This thesis crosses the research fields of cultural policy and urban design, and examines the policies and political contexts of a new globally significant experiment in creative city development: the Seoul Digital Media City (DMC). The DMC is a newly built urban district, intentionally structured as a creative cluster. This research investigation opens by considering the concept of 'creativity', and the way it has recently animated national policies for urban, economic, as well as cultural, development. Throughout this thesis, the ever-present conundrum of 'East-West' cultural interchange persists, and the thesis attends to the challenges for research in understanding how major Western policy trends (like 'creative city' and 'creative cluster') are received, adapted and implemented, all the while subject to the specific requiremenets of national Asian policy aspirations. The thesis traces the developmental trajectory of the DMC project, and in the context of explaining its rationale, it conveys the various ways in which the DMC articulates a confluence of political ideals. It presents the main discursive influences of the Creative City trend on South Korea and particularly the municipal government of its capital, Seoul. It explains the political and economic contexts on which Creative City discourse has gained traction, along with the significance of the subsequent 'Korean Wave' phenomenon. Largely from an engagement with the literature of the creative city discourse, this thesis articulates fresh criteria for an empirical analysis of the DMC, suitably contextualized by observations on the local contexts of Seoul city urban development and planning. These criteria are used in a case analysis examination of the DMC, which in turn generate further discussion on the implications for adapting Western Creative City policies. The central dimension of the case analysis concerns the assessment of the 'creative' content of the DMC, and the terms by which we can define the DMC as creative. The case analysis, however, demonstrates that 'creativity' in the DMC is both compromised and fraught with conceptual paradoxes, particularly with regard the issues of authenticity and identity. Nonetheless, the thesis suggests ways in which a substantive role for arts and culture could provide pathways for development.

This study explores how the immigration status of the 'asylum seeker' impacts upon notions of 'identity', 'community' and 'belonging' whilst claiming asylum in the UK. By taking a narrativedialogical approach this research explores the stories that have been constructed around 'asylum' by policy, those working with 'asylum seekers' and 'asylum seekers' themselves. This research looks at how the 'official' narratives of asylum are operationalised and delivered by workers contracted to implement government policy. The study also explores how those making a claim for asylum narrate their lives whilst living in dispersal sites in one region of the UK with particular focus paid to exploring how asylum and dispersal impacts upon 'identity' and 'belonging'. The data for this project was generated in three phases. In the first phase of data generation ten asylum support managers participated in semi-structured interviews. These managers worked for local authorities in the Region planning the strategy and delivery of the National Asylum Support Service (NASS) policies to 'asylum seekers' accommodated locally. The second phase of the research also included workers involved in delivering NASS support but in a service delivery role. Twenty-two people from across the Region were invited to attend three separate focus groups. The third and final phase of the research involved the participation of ten 'asylum seekers', living in dispersal sites across the Region, in lengthy narrative interviews. The data was analysed using narrative analytical techniques informed by the work of Clandinin and Connelly (2000) and Riessman (2004) around thematic narrative analysis and guided by the theory of 'dialogism' (Bakhtin, 1981). The research revealed that integrating a narrative-dialogical approach to understanding the casylum' experience has allowed space for a piece of research that appears to 'fit' into the fife worlds of the 'asylum seeker'. Moving toward a theoretical stance of dialogism has made it possible to explore an alternative way in which the production of narratives relate to both the personal and the social world of the individual. Rather than discounting the possibility that conflict and contradiction can exist in personal narratives simultaneously this research has shown that by taking a narrative-dialogical approach embraces the schizophrenic quality that appears to punctuate the narratives of exiles and 'asylum seekers'. The research has also shown that those contracted to operationalise and deliver NASS support to asylum seekers are not reduced to simple ventriloquists in the support process. Instead what has emerged are support service workers that take a creative and active role in interpreting their 'roles' to be conducive with the perceived needs of their organisation, the 'community' and the 'asylum seeker'. Narrating their work as a 'quest' support service workers can be seen as active and often 'heroic' in the way in which they act as a 'buffer' between the policies designed by NASS and the asylum seekers they support. By using Bakhtin's notion of authoritative and internally persuasive discourse (Bakhtin, 1981), support service workers can be seen to be adhering to components of the 'official' or authoritative discourse whilst at the same time transforming other components that are not seen as internally persuasive. From the narrative accounts generated with 'asylum seekers' it emerged that conflict and contradiction appeared to confound their attempts to produce narrative coherence. This conflict and contradiction appeared to suggest a good deal of psychological tension as 'asylum seekers' attempted to narrate; feelings of belonging, the balance between security and uncertainty and their feelings of 'home' and identity. What appeared was a dialogical quality to their narrative accounts which emphasised simultaneity but due to their restricted inunigration status did not have the 'privilege' of being both/and. Rather what emerged was a dialogical structure that can be seent o be characterisedb y the tension of being 'in between' but being 'neither/nor'. Such a position restricts the ability to 'move and mix' (Hermans and Kempen, 1998) in their new milieu as they are held in stasis and limbo by the multiple voices spoken by the 'asylum system'.

This research provides a sociological understanding of front line hospitality staff, focusing particularly on waiters and pursers that are employed on cruise ships. Its purpose is to evaluate the complexities and richness of their work and social experiences as they negotiate, create and justify their identities and community formations in the unique and under-researched environment of a cruise ship. Conceptually, the research investigates the inevitable and inextricable links between identity, work and community to explore their perceptions of themselves, others and their world. To comprehend some of the complexity of work and life, the study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods through online questionnaires and interviews. The methods used are both guided and to some extent restricted because of the lack of co-operation from the firms involved towards carrying out research on cruise ship workers. An online questionnaire, able to reach a mobile and transient population, is exploratory and descriptive in focus offering a preliminary opportunity to highlight key indicators of relationships and patterns in a field where there has been little research. To further develop understanding, data was gathered from twenty semi structured interviews and was analysed thematically and metaphorically. The broader thematic analysis identified how space, time and the system of the ship had an impact upon one‟s occupation and relationships, while the deeper metaphor analysis was able to creatively gather an “insider‟s” view of the participant‟s work, community and cruise ship environment. What is clear, from this study, is that all participants created a ship-based identity, which was different from how they perceived themselves on land. Being an environment that is unique, workers have to adapt, adopt and sacrifice - their previous identity has to be reshaped to meet the criteria of the place and system of the ship. Waiters were significantly more likely to define themselves and their world based upon their occupational perceptions and relationship with management, while pursers reflected upon their social and personal opportunities as a tool for self definition. The outcomes of the research present an exploratory, in-depth account of the working lives of hospitality workers on cruise ships. The findings will be of value and relevance to cruise ship operators when tackling social issues relating to the employment of cruise ship workers.

Orientador: Leoncio Martins Rodrigues Netto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / O exemplar do AEL pertence a Coleção CPDS / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T01:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DelRoio_MarcosTadeu_M.pdf: 8895420 bytes, checksum: 95388ae6bffd54b502338dab22a02621 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1988 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência Política

Bibliography: pages 236-242. / This thesis is an exploratory endeavour to investigate 'white' and 'coloured' schooling and the relationship between this schooling and performance in Sociology at the University of Cape Town. It investigates these aspects using a number of methodologies. The first chapter reviews the South African literature on the relationship between schooling and university performance and how schooling is generally portrayed. It then proceeds to lay a theoretical basis for investigating schooling and how schooling influences performance in Sociology. The theoretical framework was significantly influenced by my empirical research. In this chapter, although the primary focus is on white and coloured schooling, some attention is also given to African schooling. The theoretical framework stresses the relative autonomy of the school and the importance of the social class origins of pupils. It illustrates that the social class composition of a school is crucial in shaping the pedagogical process and academic achievement. It shows that schools in the same educational authority can be very different primarily due to the differing class origins of their pupils. This is illuminated firstly, by reviewing the literature in this area and secondly, empirically; for example, by showing how matric results are clearly related to a school's class composition. The second chapter is a statistical investigation of the relationship between schooling and Sociology results at the University of Cape Town. It examines the Sociology results of students who have emerged from schools under the white educational authorities and compares them to the results of students who have emerged from schools under the Department of Internal Affairs educational authority. It indicates that the differences are often not statistically significant and thus that the racial structuring of the educational system does not necessarily lead to students who have emerged from the white educational authority schools being academically superior. It also investigates the relationship between matric aggregate/matric English symbols and Sociology results. It illustrates that although a relationship generally does exist there are also many individual exceptions. The third chapter is based on in-depth interviews with Sociology students, school teachers and principals. Drawing on the interview material it argues that different types of schools can be identified. Each type is dominated by a specific pedagogical process and students who attend one type are more likely to be prepared for Sociology than students who attend another type. This section thus draws on, substantiates and develops the theoretical framework outlined in chapter one and moves beyond the purely statistical approach of chapter two. The fourth chapter summarises the results of a questionnaire survey. It endeavours to assess the relationship between social class, schooling and Sociology results. It thus complements the proceeding chapters. An important finding is that a very small proportion of students who enter the Sociology Department are of working class or lower petit bourgeois origins. A second important finding is that very few students felt that they were prepared by their schooling for Sociology.

<p> Commutative semigroup equations are described, and rules of inference for them are given. Then a skeleton sublattice of the lattice of equational classes of commutative semigroups is described, and a partial description is given of the way in which the rest of the lattice hangs on the skeleton.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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The conception of British West Indian societies as structured into a hierarchy based on skin color is firmly embedded in the scholarly literature and the popular mind, as is the assumption that the free colored became the "brown middle class." Using a wide variety of archival documents, as well as a series of family histories, this study argues that these assumptions both misinterpret the relation between class and skin color, and obscure the changing nature and membership of each class. It traces the emergence of two middle classes in Antigua, the first of which developed after emancipation in 1834 and lasted until the mid-1890s, and the second of which developed in the late nineteenth century and lasted until the arrival of the U.S. armed forces to build a base in 1940. Part 1, "Sugar and Empire," discusses the political economy of sugar and the planter class that controlled it as both developed from colonization until the late 1890s. It outlines the problems of sugar production and labor control, which culminated in a major economic, political, and social crisis in the mid-1890s, and describes the negotiations that led to the arrival of outside capital to take control of the sugar industry. Part 2, "The Class Called Coloured, 1834-1900," begins with a discussion of the free colored in Antigua and then uses a sample of families to trace the emergence and decline of the "first" middle class, which had its roots in the free colored population. Part 3, "Arrivance, 1900-1940," turns to an analysis of the "second" middle class, tracing a sample of families from their roots in the nineteenth century to their ascent into the middle class in the beginning of the twentieth. It describes their education, their economic and occupational roles, their politics, and their social life. It ends with a discussion of the demise of this class, by-passed by the working-class-led trade unions and disoriented by the social upheaval caused by the arrival of the American armed forces.