Em contrapartida ao fast fashion está o slow fashion, uma busca pela retomada dos meios de produção da cadeia têxtil, da valorização das técnicas tradicionais de criação e desenvolvimento e da desasceleração do consumo. Parte deste movimento incentiva a volta ao aprendizado de técnicas manuais de tecimento, como, por exemplo, o tricô, o crochê, a costura em máquinas domésticas, o tear e até a fiação. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar e experimentar soluções ambientalmente sustentáveis para resíduos de malharia circular de algodão, utilizando técnicas manuais de tecimento, como o tricô e a matriz morfológica de Zwicky para desenvolver novos produtos de moda. Como matérias-primas principais foram utilizados resíduos de malha de três fontes: compra de novelos de produtores que trabalham diretamente com empresas que descartam as oréolas de malhas circulares; tecidos defeituosos descartados por empresas; peças descartadas por consumidores. A proposta para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos a partir de reuso de materiais, utilizou os seguintes métodos: o brainstorming, a matriz morfológica e o método de Pugh. Para a elaboração desse trabalho, foi feito um estudo bibliográfico da cadeira têxtil para compreender em quais momentos são gerados resíduos de malharia circular e como eles podem ser aproveitados para a elaboração do experimento deste estudo. Para direcionar ao ambientalmente sustentável, conceitos de sustentabilidade aplicados ao design e à moda, assim como conceitos de reciclagem, também foram estudados. A visão sobre técnicas manuais de tecimento e como estão inseridas no contexto atual de criatividade foi subsídio teórico para justificar a utilização do tricô para a experimentação e criação de peças de vestuário e acessórios. A geração de uma matriz morfológica de Fritz Zwicky foi a base metodológica para desenvolver novos produtos. O peso da matéria-prima resultou em produtos pesados para o uso em vestuário, mas aceitáveis para acessórios / Slow fashion opposes fast fashion as a search of reassuming the fashion productions means, valuing traditional handcrafts and slowing down consuming. This work aims to investigate and experiment environmentally sustainable solutions for circular knit waste, using handmade techniques like knitting and Zwickys morphological chart to develop new creative fashion garments. The works starts with a bibliographic study research on textile chain to understand in what circumstances the development of circular knit generates waste and how it can be used for this experiment. To base the study on environmentally sustainable solutions, a base study on fashion and design sustainability concept, as well as recycling, was also made. Handmade textiles, like knitting, and the creative view of handcrafts nowadays were also studied to justify it as a creative mean of experimentation for garments and accessories. Zwickys morphological chart generation was the methodological mean of developing new products. The use of circular knit waste to develop new products resulted in heavy garments, but it was well seen as a new yarn for handmade accessories

A Sequência Meta-vulcanossedimentar do Circular (SMC) constitui um conjunto de rochas supracrustais que estão totalmente circundadas por meta-granitóides ortoderivados, o contato entre eles é composto por falhas de cavalgamento e cisalhamento com transporte tectônico para S-SW. A SMC é composta por formações ferríferas intercaladas a plagioclásio-biotita xistos, granada-biotita xistos e metabasitos, interpretados como uma sequência meta-vulcanoclástica com meta-tufos, metasedimentos terrígenos e meta-vulcânicas com contatos concordantes entre si. Intrusões de metagabros e meta-granodioritos cortam a SMC e apresentam-se metamorfisadas. Paragêneses minerais formadas por granada+biotita+grunerita nas vulcanoclásticas e andesina+hornblenda+epidoto nos metagabros, indicam que estas rochas foram metamorfisadas em fácies anfibolito e retrometamorfisadas na fácies xisto verde, marcada por cloritização e sericitização. Evidências petrográficas indicam que houve pelo menos três eventos deformacionais na SMC, o mais antigo (Sn-1) é marcado por restos de charneiras e arcos poligonais intrafoliais a uma foliação principal Sn, a última (Sn+1) é formada por microfalhas rúpteis que deslocam a Sn. Diques e sills de metagabros metamorfisados em fácies anfibolito indicam que houve pelo menos um evento deformacional após sua colocação. Os meta-granitóides do embasamento da SMC estão associados a séries magmáticas cálcio-alcalinas e cálcio-alcalinas de alto potássio, com características geoquímicas sugestivas de colocação em ambiente sin-colisional. Meta-vulcânicas e meta-tufos de composição traqui-basáltica apresentam características que podem ser associadas a magmas básicos evoluídos, já os metagabros intrusivos possuem composição basáltica e apresentam características indicativas de que são geoquimicamente mais primitivos que as meta-vulcânicas. A partir de dados isotópicos de U-Pb em zircão foi obtida uma idade concordante de 2659 ±6Ma para uma intrusão meta-granodiorítica que corta as formações ferríferas e meta-vulcanoclásticas, definindo, assim uma idade mínima para a SMC. O embasamento da sequência é formado por meta-monzogranitos que apresentaram uma idade de cristalização de 2665 ±29Ma. Os metagabros apresentaram idade discordante de 2560 ±13 interpretada como idade mínima para a colocação dos mesmos. As evidências de campo, petrográficas, litoquímicas e geocronológicas permitiram inferir uma história evolutiva para as rochas da Sequência Meta-vulcanossedimetar do Circular. A área apresenta uma evolução antiga e complexa, com no mínimo três fases de deformação, três fases de magmatismo tanto básicos quanto ácidos, variadas fases de hidortermalismo e desenvolvimento de zonas de cisalhamento. Em uma porção localizada da SMC ocorre uma mineralização de cobre formada por brechas hidrotermais e formações ferríferas hidrotermalizadas, as primeiras são formadas por verdadeiros condutos hidrotermais que exibem feições de fraturamento hidráulico por pressão de fuidos e silicificação, os segundos são formações ferríferas que hospedam a mineralização de cobre com textura stockwork, possivelmente por servirem de armadilhas químicas para a precipitação de sulfetos. Os sulfetos principais são calcopirita e pirrotita. A ausência de deformação nos sulfetos sugere que sua origem esteja associada a eventos posteriores às deformações neoarqueanas, como por exemplo a granitogênese anorogênica paleoproterozóica. Evidências geológicas e geoquímicas indicam que a mineralização é do tipo IOCG. / The Meta-volcanosedimentary Circular Sequence (SMC) is a set of supracrustal rocks that are totally surrounded by meta-granitoids, the contact between them is tectonic composed by thrust fault and transcorrent fault zones with milonitic foliation and tectonic transport for S-SW. The SMC is formed by banded iron formations intersperced with plagioclase-biotite schists, garnet-biotite schists and metabasites, interpreted as a metavulcanoclastic sequence with meta-tuffs, meta-volcanics rocks and basic affinity terrigenous meta-sediments with concordant contacts with each other. Intrusions of metamorphosed gabbros and granodiorites cut the SMC. In metavulcanoclastic rocks, mineral paragenesis is formed by garnet + biotite + grunerite, in meta-gabbros andesina + hornblenda + epidote indicates metamorphism in amphibolite facies and retrometamorphism in green schist facies, marked by chloritization and sericitization. Petrographic evidences indicates a minimum of three deformational events in the SMC, the first (Sn-1) is marked by hinges remains and intrafolial polygonal arches in a main foliation Sn (second), the third (Sn+1) is formed by ruptile micro-faults, which move Sn. Dykes and sills of meta-gabbros metamorphosed in amphibolite facies indicate at least one deformation event after its placement. The SMC basement is composed by meta-granitoids with calcium-alkaline to calcium-alkaline with high potassium magma series, suggesting they were placed in a sincollisional environment. Metavulcanic rocks formed by traquibasaltic composition have characteristics that can be associated to more evolved basic magmas than meta-gabbros, witch have basaltic composition and characteristics that their protoliths were more primitive magmas. From the isotopic data of U-Pb in zircon, a concordant age of 2659 ± 6 Ma was obtained for a meta-granodioritic intrusion that cuts the banded iron formation and metavulcanoclastic rocks, thus defining a minimum age for SMC. The basement is formed by meta-monzogranites that presented a crystallization age of 2665 ± 29Ma. The metagabrro have a discordant age of 2560 ± 13 interpreted as minimum age for his placement. Field works, petrographic description, geochemistry data and geochronological evidences allowed to infer history evolution for the Circular Meta-volcanosedimetary Sequence. The area presents an old and complex evolution, with at least three phases of deformation four intrusion phases of basic and acid magmas, various stages of hidrothermalism and development of shear zones. In a localized portion of SMC, copper mineralization occurs through hydrothermal brecchia and iron formations. The brecchias are formed on hydrothermal conduits by hydraulic fracturing with fluids pressure and silicification associated, the hydrothermalized iron formations hosts the copper mineralization with stock work texture, possibly because they serve as chemical traps for the sulphides precipitation. The main sulphides are chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The absence of deformation in sulphides suggests its origin is associated with pos-neoarquean deformations events, such as the anorogenic paleoproterozoic granitogenesis. Geological and geochemical evidence indicates that cooper mineralization is a IOCG type.

[pt] Neste trabalho são analisados os campos modais em guias circulares contendo em seu eixo um carregamento cilíndrico dielétrico uniforme ou corrugado, identificando propriedades destes campos úteis a aplicações no projeto de ressoadores, filtros e alimentadores. Com o objetivo de apresentar uma aplicação da análise dos guias circulares com carregamento dielétrico, é feita a análise de um ressoador dielétrico cilíndrico apresentando- se sua carta modal relacionando suas freqüências de ressonância com o carregamento dielétrico. / [en] In this work the modal fields for circular waveguides with uniform or corrugated dieletric loads are analysed, and useful properties of these fields to applications such as ressonators, filters and antenna feeders are ecamined. As an application of the analysis of dieletric loaded circular waveguides, an algorithm is developed for the determination of ressonant frequencies of dieletric loaded ressonators, and the modal chart, relating ressonant frequencies to ressonator dimensions, is evaluated.

An experimental and computational study was made of a single circular jet impinging onto a flat ground board. A 1/2" nozzle running at a fixed nozzle pressure ratio of 1.05 was used in the experimental phase (giving an nozzle exit Reynolds number of 90xlO'), the nozzle to ground plane separation being varied between 2 and 10 nozzle diameters. Measurements were performed in the free and wall jets using single and cross-wire hot-wire anemometry techniques and pitot pressure probes in order to detemine mean velocity and normal and shear stress distributions. Some analysis is also presentedo f earlier measurementso n high pressurer atio impinging jets. Nozzle height was found to effect the initial thickness of the wall jet leaving the impingement region, increasing nozzle to ground plane separation increasing the wall jet thickness, although this separation distance did not seem to affect the rate at which the wall jet grew. Nozzle height was also found to have a large effect on the peak level of turbulence found in the wall jet up to a radial distan ce from the jet axial centre line of 4.5 nozzle diameters, after which the profiles become self-similar. Lowering the nozzle tended to increase the peak level measured in all the turbulent stresses within this development region. The production of turbulent kinetic energy in the wall jet, which is an indication of the amount of work done against the mean flow by the turbulent flow was found to increase dramatically with decreasing nozzle height. This was attributed to greater shearing of the flow at lower nozzle heights due to a thinner wall jet leaving the impingement region. A moving impingement surface was found to cause separation of the wall jet inner boundary layer on the 'approach' side leading to very rapid decay of peak velocity. The point of separation was found to occur at radial positions in the region of 7.0 to 8.0 nozzle diameters, this reducing slightly for lower nozzle heights. A parametric investigation was performed using the k-e turbulence model and the PHOENICS CFD code. It was found that due to inadequacies in the model, it failed to predict accurately the growth of the wall jet, both in terms of its initial thickness and the rate of growth. It did, however, predict an increase in wall jet thickness with both increasing nozzle height and exit turbulence intensity and decreasing nozzle pressure ratio. Modifications were made to the constants in the model to try and improve the predictions,w ith a limited degreeo f successT. he low Reynoldsn umber k-F-t urbulence model was shown to give a slightly improved non-dimensional wall jet profile, although this did not improve the predicted rate of growth of the wall jet.

With the advance of the modern information society, the importance of reliable identity authentication has increased dramatically. Using biometrics as a means for verifying the identity of a person increases both the security and the convenience of the systems. By using yourself to verify your identity such risks as lost keys and misplaced passwords are removed and by virtue of this, convenience is also increased. The most mature and well-developed biometric technique is fingerprint recognition. Fingerprints are unique for each individual and they do not change over time, which is very desirable in this application. There are multitudes of approaches to fingerprint recognition, most of which work by identifying so called minutiae and match fingerprints based on these. In this diploma work, two alternative methods for locating distinct features in fingerprint images have been evaluated. The Template Correlation Method is based on the correlation between the image and templates created to approximate the homogenous ridge/valley areas in the fingerprint. The high-dimension of the feature vectors from correlation is reduced through principal component analysis. By visualising the dimension reduced data by ordinary plotting and observing the result classification is performed by locating anomalies in feature space, where distinct features are located away from the non-distinct. The Circular Sampling Method works by sampling in concentric circles around selected points in the image and evaluating the frequency content of the resulting functions. Each images used here contains 30400 pixels which leads to sampling in many points that are of no interest. By selecting the sampling points this number can be reduced. Two approaches to sampling points selection has been evaluated. The first restricts sampling to occur only along valley bottoms of the image, whereas the second uses orientation histograms to select regions where there is no single dominant direction as sampling positions. For each sampling position an intensity function is achieved by circular sampling and a frequency spectrum of this function is achieved through the Fast Fourier Transform. Applying criteria to the relationships of the frequency components classifies each sampling location as either distinct or non-distinct. Using a cyclic approach to evaluate the methods and their potential makes selection at various stages possible. Only the Circular Sampling Method survived the first cycle, and therefore all tests from that point on are performed on thismethod alone. Two main errors arise from the tests, where the most prominent being the number of spurious points located by the method. The second, which is equally serious but not as common, is when the method misclassifies visually distinct features as non-distinct. Regardless of the problems, these tests indicate that the method holds potential but that it needs to be subject to further testing and optimisation. These tests should focus on the three main properties of the method: noise sensitivity, radial dependency and translation sensitivity.

Migration and re-migration of economically and socially marginalized Ethiopian women and girls has become a phenomenon. Based on interviews with 12 Ethiopian migrant women returned from the Middle East and the Gulf States, the primary aim of this thesis is to describe and study Ethiopian women migrants’ circular migration to the Middle East. I will mainly focus on how social dynamics in the family, gender relations and economic circumstances are intricate. The process of women’s migration and how the expectations of the family can be gender differentiated are discussed. Further, the migrant women’s power relation when class and ethnicity determine their position is discussed. Relations with the sending family and the issues related to the women who return, as well as problems affecting them at home and in the destination countries, are looked at. Various and complex issues of migration and the women’s roles are discussed with reference to the women’s experiences. Migration provides women with opportunities for social and economic mobility but can also subject them to ethnic discrimination, exploitation, and abuse. The movement is generally seen as voluntary labor migration and it has placed them in a vulnerable position both at home and abroad. Their migration is interconnected to the economic need but also the responsibilities they have towards their family and kin.

Abstract : Circular reinforced concrete (RC) members are often used in civil engineering structures, for instance, as piers and piles in bridge substructures. Also, their applications are frequently utilized as a fender and piling system for harsh water front and marine environments. Such members are usually reinforced with conventional steel bars and stirrups. Corrosion of steel reinforcement constitutes one of the major problems that shorten the lifetime serviceability and, hence, brittle failure of many concrete structures worldwide. In the last decade, the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials has been growing to solve some of these problems and increase the anticipated service life of RC structures, such as bridges, parking garages, tunnels, and marine structures. Recently, the use of FRP bars in soft-eyes, which are openings in retaining walls that will be pierced by tunnel boring machines (TBMs), is gaining popularity in the field of tunnel excavation. In recent years, the shear behavior of RC members reinforced with FRP bars has been the focus of many studies. Accordingly, several codes and design guidelines are available for the design of concrete structures reinforced with FRP bars under shear loads. These codes and design guidelines were developed based on experimental work on rectangular concrete members reinforced with FRP bars and stirrups. Yet, no research seems to have assessed circular concrete members reinforced with FRP bars and spirals under shear loads. In this research study, an experimental program was designed to investigate the shear behavior of circular members reinforced with glass FRP (GFRP) and carbon FRP (CFRP) bars, and spirals. A total of twenty full-scale circular RC specimens, with a total length 3,000 mm and 500 mm in diameter, were fabricated and tested experimentally under shear load. The specimens were divided to five series; series I contains two reference steel-RC specimens with and without spiral reinforcement. Series II contains three specimens internally reinforced with GFRP longitudinal bars and without spiral reinforcement. Series III contains five specimens reinforced with GFRP longitudinal bars and spirals (Type I). Series IV includes six specimens reinforced with GFRP bars and spirals (Type II), while series V includes four specimens totally reinforced with CFRP reinforcement. The experimental tests were performed at the structural laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke. The main objective of testing these specimens is to investigate the behavior of circular concrete members reinforced with GFRP or CFRP longitudinal bars and transverse spirals reinforcement. Several parameters have been studied; type of reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, shear reinforcement ratio (spiral diameter and spacing), and shear-span-to-depth ratio. The test results of the tested specimens were presented and discussed in terms of load deflection response, crack patterns and modes of failure, ultimate shear capacities, concrete, longitudinal, and spiral strains, effectiveness of FRP spirals, and beam action versus arch action through four journal papers in this dissertation. In addition, an analytical investigation was conducted to evaluate the validity and accuracy of available FRP shear design equations in codes and design guidelines, and to determine whether certain modifications should be introduced in order to make them suitable for circular concrete members reinforced with FRP bars and spirals. The tested specimens were also analysed using Response 2000 (R2K), which is based on the modified compression field theory (MCFT). Based on the finding of this investigation, the shear capacity of FRP-RC members with circular sections may be determined with the approaches developed for rectangular sections provided that certain modifications are made to take into account the effective shear depth, equivalent breadth, the mechanical properties and geometry of GFRP or CFRP spirals. Furthermore, a new equation was introduced to quantify the spirals contribution (V[subscript s[florin]]) in circular concrete members to account for FRP spiral inclination, curvature, and strength reduction as a result of the stretching process. The proposed equation provided more reasonably accurate predictions. / Résumé : Les éléments circulaires en béton armé sont largement utilisés dans les structures en génie civil, comme par exemple, les pieux et les piles de pont. Également, ils sont très utilisés dans les systèmes de pieux battus dans des environnements agressifs et marines. Ces éléments sont habituellement utilisés avec un renforcement interne en acier. La corrosion de l'acier est un des problèmes majeurs qui diminuent la durée de vie et peuvent même amener la structure à la ruine et ce, partout dans le monde. Dans la dernière décennie, utiliser des polymères renforcés de fibres (PRF) est une bonne solution aux problèmes précédents et augmente la durée de vie des structures en béton armé, comme les ponts, les stationnements, les tunnels et les structures marines. Récemment, l'utilisation des barres de PRF dans les murs-diaphragmes, qui sont des ouvertures dans les murs de soutènement percé avec de la machinerie d'excavation de tunnel, gagne en popularité dans le domaine de l'excavation de tunnel. Depuis quelques années, le comportement en cisaillement des éléments en béton armé de PRF a été étudié dans plusieurs recherches. Par conséquent, les normes et les guides de dimensionnement sont disponibles pour les efforts tranchants. Ils sont développés à partir des expériences en laboratoires sur des éléments rectangulaires. Par contre, aucune recherche a été fait sur les éléments circulaires renforcés de PRF avec des barres et des spirales sous un effort tranchant. Dans ce sujet d'étude, un programme expérimental a été développé pour regarder le comportement en cisaillement des éléments circulaires en béton armé de PRV de verre (PRFV) et de PRF de carbone (PRFC), pour les barres longitudinales ainsi que pour les spirales (transversales). Un total de 20 spécimens circulaire de grandeur réelle, avec comme dimension 3,000 mm de long et 500 mm de diamètre, ont été fabriqués et testés à l'effort tranchant. Les spécimens ont été divisés en cinq séries; la série I contient deux spécimens de références en acier avec et sans renforcement transversal. La série II contient trois spécimens ayant de l'armature longitudinale en PRFV avec et sans renforcement transversal. La série III contient cinq spécimens renforcés de PRFV (Type I) dans le sens longitudinal et transversal. La série IV comprend six spécimens renforcés de PRFV (Type II) dans le sens longitudinal et transversal. Finalement, la série V comprend quatre spécimens totalement renforcés de PRFC. Les essais expérimentaux ont été réalisés dans le laboratoire de structure de la Faculté de génie à l'Université de Sherbrooke. L'objectif principal est de tester ces spécimens pour étudier le comportement des poutres circulaires en béton armé avec des PRFV et PRFC pour le renforcement longitudinal et transversal (spiral). Plusieurs paramètres y sont étudiés : type de renforcement, le taux d'armature longitudinal, le taux d'armature en cisaillement (diamètre et espacement des spires) ainsi que le rapport portée en cisaillement sur la profondeur effective. Les résultats sur les spécimens sont présentés et discutés en terme de la flèche, du réseau de fissuration, du mode de rupture, de la capacité ultime en cisaillement, le béton, la déformation longitudinale et transversale, efficacité des spirales en PRF, l'action de poutre à arche sur quatre articles de journal discutés dans cette dissertation, une étude analytique pour évaluer la validité des équations disponibles dans les codes et les guides de dimensionnement et de déterminer si certaines modifications devraient être faites pour que les sections circulaires avec un renforcement complet avec des spirales en PRF soient mieux adaptées. Les poutres testées ont également été analysées en utilisant Response 2000 (R2K), où il est basé sur la théorie du champ de compression modifiée (TCCM). Basé sur les résultats obtenus, la capacité en cisaillement des éléments circulaires en béton armé de PRF a été déterminé avec l'approche d'une section rectangulaire mais en changeant certains paramètres pour prendre en compte la profondeur effective, la largeur équivalente, des propriétés mécaniques ainsi que la géométrie des PRFV et PRFC pour les spirales. De plus, une nouvelle équation est introduite pour quantifier la contribution des spirales (V[indice inférieur s[florin]]) des éléments circulaires pour prendre en considération l'inclinaison des spires, de la courbure et de la réduction de la résistance suite à l'étirement de la spirale. L'équation proposée permet de prédire raisonnablement la capacité en cisaillement.

Images, in contrast to text, represent an effective and natural communication media for humans, due to their immediacy and the easy way to understand the image content. Shape recognition and pattern recognition are one of the most important tasks in the image processing. Crime scene photos should always be in focus and there should always be a ruler be present, this will allow the investigators the ability to resize the image to accurately reconstruct the scene. Therefore, the camera must be on a grounded platform such as tripod. Due to the rotation of the camera around the camera center there exist the distortion in the image which must be minimized. The distorted image should be corrected using transformation method. Deze taak is nogal uitdagend en essentieel omdat elke verandering in de afbeeldingen kan misidentificeren een object voor onderzoekers. Forensic image processing can help the analyst extract information from low quality, noisy image or geometrically distorted. Obviously, the desired information must be present in the image although it may not be apparent or visible. Considering challenges in complex forensic investigation, we understand the importance and sensitivity of data in a forensic images.The HT is an effective technique for detecting and finding the images within noise. It is a typical method to detect or segment geometry objects from images. Specifically, the straight-line detection case has been ingeniously exploited in several applications. The main advantage of the HT technique is that it is tolerant of gaps in feature boundary descriptions and is relatively unaffected by image noise. The HT and its extensions constitute a popular and robust method for extracting analytic curves. HT   attracted a lot of research efforts over the decades. The main motivations behind such interest are the noise immunity, the ability to deal with occlusion, and the expandability of the transform. Many variations of it have evolved. They cover a whole spectrum of shape detection from lines to irregular shapes. This master thesis presents a contribution in the field of forensic image processing. Two different approaches, Hough Line Transformation (HLT), Hough Circular Transformation (HCT) are followed to address this problem. Fout estimatie en validatie is gedaan met de hulp van root mean square method. De prestatie van beide methoden is geëvalueerd door ze te vergelijken. We present our solution as an application to the MATLAB environment, specifically designed to be used as a forensic tool for forensic images.

In the aberration analysis of a wavefront over a certain domain, the polynomials that are orthogonal over and represent balanced wave aberrations for this domain are used. For example, Zernike circle polynomials are used for the analysis of a circular wavefront. Similarly, the annular polynomials are used to analyze the annular wavefronts for systems with annular pupils, as in a rotationally symmetric two-mirror system, such as the Hubble space telescope. However, when the data available for analysis are the slopes of a wavefront, as, for example, in a Shack-Hartmann sensor, we can integrate the slope data to obtain the wavefront data, and then use the orthogonal polynomials to obtain the aberration coefficients. An alternative is to find vector functions that are orthogonal to the gradients of the wavefront polynomials, and obtain the aberration coefficients directly as the inner products of these functions with the slope data. In this paper, we show that an infinite number of vector functions can be obtained in this manner. We show further that the vector functions that are irrotational are unique and propagate minimum uncorrelated additive random noise from the slope data to the aberration coefficients.

This thesis engages deindustrialization as a lived process and applies the concepts of precarity as they relate to communities navigating processes of deindustrialization. Through ethnographic interviews and participant observation research conducted over the summer of 2017 I examine the lived experiences of circular migrant labourers and their significant others, who live in the former coal town of Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, as they engage in strategies to keep their families in the community. I explore the continuities of industrialization, deindustrialization and labour; the history of work in the region; the present sacrifices that families make to stay in the communities; why families stay; and what they circular migrant labourers and their significant others imagine the future of the region will look like as they raise their children there. Further, as circular migrant labourers are away from home and their families for significant amounts of time, often at irregular schedules, I ask about the strategies that labourers and their families use to eke out a living in a marginalized community. I ask participants what it is like to have to leave the community for work; what it is like to stay behind while your significant other is away for work; what is it like to be home together; and what strategies are used to keep in touch. One such strategy is the use of internet communication technologies to negotiate physical and social distance. However, these technologies do not always necessarily make up for time spent away from loved ones. / Graduate / 2019-04-17