Orientador: Wanilson Luiz Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T23:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campaner_VeridianaPolvani1981-_M.pdf: 789477 bytes, checksum: 2fc8ab44d662b02cf37a6481c9ac9f7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este estudo foi desenvolvido em área de mineração de carvão, na região de Figueira (PR). A primeira parte deste trabalho investigou processos físico-químicos da drenagem ácida antes e após o tratamento com CaO e sua evolução em drenagem natural em área com presença de rochas calcárias. Os resultados mostraram um incremento no pH da drenagem ácida após o tratamento (de 3,2 para 4,6) e redução nas concentrações dos constituintes analisados. A evolução deste efluente ácido na rede de drenagem local resultou em um novo sistema físico-químico, inicialmente com pH 6,4 e menores níveis de Eh e dos constituintes químicos, em especial para SO4 2¯ (1578 mg L¯1), Al (0,07 mg L¯1), Fe (17,8 mg L¯1) e Mn (2,48 mg L¯1). Entretanto, as concentrações destes constituintes foram ainda menores nesta drenagem com incremento do pH para 10,8, exceto para Al. O incremento na concentração de Al (de 0,07 mg L¯1 para 0,63 mg L¯1) é atribuído à lixiviação de minerais silicáticos sob condições alcalinas, as quais favoreceram a solubilização do metal. Este aumento do pH pode ser conseqüência de rochas calcárias da região que se encontram a partir de 10,5 m de profundidade. Águas subterrâneas que alimentam a drenagem local devem contribuir com o incremento das concentrações de HCO3¯ até que as condições de equilíbrio do sistema carbonático sejam rompidas com o excesso de CO3 2¯, aumentando o pH para 10,8. Neste ponto ocorreram condições físico-químicas favoráveis para a remoção de Mn, um dos problemas encontrados em processos de neutralização de drenagem ácida. A segunda parte deste trabalho avaliou as características geoquímicas de drenagens ácidas desta região e seus impactos em águas e em sedimentos de corrente. Os resultados mostraram que as drenagens ácidas são geradas tanto em galerias de extração do minério como em depósitos de rejeito, com pH entre 3,2 e 4,1. Estas últimas drenagens apresentaram as maiores concentrações dos elementos investigados, com destaque para o As (0,25 mg L¯1 a 0,68 mg L¯1). O impacto destas soluções ácidas nos rios da área foi pouco significativo. As concentrações de SO4 2¯, Al, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni e Zn (nas proximidades de minas ativas) e SO4 2¯, Al, Cd, Fe, Mn e Zn (nas proximidades de depósitos de rejeito e minas desativadas) excederam levemente os padrões brasileiros de qualidade para águas superficiais. As águas subterrâneas de poços de monitoramento das atividades mineiras apresentaram o mesmo intervalo de pH e concentrações químicas semelhantes aqueles das drenagens ácidas, revelando o seu comprometimento. Entretanto, as amostras de águas subterrânea e fluvial de abastecimento público municipal revelaram pH entre 7,2 e 7,5 e baixas concentrações dos componentes analisados. A geoquímica de sedimentos de corrente mostrou maiores fatores de enriquecimento para As, Cd, Mn, Ni e Zn, e foram restritos aos locais mais róximos das fontes geradoras de drenagens ácidas. Neste caso, os processos de sedimentação ocorreram em zonas de mistura das soluções ácidas com águas fluviais, as quais contribuíram para a neutralização da acidez e a conseqüente precipitação das espécies químicas / Abstract: This study was developed in coal mining area, region of Figueira (PR). The first part of this study searched physico-chemical processes of the acid mine drainage before and after the neutralization with CaO and the evolution of these acid waters in natural stream in area with presence of carbonatic rocks. The results showed an increasing in pH of acid mine drainage after the treatment (from 3.2 to 4.6) and a reduction in concentrations of analyzed constituents. The evolution of these acid waters within the tributary stream resulted in new physicochemical system, initially with pH 6.4 and lower levels of Eh and of chemical constituents, particularly SO4 2¯ (1578 mg L¯1), Al (0.07 mg L¯1), Fe (17.8 mg L¯1) and Mn (2.48 mg L¯1). However, the concentrations of these constituents were lower in natural stream with increment of pH to 10.8, except Al. Aluminum increasing concentration (from 0.07 mg L¯1 to 0.63 mg L¯1) during this evolution seems to be related to an input of Al-enriched waters due the leaching of silicate minerals in alkaline conditions. This increasing in pH can be resulted from local bedrock that contains limestone from 10.5 meters depth. Groundwater input to the natural stream contributes to the increase in HCO3¯ concentrations until the conditions of carbonate system equilibrium are broken with the excess CO3 2¯, increasing the water pH to 10.8. In this point, favorable conditions happened to the removal of Mn, a problem found in neutralization process of acid drainage. The second part of this work evaluated the geochemistry characteristics of acid drainage in this region, and the impacts in waters and surface sediments. The results showed that the acid drainage is generate as much in coal extraction gallerias as in tailing deposits, with pH from 3.2 to 4.1. These last drainages showed the higher concentrations of analyzed elements, especially As (from 0.25 mg L¯1 to 0.68 mg L¯1). The impact of these acid solutions to the rivers in the area had little meaning. The concentrations of SO4 2¯, Al, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn (near to the active mines) and SO4 2¯, Al, Cd, Fe, Mn and Zn (near the tailing deposits and abandoned mines) exceeded the Brazilian quality standards to stream waters. Groundwater monitoring wells from the active mines showed the same interval of pH and chemical concentrations were similar to those of acid drainages, which represented significant impacts. However, the stream water and groundwater samples of municipal public provision revealed pH from 7.2 to 7.5 and low concentrations of analyzed components. The geochemistry of stream sediments showed higher enrichment factors to As, Cd, Mn, Ni e Zn, and were restrict to the nearest places of acid drainages generation source. In this case, the sedimentation processes happened in the mixing zone of the acid solutions with stream waters, which caused the neutralization of acidity and the precipitation of the chemical species / Mestrado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Mestre em Geociências

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Das niederländische Wirtschaftsministerium hat 2014 eine umfassende Studie über alle zukünftig noch sicherheitlich relevanten Themenbereiche des Nachbergbaus für das Südlimburger Steinkohlenrevier beauftragt. Der Bergbau wurde hier bis 1974 stillgelegt; der Grubenwasseranstieg ist aber aufgrund der hydraulischen Verbindungen zu dem erst in 1992 stillgelegten Aachener Steinkohlenrevier noch nicht abgeschlossen. Der Auftrag wurde an ein deutsch/niederländisches Projektteam vergeben, das sowohl detaillierte Kenntnisse der regionalen Hydrogeologie besitzt als auch eine Bearbeitung von Fragestellungen im Zusammenhang mit Risiken durch bergbauliche Hinterlassenschaften auf dem aktuellen Stand der Technik und nach neuesten Forschungsergebnissen gewährleisten konnte. Auf der Grundlage einer umfassenden Bestandsaufnahme sowie einem regionalen Grundwassermodell wurden eine Risikobewertung vorgenommen und Konzepte für Maßnahmen und ein Monitoring erarbeitet. Die Studie wurde Ende 2016 veröffentlicht; der vorliegende Beitrag liefert eine Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen. / The Ministerie van Economische Zaken (EZ) of the Netherlands in 2014 initiated the project „Na-ijlende gevolgen steenkolenwinning Zuid-Limburg“ and commissioned a comprising study considering all future safety aspects with respect to the potential consequences of the former hard coal exploitation in South Limburg. The coal mines were abandoned until 1974; due to hydraulic connections to the Aachen mining district, that was abandoned in 1992, the rise of the mine water has not finished yet. The study was assigned to a German-Dutch project group with comprising references of the regional Hydrogeology as well as excellent expertise in all questions regarding risks from mining relicts. Based on a comprising inventory and a regional groundwater model a risk assessment was carried out and a concept for measures and monitoring elaborated. The study was published in 2016; the paper in hand provides a summary of the results and recommendations.

"Black Kladno" - a name inextricably linked with the largest city of the Central Bohemian clearly reflects the former industrial face of Kladno. In addition to the steel industry here had long tradition just coal mining and its phasing, which culminated early in 2002 close of the last Kladno Mine Schoeller / Nejedly / Kladno, had an impact on a large number of people who have worked in this field. In addition, mine closure linked solely with the decline of mining activities after 1991, but also with a methane explosion, which occurred at the mine in late 2001, and died with him four people. This thesis using qualitative research methods in the form of oral history interviews devoted to the completion of mining the bottom Schoeller / Nejedly / Kladno, as it was perceived by miners and other employees of the mine, compensate the loss of jobs often lasting many years, and their search for new employment. As the main source of information for the actual parts are used extensive publication Josefa Suldovského Chronicle mining Czech lands and collective work Coal mining in the Kladno: History Kladno- Slaný-Rakovník basin. For more information regarding mining directly Kladensko then a series of regional publications and printing. The work is divided into five parts. The introduction briefly summarizes...

This Diploma thesis is telling the story of the village Kralupy u Chomutova that had to be demolished because of coal mining. It is following the life of people of the village from the time before World War I untill the 70's. It is the time when the village was demolished. Kralupy u Chomutova were located in so called Sudetenland. Therefore its rezidents where changing during 20th century. In the end It was them who were witnesses of the demolition and their stories are part of this thesis.

Der Beitrag beschreibt die Voraussetzungen des gelungenen Strukturwandels mit der Bündelung der Potentiale von Bodenschätzen, Geographie, Wirtschaft und Bevölkerung. Das Ruhrrevier in seiner heutigen Form ist im besonderen Maße Ausdruck der montanindustriellen Entwicklung. Diese wiederum hängt maßgeblich von der Ausbildung der Steinkohlenlagerstätte ab. So sind es die geologischen Schichten der Region, die diese nachhaltig gestaltet haben. Die Steinkohlenlagerstätte des Ruhrreviers entwickelte sich bereits vor über 300 Mio. Jahren unter subtropischen Bedingungen. Meeresnahe Ablagerungen sind Ursprung des „schwarzen Goldes“, der Steinkohle zwischen Ruhr und Lippe. Eine wechselvolle Geschichte führt über Gebirgsbildungen, Fort- und Rückschreitung der Küstenlinie sowie eiszeitlicher und fluviatiler Sedimentationen zur Gestaltung von Geologie und Morphologie im Ruhrrevier. Die heutige Raumstruktur des Ruhrgebiets entstand somit aus der Geomorphologie des Karbons mit den sich herausgebildeten Flüssen Ruhr, Emscher und Lippe und den sich daran orientierenden mittelalterlichen Städten und Siedlungen. Mit den Auswirkungen der industriellen Revolution auf Basis Kohle, Eisen und Stahl veränderte sich die Region von einem landwirtschaftlich geprägten Raum hin zum heutigen Ballungsraum mit über 5 Millionen Einwohnern. Von den ehemals über 400 Zechen im Ruhrrevier existierten im Jahr 2015 noch zwei fördernde Bergwerke. Das Bergwerk Auguste Victoria wurde Ende 2015 eingestellt, das Bergwerk Prosper Haniel wird Ende 2018 die Förderung einstellen. Damit endet der subventionierte Steinkohlebergbau in Deutschland aus ökonomischen Gründen. Die Lagerstätte im Ruhrrevier ist jedoch bei weitem noch nicht erschöpft. Die Beendigung des Bergbaues führte zu einem Strukturwandel, der in den 1960er Jahren begann und heute noch nicht sein Ende gefunden hat. Er hat eine industrielle, stabile Raumstruktur mit neuem Leben zu füllen. Zwischen Ruhr und Lippe sowie am Niederrhein haben 53 eigenständige Städte und Gemeinde das historische Erbe aufzunehmen und gemeinsam die regionalen Stärken zu fördern. Die großen Flächenstilllegungen wurdenin den prosperierenden Zonen zu modernen Stadtquartieren mit unterschiedlichsten Nutzungen entwickelt oder haben in den Zwischenräume die Landschaften und Freizeitgebiete vergrößert. / The article describes the prerequisites for a successful structural change in the Ruhr area during the last 60 years. Via the regional bundling of the potential in raw materials, geography, economy and population the region managed the termination of the coal and steel industry. More than 50 communities have to deal with the historic legacy and they have to promote the local features. The cessation of the intensive coal-mining phase requires creative ideas, intensive communication, coordination of a lot of stakeholders to ensure a development in the direction of new stable structures.

Diploma thesis "Kopisty: why we had to leave!" refers to a village in Most district which has been destroyed and its people had to be evicted based on the plan of the mining industry. As the official reason for the liquidation has been mentioned the open-cast mine Ležáky. But, the thesis demonstrates, is not the only cause. The other causes of the liquidation are deep mines Jan Hus and Julius III. and expansion of sanitary zone of chemical plants. It has been proven by the investigation and it is stated in the thesis, all these factors had crucial influence on the village. The need of increased production has caused a slump of the houses and roads in Kopisty. It is surprising that, except Ležáky and chemical plants, there is no allusion to these reasons in the official plan of liquidation. The entire thesis is based on archival sources, research and oral history. The main goal is to precisely reconstruct the process of dismantling and demolition of the village. There is a documentary evidence that the phase from 1976-1981 was not the only one and that there were already demolition of buildings before. This is also confirmed by the fact that local people knew about the liquidation already in the sixties. I do not want to avoid even the up-to-date themes as are the reclamation of the city Most,...

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The waste products acid mine drainage (AMD), formed during coal mining and fly ash (FA) from coal burning power generation, pose substantial environmental and economic problems for South Africa. Eskom has developed a remediation system employing alkaline FA to neutralize and precipitate heavy metals from toxic acidic AMD streams. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial diversity in and microbial impact on this remediation system. The total microbial diversity was assessed by well-established molecular phylogenetic analyses using 16S rDNA gene sequences. The results obtained from the AMD confirmed the presence of acidophilic organisms, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (At. ferrooxidans). After co-disposal of FA and AMD, microbial cell growth was not detected and microbial genomic DNA could not be extracted. The absence of microbial communities in the co-disposal phase is beneficial to the continuation of the development of such a co-disposal process. Results of this project will assist in the effective implementation of FA-AMD co-disposal systems, which may improve water quality in effected regions of South-Africa.

Succession is often studied by using a chronosequence. When using a chronosequence we study a set of sites with different ages at the same time and by comparing them we conclude what kind of changes occurred during time (space for time substitution). Only a few studies however compare how results obtained by using a chronosequence differ from those obtained by long-term studies. In my theses I repeated a study that investigated succession of ant communities on brown coal mining spoil dumps in Sokolov district after 19 years. There are chronosequences of two types of sites (spontaneous succession and recultivation) in Sokolov coal mining district. By repeating the original study I could compare changes that occurred du- ring time with changes along a chronosequnce. Relationship between occurrence of ant groups with different ecological requirements and age of site was also investigated. RDA model and variation partitioning were used to find out statistical significance between sites and their age. An increase in number of species was recorded on the spoil dumps. 22 ant species were found in the year 2020, from which 5 species were new on the dumps. All the new species are specialists, two of them are dendrophilous. A statistically significant increase in abundance of forest species with site age was...

No description available.