Forschungsinfrastrukturen werden in Zukunft für die Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften eine ähnliche Bedeutung einnehmen, wie dies bereits in den Naturwissenschaften der Fall ist. Am Beispiel von CLARIN wird die technische Umsetzung eines Infrastrukturprojektes sowie die Interaktion mit der Nutzercommunity vermittelt. Für einen konkreten Anwendungsfall wird dargestellt, wie diese Infrastruktur fachwissenschaftliche Arbeit unterstützt. Dabei werden verteilte Daten und Werkzeuge genutzt, um Ressourcen zu finden, aufzubereiten, zu analysieren und die Ergebnisse zu visualisieren. / Research infrastructures will be of high importance in the humanities and social sciences, as it is already the case in the natural sciences. Using the example of CLARIN, the technical implementation of an infrastructure project and the interaction with the user community will be demonstrated. For a specific use case we show how this infrastructure supports scientific work. Distributed data and tools are used to find, process, and analyse resources and to visualize the results. / Les infrastructures de recherche occuperont à l’avenir la même place dans les sciences humaines et sociales que dans les sciences naturelles. L’article décrit la mise en oeuvre technique d’un projet d’infrastructure et de l’interaction avec la communauté des utilisateurs en se basant sur l’exemple de CLARIN (« Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure »). Il montre comment cette infrastructure soutient le travail de spécialistes à l’aide d’un exemple d’une application concrète. Dans cette application, des données et outils mis à disposition sont utilisés pour trouver des ressources, les traiter, les analyser et pour visualiser les résultats.

The focus of this thesis lies on the outstanding Spanish realistic and naturalistic novel of the 19th century known as La Regenta by Leopoldo Alas "Clarin". The thesis is divided into two parts, the first is oriented towards historical and cultural context of the novel's origin, biography of the author and general introduction of the novel. The second part of the thesis concentrates on a main character Ana Ozores de Quintanar, mainly from psychological and sociological perspective. Sole chapter is then dedicated to comparison of novels La Regenta and Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and its main heroines. The primary aim of the thesis is to study the main character Ana Ozores, her gradual formation and to analyze her relationship with other key characters of the novel and factors which brought heroine's demise in the end.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_m_me_bauru.pdf: 2176245 bytes, checksum: 0ed09b972622124c0ee9300b3f8ea929 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As notícias são artefatos lingüísticos que tratam e representam determinados aspectos da realidade, e na sua construção interagem fatores de natureza histórica, ideológica, pessoal, tecnológica e social; as notícias que temos nos meios de comunicação não são selecionadas e enunciadas simplesmente pelo acaso. As explicações para as notícias serem como são só terão interesses se nós pressupormos que não é óbvio serem o que são. Nesse sentido, esta investigação objetiva analisar, compreender e deter alguns sentidos pregnantes na imprensa argentina acerca do Brasil, pois não estamos convencidos de que as notícias apenas espelham o mundo exterior e imprimem os pontos de vista da classe dominante. A partir das Teorias da Notícia e da Análise de Discurso Francesa, pretendemos palmilhlar a teia noticiosa do jornal argentino Clarín, identificando que assim como a linguagem, o jornalismo é uma atividade opaca, não-transparente e que, portanto, nos dá muito mais um trato do que um retrato da realidade. O Brasil enunciado no Clarín carrega uma série de esteriótipos, formações discursivas reificadoras e legitimadores de uma imagem negativa que pode produzir no imaginário coletivo argentino, e em diferentes mediações sócio-culturais, uma concepção de Brasil vincada muito mais em critérios de noticiabilidade e de audiência, que em explicações plausíveis dos acontecimentos brutos que erigem no Brasil e são levados às páginas do Clarín. No afã de organizar e deter o caos - esse caldo amorfo que serve de cultura à confusão, ao inusitado e ao inesperado - o jornal Clarín, na construção do acontecimento na notícia, parece intoxicar e fazer perder a noção de funcionamento do mundo e do Brasil, ao mesmo tempo em que busca informar e esclarecer sobre o que ocorre por dentro da sociedade brasileira. / News is linguistic artifacts which treat and represent some reality aspects, and in its construction, historical, ideological, personal, technological and social factors interact; the news found in our means of communication is not merely selected and announced by chance. The explanations for the news being the way its is will only be of any interest if one assumes that it is not obvious that this news is real. In this sense, this investigation has the objective of analyzing, understanding and getting some remarkable senses in the Argentinean press about Brazil, because we are not convinced that news only reflects the outside world and expresses the dominant class' points of view. From the News Theory and the Frencg Stream of Discourse Analysis, we intend to search through the news line of the Argentinean newspapaer Clarín, identifying that just as the use of language, journalism is not a transparent activity and, therefore, its give us more of a treatment than a picture of reality. Brazil, when announced in Clarín, carries a series of stereotypes, reifying discursive formations and spreaders of a negative image which may produce in the Argentineans' imagination, and in sociocultural mediations, a conception of Brazil linked more to news audience criteria than to plausible explanation of the brute happening which arise in Brazil and are taken to the pages of Clarín. With the intention of organizing and restraining the chaos - this amorphous gravy which serves as culture to confusion, to the unusual and to the unexpected - the newspaper Clarín, in the construction of the event in the news, seems to intoxicate and to cause the losing of the world's and Brazil's functioning notion, at the same time it tries to inform and elucidate what happens within the Brazilian society.

Le syndrome d’Usher (USH) cause une surdité-cécité chez l’homme. Au moins neuf gènes responsables ont été identifiés. L’origine de l’atteinte auditive a été dévoilée par l’analyse de souris mutantes, mais les causes de la cécité sont encore obscures. Néanmoins, unes des protéines de Usher, la myosine VIIa, a été impliquée dans le transport intracellulaire dans les photorécepteurs. Pour mieux comprendre le rôle dans la rétine, j’ai étudié l’un de ses partenaires, la spectrine βV. Nous avons conclu que cette spectrine, en collaboration avec les protéines USH1, est impliquée dans le trafic cellulaire: elle couple les moteurs (myosine VIIA, kinesine II et le complexe dynéine/dynactine) à leurs cargos en route vers le segment externe des photorécepteurs. La combinaison d’études comparatives dans les cellules ciliées (CC) de l'oreille interne de grenouille et de souris, de tests biochimiques et d’analyses phylogénétiques indique que le transport vers et depuis la surface apicale des cellules est la fonction ancestrale de cette spectrine. Chez les mammifères, une pression évolutive a engendré le recrutement de la spectrine βV à la paroi latérale des CC externes auditives, probablement pour participer à une nouvelle fonction: l’électromotilité. Enfin, j’ai étudié l’origine de la surdité dans le syndrome d’Usher III. Le seul gène causal connu est CLRN1, qui code pour la clarine-1. Nous avons conclu que la clarine-1 est nécessaire à la maturation et le maintien des touffes ciliaires des CC. De plus, la clarine-1 est essentielle pour le regroupement des canaux calciques voltage-dépendants au voisinage immédiat de la machinerie exocytotique de la synapse à ruban des CC internes. / Usher syndrome (USH) causes a combined deafness-blindness in humans. At least nine causative genes are known. While the analysis of USH knockout mice has shed light on the origin of the auditory deficit, the causes of vision loss are still unclear. Nevertheless, USH1B protein, myosin VIIa, appears to contribute to intracellular traffic in photoreceptor cells. To better understand the role of this myosin in the retina, I studied the functions of its interacting partner, spectrin βV. We found that spectrin V, along with USH1 proteins, participates in intracellular transport by coupling motor proteins (myosin VIIa, kinesin II, dynein/dynactin complex) to the cargoes en route towards the outer segment of photoreceptor cells. Evidence from comparative studies in frog and mouse inner ear, biochemical assays and phylogenetic analyses point to cargo trafficking to and from the apical cell region, as the likely ancestral function of this spectrin. Our analyses also suggest that evolutionary pressures in the mammalian lineage drove the recruitment of spectrin βV to the lateral wall of auditory outer hair cells, probably to support a new function: electromotility. Finally, I explored the origin of hearing loss in Usher syndrome of type III (USH3). So far, the only causal gene known is CLRN1, which codes for clarin-1. The comparative characterization of two Clrn1 mouse mutants revealed that clarin-1 is required for the maturation and maintenance of the hair bundle in the hair cells. Moreover, our results indicate that clarin-1 is also essential to cluster the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in close proximity to the exocytotic machinery of the ribbon synapse of inner hair cells.

Für die Arbeit mit digitalen Sprachressourcen ist es wichtig, einen Standard zu entwickeln, der vorgibt, wie die Daten aufgebaut sind. CMDI (Component MetaData Infrastructure) bildet diesenMetadatenstandard für CLARIN und gibt den genauen Aufbau der Ressourcen vor. Je nach Anwendungsfall können dabei verschiedene Komponenten zusammengesetzt werden, um ein maßgeschneidertes Datenformat zu erhalten.

Forschungsinfrastrukturen werden in Zukunft für die Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften eine ähnliche Bedeutung einnehmen, wie dies bereits in den Naturwissenschaften der Fall ist. Am Beispiel von CLARIN wird die technische Umsetzung eines Infrastrukturprojektes sowie die Interaktion mit der Nutzercommunity vermittelt. Für einen konkreten Anwendungsfall wird dargestellt, wie diese Infrastruktur fachwissenschaftliche Arbeit unterstützt. Dabei werden verteilte Daten und Werkzeuge genutzt, um Ressourcen zu finden, aufzubereiten, zu analysieren und die Ergebnisse zu visualisieren.