Inadequate nutrition in preschool-aged children in an urban indigenous community outside of Santo Domingo, Ecuador has a negative impact on growth and development. Nutritional assessments have shown that children are underweight and that there are some effects of stunting and wasting in the population. This study was conducted to assess the extent of food security in this indigenous community in preparation for addressing two of the Millennium Development Goals for 2015: reducing the under-five child mortality rate by two-thirds and eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. An aim was to validate on-site assessment measures in this indigenous community regarding geographic circumstances, transportation, food culture systems and other barriers to food intake. These are interrelated and impact nutritional data collected on Tsáchila families in Ecuador. Mixed methods research were conducted to examine the factors that contribute to nutritional intake. The results showed observed food intake was less than food intake reported on the FFQ. Micronutrient and macronutrient levels, weight-for-height and height-for-age measures were below the WHO standard deviations for Z-scores for this population.

The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic of perceived benefits and barriers associated with cooking meals at home. The findings will be used to design a social marketing campaign promoting healthy home-cooked meals. Participants included 64 SNAP-eligible mothers throughout the state of Kentucky aged 21-49 years with young children. Eight focus groups were conducted in four metro and four non-metro counties. A mixed methods approach was used to examine behaviors such as where families purchase foods, the types of foods purchased, family cooking skills and habits, and family time management. Results from this study show women regularly incorporate home-cooked meals into their lives. Three major themes evolved from analysis: learning more about preparing healthy, home-cooked family meals; the important relationship of families and cooking, and the dread of kitchen cleanup following a meal. Data from the written survey provided information regarding eating and cooking patterns in a week, important meal characteristics, relative confidence in cooking skills, and Internet and social media use.

Abnormal cortisol levels may be an important factor in the ability of an individual to lose weight and maintain weight loss. This study examined overweight and obese individuals who participated in a weight loss program. Cortisol, physical activity, and weight loss were measured at regular intervals and examined for possible relationships

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cornacini_mcm_dr_botfm.pdf: 480494 bytes, checksum: b0bc2df21341fdbd2b117efc1905a4b8 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Diversos estudos, indicam que o cogumelo Agaricus brasiliensis é benéfico em várias condições clínicas, como na hepatite C. Várias espécies de cogumelos comestíveis têm sido exploradas quanto ao seu potencial medicinal e muitos pacientes passam a buscar a solução para suas patologias nas terapias complementares. Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação do Agaricus brasiliensis sobre o estado nutricional, a frequência e a intensidade dos efeitos adversos da terapia antiviral e a resposta bioquímica hepática em indivíduos com hepatite C em tratamento com Interferon peguilado e Ribavirina. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico prospectivo controlado casualizado duplo cego no Serviço de Hepatites Virais do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP. Os indivíduos do estudo foram submetidos a um protocolo de suplementação com cogumelo ou placebo por 24 semanas, e foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: Grupo tratado com placebo (5g/dia n=14) e Grupo tratado com cogumelo (5g/dian= 9).Todas as análises foram obtidas antes e após os tratamentos (placebo ou cogumelo). O estado nutricional (dados antropométricos, de composição corporal, da bioquímica nutricional e do consumo alimentar), foi semelhante entre os grupos. Houve melhora da lesão hepática em ambos os grupos, com redução de transaminases (TGO/AST e TGP/ALT, p<0,05), mostrando a eficácia do tratamento antiviral.O uso do cogumelo mostrou-se benéfico na redução da frequência e intensidade dos efeitos adversos da terapia medicamentosa (mialgia, disgeusia, cefaléia, redução do desejo sexual, queda de cabelo, hipoanorexia, indisposição, boca seca e irritabilidade, p<0,05). Em pacientes com hepatite C, a suplementação de cogumelo Agaricus brasiliensis (5g) por 24 semanas mostrou-se eficiente em reduzir a frequência... / Several studies indicate that the Agaricus brasiliensis is beneficial in various clinical conditions, such as hepatitis C. Several species of edible fungi have been explored as to its potential medical and many patients now have to seek a solution to their condition in complementary therapies. Objective: To evaluate the effects of supplementation of Agaricus brasiliensis on the nutritional status, the frequency of adverse effects of antiviral therapy and liver damage in patients with hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. We performed a prospective trial randomized controlled double-blind in the service of Viral Hepatitis Hospital of the Medical School of Botucatu, UNESP. Those in the study were subjected to a memorandum of supplementation with mushroom or placebo for 24 weeks, and were randomly distributed in the following groups: placebo-treated group (5g/dia n = 14) and mushroom-treated group (n 5g/dia- = 9). All tests were obtained before and after the treatments (placebo or mushroom). The nutritional status (anthropometric data, body composition, nutrition and biochemistry of food intake), was similar between the groups. There was improvement of liver damage in both groups, reducing transaminase (AST / ALT and AST / ALT, p <0.05), demonstrating the effectiveness of treatment antiviral use of the mushroom was shown to be beneficial in reducing the frequency and intensity of the adverse effects of drug therapy (myalgia, dysgeusia, headache, reduction in sexual desire, hair loss, hipoanorexia, malaise, dry mouth and irritability, p <0.05). In patients with hepatitis C, the supplementation of Agaricus brasiliensis (5) for 24 weeks proved to be effective in reducing the frequency and intensity of the adverse effects of drug therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, and on the other hand, was inefficient for nutritional status and liver damage.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Kevin L. Sauer / Carol W. Shanklin / Management responsibilities in the dietetics profession are typically aligned with foodservice operations. Clinical Nutrition Managers (CNMs) are registered dietitians with administrative responsibilities for clinical nutrition services within a healthcare facility. However, no studies have clearly delineated the current responsibilities of CNMs or their level of educational preparedness for this important role. Conceptually, a gap exists between the necessary skills and knowledge required for CNMs. Focus groups, cognitive interviews, and pilot testing were used to develop an audit instrument to measure CNM practice. This audit included 84 tasks in eight job categories. The instrument was distributed online to a national sample of CNMs to assess their involvement, education preparedness, and gaps in education needed for the role. The relationships between responsibilities, educational preparedness, and self-efficacy to perform the job were investigated. Of the 84 tasks, 73 were deemed core activities [80% of CNMs (n=214) were involved in some capacity]. Significant differences were found in frequency of involvement based on size of facility (number of patient beds) and employer type. Generally, CNMs perceived importance of receiving education higher for a majority of the tasks (80 of 84). Mean scores for the level of educational needs met varied more between tasks. Clinical nutrition managers rated educational needs being met lowest for tasks within the managing financial resources category. Gap analyses revealed that the highest educational priorities were for ensuring compliance with regulations and managing human and financial resources. Categorical self-efficacy was predicted by both the educational gap and educational preparedness for some categories. Significant predictors for overall self-efficacy were the self-efficacy of the general (β = 0.203, p=0.007) and managing financial resources (β = 0.178, p=0.014) categories. Significant differences were found in overall self-efficacy based on education level [F(3, 209) = 3.881, p=0.010] and length of employment as a CNM [F(4, 208) = 7.517, p<0.001]. This research can serve as a current benchmark for CNM practice. Results allow educators, managers, and the professional association to better inform students and practitioners about the leadership role. These findings may also assist others in creating leadership development programs, certificates, or graduate degree options specific for CNMs.

Television (TV) reaches more people than any other medium which makes it an important source of health information. Since TV ads often offer information obliquely, this study investigated implied health messages found in food and nutrition TV ads. The goals were to determine the proportion of food and nutrition ads among all TV advertising and to use content analysis to identify their implied messages and health claims. A randomly selected sample of TV ads were collected over a 28-day period beginning May 8, 1987. The sample contained 3547 ads; 725 (20%) were food-related. All were analyzed. About 10% of food-related TV ads contained a health claim. Twenty-five representative ads of the 725 food ads were also reviewed by 10 dietitians to test the reliability of the instrument. Although the dietitians agreed upon whether a health claim existed in a televised food ad, their agreement was poor when evaluating the accuracy of the claim. The number of food-related ads dropped significantly on Saturday, but the number of alcohol ads rose sharply on Saturday and Sunday. Snack ads were shown more often on Thursday, but snack commercials were also numerous on Saturday morning and afternoon, as were cereal ads. Ads for snack foods accounted for the greatest proportion of ads (20%) while fast food accounted for only 7%. Alcohol constituted about 9% of all food and nutrition ads.

N.A.

The relationship between nutrition and athletic performance has become a topic of increasing interest in college athletics. This study assessed the effect of nutrition education on the nutrition knowledge and dietary adequacy of female and male college athletes through a pre-test/post-test, control group design. Six weekly lessons were offered to the experimental groups. For female athletes, a two sample t-test indicated significant differences on gain scores for the experimental group (p

Malnutrition (MN) is prevalent worldwide in hemodialysis patients (HDP); however it has not been assessed in HDP living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MN in HDP at the Jeddah Kidney Center as well as to determine if the 7-point subjective global assessment (SGA) correlates with anthropometric [Body Mass Index (BMI), Tricep Skinfold Thickness (TSF), Mid-Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC)], or biochemical (albumin) measurements. In a cross sectional, descriptive study, 270 HDP were assessed for MN. Over half of the HDP were malnourished, with 47.8% moderately and 6.3% severely malnourished. Fifty-eight percent of HDP did not adhere to their diet prescription. As albumin, BMI, TSF, and MAMC decreased, malnutrition became more severe (p < .01). Patients who were female (OR=.43, p=.001), older (OR=.45, p=.001), with no education (OR=3.10, p=.001), underweight (OR=3.56, p<.001), small TSF (OR=1.12, p=.001), and small MAMC (OR=1.15, p=.001) were more likely to be malnourished. The prevalence of MN is high in these HDP. A consistent nutritional assessment protocol is warranted and should be implemented to decrease MN in Saudi HDP.

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the weight reduction advice in popular women's magazines. An apparent proliferation of articles on weight reducation in the mass media and women's magazines have been critized as faddist by some professionals. Regardless of this concern, a standardized method of evaluating any diet remains noexistent. To achieve the purpose the study was conducted in three parts: a Field Test, a Validity Study and a Reliability Study. An Article Evaluation form, which listed the negative characteristics of a faddist weight reduction article was constructed as the instrument. The characteristics were developed by reviewing various critiques of popular weight reduction regimens in the literature and selecting negative items from those critiques. The Article Evaluation was evaluated by requiring experts to rate the importance of each characteristic. Both forms were revised based on the results of the Field Test. The Validity Study was conducted by selecting 30 experts, at random, from a list of all experts who had authored or co-authored an article published in the 1979 issues in one of three professional journals in the nutrition field, and having them complete a revised Instrument Evaluation form. The Reliability Study consisted of having three local dietitians with Master of Science degrees rate the same eight articles from popular women's magazines using the revised Article Evaluation form. The data was analyzed using the Friedman Two-way Analysis of Varience (ANOVA). The results of the Validity Study indicated that all thirteen characteristics were either somewhat or very important. Based on this, it was concluded that the instrument was valid. The results of the Reliability Study indicated that, except for one characteristic,,there was no statistically significant difference at the .10 level (df=2) in the evaluations of the raters, therefore it was concluded that the instrument was reliable.