Malaysian Farmers' Organisations (FOs) strive to achieve both social and economic objectives. However, the achievement of economic objectives are often emphasised in appraising their performance. Thus, many FOs tend to be categorised as poor-performing. To identify factors influencing farmers' behaviour towards FOs, and factors affecting FO financial performance, solvency and self-financing potential, this study utilised data from a survey conducted on 418 farmers, statistical reports of the Farmers' Organisation Authority, and the 1985 and 1986 Auditor's Reports on 149 FOs in Peninsular Malaysia. Two logit models indicated that members' familiarity with FO officials is the most significant variable influencing positively farmers' decisions to join and subsequently to support FOs. One way to attract many non-members who indicated their willingness to join FOs is by easing the procedure for membership. Although total FO assets had increased markedly since 1973, members' paid-up share capital only financed about 11 per cent at the end of 1986. Accumulated profits and statutory reserves had contributed significantly to the growth of FO equity capital. However, the poor collectability of accounts receivable had an adverse effect on FO liquidity positions. A log-linear regression model indicated that stock turnover, assets per share, business diversification, per member administrative expense and the ratio of cash to current liabilities significantly affected FO financial performance. A semilog regression model indicated that FOs solvency positions were positively affected by sales per member, and negatively by the ratio of operating expense to operating income, percentage of bad debts, stock turnover and the ratio of current assets to paid-up shares. The total incomes of most FOs in 1986 were lower than their estimated break-even volume of business, mainly due to low gross margin rates resulting from high rates of operating expense and/or low mark-up. Thus, about 12 per cent of FOs have the potential to become self-financing.

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This thesis examines the potential of housing co-operatives to provide adequate housing for women, focusing on the context of Nairobi, Kenya. The limitations of the current approaches to housing provision in Kenya are discussed, along with their gendered implications. A review of the potential benefits which housing co-operatives provide for women is conducted. As part of this examination, a multi-scalar analysis of the housing co-operative sector in Kenya illuminates the role of gender mainstreaming policies and their role in addressing discrimination and inequality in the housing sector in Kenya. A case study of Rooftops Canada’s gender mainstreaming work in Kenya is used to provide examples of gender mainstreaming work being undertaken in the housing co-operative sector. This case study also provides insight into the role of international donors in gender equality work in Kenya’s housing co-operative sector.

This thesis examines the potential of housing co-operatives to provide adequate housing for women, focusing on the context of Nairobi, Kenya. The limitations of the current approaches to housing provision in Kenya are discussed, along with their gendered implications. A review of the potential benefits which housing co-operatives provide for women is conducted. As part of this examination, a multi-scalar analysis of the housing co-operative sector in Kenya illuminates the role of gender mainstreaming policies and their role in addressing discrimination and inequality in the housing sector in Kenya. A case study of Rooftops Canada’s gender mainstreaming work in Kenya is used to provide examples of gender mainstreaming work being undertaken in the housing co-operative sector. This case study also provides insight into the role of international donors in gender equality work in Kenya’s housing co-operative sector.

This thesis examines the potential of housing co-operatives to provide adequate housing for women, focusing on the context of Nairobi, Kenya. The limitations of the current approaches to housing provision in Kenya are discussed, along with their gendered implications. A review of the potential benefits which housing co-operatives provide for women is conducted. As part of this examination, a multi-scalar analysis of the housing co-operative sector in Kenya illuminates the role of gender mainstreaming policies and their role in addressing discrimination and inequality in the housing sector in Kenya. A case study of Rooftops Canada’s gender mainstreaming work in Kenya is used to provide examples of gender mainstreaming work being undertaken in the housing co-operative sector. This case study also provides insight into the role of international donors in gender equality work in Kenya’s housing co-operative sector.

This thesis examines the potential of housing co-operatives to provide adequate housing for women, focusing on the context of Nairobi, Kenya. The limitations of the current approaches to housing provision in Kenya are discussed, along with their gendered implications. A review of the potential benefits which housing co-operatives provide for women is conducted. As part of this examination, a multi-scalar analysis of the housing co-operative sector in Kenya illuminates the role of gender mainstreaming policies and their role in addressing discrimination and inequality in the housing sector in Kenya. A case study of Rooftops Canada’s gender mainstreaming work in Kenya is used to provide examples of gender mainstreaming work being undertaken in the housing co-operative sector. This case study also provides insight into the role of international donors in gender equality work in Kenya’s housing co-operative sector.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University. BLDSC no. DX72763/87.

This research examines submissions from the co-operative sector in response to the exposure of Draft Interpretation D8: Members' Shares in Co-operative Entities (D8) to analyse their responses to the classification of co-operative member shares under D8. A review of extant literature revealed that the concentration of submissions to similar documents comes from investor-owned firms in developed countries; and that there is a dearth of submissions from developing countries and alternative business models, such as co-operatives. This research sought to compare and establish the similarities and differences of responses across country and regional classifications, and across income and stakeholder groups. The study conducted both qualitative and quantitative research methods of textual analysis by employing grounded theory and content analysis. The results indicate that D8 submissions primarily come from preparers in developed countries located in Europe and Central Asia and in East Asia and the Pacific regions. However, findings also show that regardless of country, regional, or income group classification, the co-operative industry expressed common concerns and issues.