Public participation in selected procedures according to Building Act relating to the environment Summary The object of the thesis is to point out to the issue of inequality of rights of individual and rights of civil associations in planning and building procedure relating to the environment. The decisions resulting from the relevant administrative procedures could significantly affect visual aspects and quality of our environment therefore the public participation in these proceedings and decision-making process is one of the most important means for the public to influence their surroundings in terms of environmental protection. Yet the participation in relevant proceedings is not always expressly permitted by the law. The thesis could be categorized into four main content parts that are subsequently divided into separate sections and subsections. In the first part consisting of three main sections the thesis is focused on definition of the analyzed topic, general regulation of the relevant administrative procedures, the issue of civil associations and the process of its incorporation according to effective and adopted laws. The second part analyzes one of the fundamental topics of the thesis, i.e. the possibility of public participation in planning procedure. The thesis separately concerns with the...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 (Diego Vilhena.pdf: 818679 bytes, checksum: ba5d698980d4083e7c8aafe7f589db31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-06 / The public civil action stands out as an essential and important way to the transindividual law defense, not only for proposing the defense of this particular class of rights, but also for bringing innovation to the traditional lawsuit thought. Among the innovations, two are showed as essential: the enlargement of the judged thing boundaries and, mainly, the change in the legitimacy systematic to act. This last one was very relevant to the access to the transindividual conflict justice, which started having the possibility of being hold by civil associations. Besides both of them, the Ministério Público (kind of district attorney) and the Public Administration (direct and indirect) are legitimated to the proposal of the public civil action, however the associations, for presenting themselves as a longa manus of the society, would be very important for the citizen participation in the power, through the jurisdictional activity. / A ação civil pública destaca-se como um instrumento de fundamental importância para a defesa de direitos transindividuais, não só por proporcionar a defesa dessa classe particular de direitos, mas por trazer inovações ao pensamento processual tradicional. Dentre as inovações, duas aparecem como fundamentais: a ampliação dos limites da coisa julgada e, principalmente, a mudança na sistemática da legitimação para agir. Essa última foi de grande relevância para o acesso à justiça dos conflitos transindividuais, os quais passaram a ter a possibilidade de serem defendidos por associações civis. Além delas, o Ministério Público e a Administração Pública (direta e indireta) estão legitimados para a propositura da ação civil pública, porém as associações, por apresentarem-se como uma longa manus da sociedade, seriam um ente muito importante para a participação do cidadão no poder, por meio da atividade jurisdicional.

Nas últimas décadas foi instituído no Brasil um microssistema de processos coletivos, visando permitir a tutela dos direitos metaindividuais. No âmbito desse microssistema, o legislador atribuiu legitimidade ativa a alguns entes para defenderem em juízo tais interesses. Dentre esses entes estão órgãos ligados ao Estado, como o Ministério Público e a Defensoria Pública, e as associações as quais, hoje, são as representantes da sociedade civil entre os colegitimados ativos do microssistema de processos coletivos. A representatividade adequada é um dos pilares dos processos coletivos, na medida em que se presta a permitir a verificação da atuação dos legitimados ativos para a tutela dos interesses transindividuais. Isso porque a representatividade adequada é uma forma de assegurar a integral observância da garantia do devido processo legal no âmbito dos processos coletivos, nos quais os beneficiários da decisão que terão suas esferas jurídicas afetadas por ela não participaram diretamente. Apesar de a necessidade de verificação da representatividade adequada estar positivada em diversos ordenamentos, isso não ocorre no Brasil. Em vista disso, este estudo tem como objetivo verificar se, à míngua de prescrição legal que autorize a aferição da representatividade adequada, poderia o juiz realizar essa a análise, especialmente no que concerne às associações civis. A análise realizada passa pelo conceito de representatividade adequada e sua relação com a observância do devido processo legal. Em outro ângulo, enfocando-se a atuação das associações, procurou-se demonstrar que a aferição da representatividade adequada pelos juízes tem também a finalidade de coibir o abuso de direito e condutas atentatórias à boa-fé por parte das associações civis. Por fim, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa da jurisprudência pátria, buscando-se verificar de que forma os tribunais brasileiros têm aferido a representatividade adequada das associações no âmbito dos processos coletivos. / In the last decades it was established in Brazil a special system of class actions, in order to allow the protection of collective interests and rights. In this special system, the legislator assigned to some entities institution that has been assigned legitimacy to pursue such interests. Some of these entities are connected to the government, such as the Public Prosecutors Offices and Public Defenders, and the associations which are, nowadays, the representatives of the civil society among the entities with legitimacy to pursue collective interests and rights. The adequacy of representation is one of the touchstones of class actions, since it allows the verification of plaintiffs´ performance in the defense of collective interests and rights. That occurs because litigation by representative parties adjudicates basic due process rights of all class members, named plaintiffs must possess undivided loyalty to absent class members that will be bound by the decision issued. The rule that establishes mandatory verification of the adequacy of representation is set forth in several legal systems around the world, however that does not occur in Brazil. For this reason, this dissertation aims to determine whether the judge can verify the adequacy of the representation in Brazilian class actions especially in relation to associations, even though the law does not expressly authorize judges to do it. This dissertation/thesis includes an analysis of the concept of adequacy of representation and its relation with the due process of law. In another angle, this dissertation/thesis focuses on the performance of associations as plaintiffs in class actions, where in we try to demonstrate that the verification of adequacy of representation can help to mitigate the abuse of rights and acts contrary to good faith. Finally, we performed an analysis of a few cases, in order to verify the Brazilian courts understanding on the adequacy of representation of the associations in class actions.

Role of civil associations in environmental protection ABSTARCT (Zusammenfassung) Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Rolle eingetragenen Vereinen im Umweltschutz zu definieren. Eingetragene Vereine sind sog. Non-Profit-Organisationen, die das öffentliche Interesse am Schutz der Umwelt durchsetzen. Um diese Schlüsselfunktion zu erfüllen, müssen die Vereine als gleichberechtigter Partner der Staatsverwaltung betrachten werden. Ihre Hauptaufgaben umfassen vor allem praktische Naturschutz, Bildung und Aufklärung der Öffentlichkeit, Teilnahme an der Gesetzgebung des Umweltrechts als auch die Beteiligung an Entscheidungsverfahren in Umweltangelegenheiten. Alle oben genannten Aufgaben eingetragenen Vereinen im Umweltschutz gehören zum wichtigen Teil der Entwicklung offenen, und demokratischen Gesellschaft. Diese Arbeit besteht aus vier Hauptteilen, die weiter in Kapitel und Unterabschnitte unterteilt sind. Der erste Teil stellt die Einleitung des Themas dar, konzentriert sich auf die allgemeine konzeptionelle Grundlage und enthält drei Kapiteln. Das erste Kapitel widmet sich der Definition einer Non-Profit-Organisation und ihrer Bedeutung im Rechtstaat. Weiter konzentriere mich auf die Rechtsform eingetragenen Vereinen unter Berücksichtigung der Veränderungen des neuen Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches, das das Konzept des...

Dissertation describes managemenet and organisation of football club depending on organization size. It analyzes individual aspects of management and organisation of sports organizations concerning football clubs. For example, evaluation of level of management and organisation of sports organization, current approaches to management of organisation and football clubs financing. Dissertation practise shows pieces of knowledge of management and organisation of football clubs and recognizes specifics of organisation in football clubs of different size. Large and small clubs are represented by FC Vysocina Jihlava, Slavoj TKZ Polna a and TJ Jiskra Dobronin.

This master thesis concerns a transformation of the civil association into one of the legal forms, which were created along with the new civil code. A various analysis of transformation criteria have to be done, in order to decide which legal form is suitable. The tax impacts are one of the major criteria and therefore they are analysed separately. A recommendation of specific legal form and identification of regarding tax impacts are the main goals of this thesis.