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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves : [128]-155). Also available on the Internet.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 1999. / Spine title: Cellular immune responses to EBV. Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-178). Also available online through Digital Dissertations.

Este trabalho realizou uma comparação entre alguns dos principais códigos de transporte que empregam a abordagem estocástica de Monte Carlo para aplicação em cálculos dosimétricos em Medicina Nuclear. Foram analisados com detalhes os diversos modelos físicos e numéricos utilizados pelo código MCNP5 em relação códigos como Penelope e EGS. A identificação de suas potencialidades e limitações para solução de problemas microdosimétricos foram destacados. A metodologia condensada usada pelo MCNP resultou em valores para energia depositada normalmente menores, evidenciando uma conhecida característica do método das historias condensadas: o fato de subestimar tanto o número de colisões ao longo da trajetória do elétron quanto do número de partículas secundárias criadas. O uso de códigos de transporte como Penelope e MCNP em escalas micrométricas recebeu especial atenção neste trabalho. Códigos classe I e II foram estudados e seus principais recursos foram explorados visando o transporte de elétrons, que são de especial importância em dosimetria. Espera-se que a avaliação das metodologias disponíveis, aqui abordadas contribua para um maior entendimento do comportamento de tais códigos principalmente para esta classe de problemas, comuns em microdosimetria. / This study made a comparison between some of the major transport codes that employ the Monte Carlo stochastic approach in dosimetric calculations in nuclear medicine. We analyzed in detail the various physical and numerical models used by MCNP5 code in relation with codes like EGS and Penelope. The identification of its potential and limitations for solving microdosimetry problems were highlighted. The condensed history methodology used by MCNP resulted in lower values for energy deposition calculation. This showed a known feature of the condensed stories: its underestimates both the number of collisions along the trajectory of the electron and the number of secondary particles created. The use of transport codes like MCNP and Penelope for micrometer scales received special attention in this work. Class I and class II codes were studied and their main resources were exploited in order to transport electrons, which have particular importance in dosimetry. It is expected that the evaluation of available methodologies mentioned here contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of these codes, especially for this class of problems, common in microdosimetry.

To detect viral infections and tumors, CD8 T lymphocytes monitor cells for the presence of antigenic peptides bound to MHC class I molecules. The majority of MHC class I-presented peptides are generated from the cleavage of cellular and viral proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Many of the oligopeptides produced by this process are too long to stably bind to MHC class I molecules and require further trimming for presentation. Cytosolic aminopeptidases such as leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), which is IFN-inducible, Bleomycin Hydrolase (BH), and puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA) can trim precursor peptides to mature epitopes and have been thought to play an important role in antigen presentation. To examine the role of these aminopeptidases in generating MHC class I peptides in vivo, we generated mice deficient in LAP or PSA, as well as cell lines deficient in LAP, PSA, or BH. LAP mutant mice and cells are viable and grow normally, whereas PSA mutant mice are smaller than their wild-type and heterozygote littermates, are subfertile as adults, and are subviable as embryos. The trimming of peptides in LAP-deficient cells is not reduced under basal conditions or after stimulation with IFN. Similarly, there is no reduction in presentation of peptides from precursor or full length antigen constructs or in the overall supply of peptides from cellular proteins to MHC class I molecules, even after stimulation with IFN. After viral infection, LAP-deficient mice generate normal CTL responses to seven epitopes from three different viruses. Similarly, PSA deficient mice and BH deficient mice generate normal CTL responses to viral epitopes. These data demonstrate that LAP, BH, and PSA are not essential enzymes for generating most MHC class I-presented peptides and reveal redundancy in the function of cellular aminopeptidases in most cell types.

O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi comparar os resultados oclusais o tempo e a eficiencia do tratamento da ma oclusao de Classe I, realizado com e sem extracoes de pre-molares. Para tanto foi selecionada a partir das documentacoes do arquivo da Disciplina de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, uma amostra composta pelas documentacoes de 111 pacientes com ma oclussao de Classe I, e em seguida dividida em dois grupos que apresentaram as seguintes caracteristicas: Grupo 1, constituido por 65 pacientes (24 masculino e 41 feminino) com idade inicial media de 13,82 anos (minima de 10,69 e maxima de 22,04 anos), que foram tratados com extracoes de quatro pre-molares. Grupo 2, constituido por 46 pacientes, (16 masculino e 30 feminino) com idade inicial media de 14,01 anos (minima de 11,04 e maxima de 21,54 anos) tratados sem extracoes de pre-molares. Ambos os grupos foram tratados com aparelho fixo, utilizando a mecanica edgewise simplificada. As avaliacoes oclusais foram realizadas em modelos de gesso dos pacientes nas fases inicial e final utilizando o indice PAR. A avaliacao da compatibilidade no inicio do tratamento foi realizada por meio do teste do Qui- Quadrado e o teste t. As comparacoes entre os resultados oclusais, tempo e eficiencia do tratamento foram realizadas tambem por meio do test t e foi realizada a analise de regressao linear multipla para avaliacao das variaveis que poderiam estar relacionadas com o tempo de tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram que os grupos obtiveram resultados e alteracoes oclusais semelhantes, nao entanto, o tempo de tratamento foi menor e a eficiencia maior no grupo 2. Na analise de regressao linear multipla o modelo estatistico explicou 15% da variacao no tempo de tratamento, sendo que o protocolo de tratamento com extracoes foi a unica variável estatisticamente significante, a qual mostrou uma relacao direta com o tempo de tratamento. Pode-se concluir que, o tratamento com extracoes de pre-molares prove resultados oclusais e porcentagem de alteracoes oclusais semelhantes num maior tempo de tratamento, demonstrando por tanto um menor grau de eficiencia quando comparado ao tratamento realizado sem extracoes. / The objective of this retrospective study was to compare the occlusal outcomes, duration and efficiency of the treatment of Class I malocclusions carried out with and without premolar extractions. Accordingly, initial and final clinical charts and models of patients treated with fixed edgewise appliances were selected from the files of the Orthodontic Department at Bauru Dental School. Complete records of 111 patients were obtained and then divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 65 patients (24 male, 41 female), at an initial mean age of 13.82 years (range, 10.69 to 22.04 years) treated with four premolar extractions. Group 2 consisted of 46 patients (16 male; 30 female), at an initial mean age of 14.01 years (range, 11.04 to 21.54 years) treated without extractions. Initial and final occlusal evaluations were accomplished in study models of the patients using the peer assessment rating (PAR) index. Compatibility was evaluated with Chi-Square and t tests. The occlusal outcome, treatment duration and efficiency of the groups were also compared with t test and the variables that may be related to the duration of treatment were evaluated using the multiple linear regression analyses. Results showed that both groups had similar final occlusal outcomes and PAR reduction, however, Group 2 showed a significantly smaller treatment time and greater treatment efficiency index than group 1. In the regression analysis, the 9 selected variables explained 15% of the variance in treatment time and the extraction treatment protocol was the only statistically significant variable which was positively associated with treatment time. It can be concluded that premolar extractions influence significantly in treatment duration of Class I malocclusions and the use of this protocol provides the same occlusal outcome and occlusal improvement in a greater time and consequently less efficiency degree than non-extraction protocol.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第22648号 / 医科博第111号 / 新制||医科||7(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 生田 宏一, 教授 竹内 理, 教授 髙折 晃史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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