the districts Znojmo and Brno Venkov. 10 parents smokers and 10 nourses agreed to be interwieved through using a method of anonymous questioning. Scientific benefits: A research study presents an overview of the impact of smoking on the health of children, the possibilities for intervention in the prevention of chronic diseases of children and and helping their parents smokers in the treatment of tobacco dependence. It will find application in primarily preventive and inpatient care as well. The knowledges gained and their conclusions: Baby nurse has important and irreplaceable role in the healthy development of children and in the prevention of risks to their health. Risk behaviour of children and youth is currently a serious social problem. The educational efforts has to be directed to change lifestyle and its components and is connected with the support of health. The results of our investigation shows that parents smokers often underestimate the influence smoking on the health of their children and are not very willing to do something for children. Parents also underestimate the effect of passive smoking, even though most of them have sufficient information about the risks. Whereas, children usually can't decide on environment, where they live, health professionals would aim interventions to protect children including the unborn ones. Question of health education is included in the nurse´s competences and is ordered to the doctors and nurses by law. It is therefore desirable that paramedics, having used their authority, increase their efforts and interventions to promote non-smoking. Nurse can help the patient with motivation and treatment their addiction and intervene according to recommendations based on scientific evidences. To a short 10 minute intervention has nurse opportunity apply in every contact with the patient, during his visit at doctor´s office or at the hospital in the pacients admitted to hospital. At least ask about smoking and give the smokers clear recommandation how to stop smoking and offer clear advice to the treatment referred in the brochure, with information of the harmful effects of smoking on the health of children. Use for practice: The conclusions were accepted in the scientific magazine Pediatry for practice and magazine Florence.

The diploma work surveys the social impacts of ill people in dependence on dialysis treatment. The whole dialysis team?s interest is the effort to take care of the ill people in a way for them to feel at their best and for the chronic illness to have the least impacts on their common life. The aim of the treatment is not only their stabilized health condition, mental satisfaction and sanity but also the help with solving the social impacts that are brought with by the chronic kidney disease. Work of medical social worker in the dialysis team contributes not only to better understanding the dialysed people?s needs but it also influences mutually cooperation between clients and medical staff and thereby contributes to efficiency of the treatment.

This master thesis focuses on the integration of adults with multiple sclerosis, and offers a perspective on their quality of life. The theoretical part describes chronic diseases and their impact on the personality of the patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as patients' coping mechanisms. The main part of the thesis is dedicated to definition, progress, epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnostics and therapy of multiple sclerosis. Many patients are forced to change their lifestyle, employment and everyday activities due to multiple sclerosis. Therefore, one chapter of this master thesis is dedicated to the possibilities of their economical, social and cultural integration. In the empirical part, a scientific research was conducted using MSQOL-54 questionnaire, that determined the effect of multiple sclerosis on the patients' quality of life and their mental and physical health. The most significant negative factors impacting the quality of life were pain and fatigue, which are at the same time the most common symptoms occuring in patients with multiple sclerosis. Key words Multiple sclerosis, Chronical disease, Handicap, Integration, Quality of Life, Employment, Culture.

The principal aim of the thesis titled "Physiotherapy at Chronic Intensive Care Unit" (CICU) is to describe and analyze the not much known area of physiotherapy at the CICU and the various methods of its utilization. The thesis is structured in order to deal with the system at CICU, the typology of patients, physiotherapeutic methods and the ventilator modes. The patient should be taken care of by the multidisciplinary team which should cooperate in order to achieve a common goal - consecutive weaning followed by the liberating from the ventilator's support. The chapters about ergotherapy and psychological effects complete the overview of the topic. Practical part of the thesis consists of the survey file which represent the patient-family-doctor-physiotherapist point of view. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The diploma thesis deals with muskuloskeletal system disorders in hemodialysis pacients with chronic renal failure. Theoretic informations about the most frequent disorders of musculoskeletal system in uremic patients, patophysiologic consequences, clinical symptoms, posibility of investigations and common therapeutic management. Secondly this thesis interests about of annamnestic data, physiotherapeutic investigation and evaluation of the data. Aim of this study was supported importance of the physiotherapeutic intervention. Should be important complete the multidisciplinary team following long therm hemodialysis patients with physiotherapeut. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

and key words Enhanced activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and endothelin system (ES) plays the key pathophysiological role in the progression of hypertension and the chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to verify wheter the combined inhibition RAS and selective inhibition ETA receptor for endothelin 1 (ET-1) will show additive renoprotective effects in experimental model CKD. This therapeutic aproach was tested on the transgenic rats with mouse renin gen (TGR), to whome ablation nephrectomy (5/6 NX) was done in the age of 6 weeks. After next 6 weeks the relevant treatment was given in drinking-water: dual RAS blockade (trandolapril 6mg/L + losartan 100mg/L) or the combination of dual RAS blockade + inhibitor of ETA receptor (atrasentan 25mg/L). Results of the first series show 100 % mortality in untreated rats with 5/6 NX to the 30th week. Both type of treatments increased the survival rate up to 30 % in 5/6 NX TGR after the 50th week. In the second series influence of treatments on the blood pressure (BP) was monitored in 5/6 NX TGR, which had systolic BP over 210 mmHg. Both treatments decreased BP to the level normotensive rats and reduced heart hypertrophy. In the third series the results showed that treatment significantly decreased renal level of angiotensin II...

The thesis deals with the topic of ulcerative colitis and its psychosocial impact upon adolescents. The main goal of the thesis is to identify, through qualitative research, the psychosocial factors that influence the adolescent in his everyday life and to map the situations that are most difficult for the teenager. The topic is based on the theoretical part, which consists of information about the diagnosis and course of ulcerative colitis, treatment methods and complications connected with them. The theoretical part also deals with describing the psychosocial factors of ulcerative colitis and describing adolescence as the stage of an individual's life. The research part describes a qualitative research method that answers the main research question. The output of a qualitative research survey is 7 identified areas that are most influenced by ulcerative colitis during adolescence. Key words: Ulcerative colitis, adolescence, psychosocial factors, chronical disease, impact, handicap, social impact

HIV/AIDS is an illness that is more correlated than any other with high rates of stigmatization and discrimination. People diagnosed with this illness have to cope with a new potentially life threatning situation and stigmatized identity. Common social interactions or heath complications become a potential source of confrontation, which can endanger social relations, or damage and spoil the identity of people living with HIV/AIDS. This study jointly analyzes the concept of social and health risks, stigmatization and identity and focuses on the following: 1) The process of coping with the diagnosis and its impact on the identity and everyday life of people living with HIV/AIDS 2) The role of accessible social networks on the coping process with this illness and stigmatization; and 3) The strategies of health and social risk management used in connection with this illness. Awareness and acquisition of information on HIV/AIDS plays an important role in overcomming the initial shock of the diagnosis and coping with the disease. Thanks to the support of social networks, the diagnosed person can reach much easier and faster the so called "rational approach" to the illness and safely awknowledge and accept HIV/AIDS as a part of his or her life. People living with HIV/AIDS also face many risks. In this...

Quality of life and chronic diseases are globally debated topics with different definitions, where even the professional community struggles to define them. This paper attempts to provide definitions of these concepts and to relate them to the disease of CF. This very rare disease severely limits the functioning of the patient and the whole family. The empirical part targets the population of outpatients and inpatients with CF. Using a generic and a specific questionnaire, it tries to map the quality of life of the individuals concerned and to compare some psychometric qualities of both questionnaires. Data collection was performed on a sample of 34 individuals and the results show a satisfactory quality of life and better qualities of the specific CFQ-R 14+ questionnaire. In conclusion, the interaction between professionals, patients and their loved ones is very important to maintain the best quality of life in adolescents with CF.