Increased DHS mission requirements in a post 911 operating environment and federal mandates requiring measurable results dictate commanders of USCG Cutters and the chain of command employ the most efficient management mechanisms to best utilize scarce resources. United States Coast Guard Cutters have been challenged in a multi-mission environment to meet requirements including search and rescue, law enforcement, fisheries management, recreational boating safety, hurricane avoidance and response, and homeland security missions. The Commanding officers of U.S. Coast Guard Cutters are consummate process owners that require the most efficient and dynamic management model to best meet internal and external customers in an ever-changing operating environment.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2005. / Page 296 blank. Includes bibliographical references.

This dissertation examines prehistoric culture change in the Gulf of Georgia region of the Northwest Coast of North America during the Locarno Beach (3500 – 1100 BP) and Marpole (2000 – 1100 BP) periods. The Marpole culture has traditionally been seen to possess all the traits associated with complex hunter-gatherers on the Northwest Coast (hereditary inequality, multi-family housing, storage-based economies, resource ownership, wealth accumulation, etc.) while the Locarno Beach culture has not. This research examined artifact and faunal assemblages as well as data for art and mortuary architecture from a total of 164 Gulf of Georgia archaeological site components. Geographic location and ethnographic language distribution were also compared to the archaeological data. Analysis was undertaken using Integrative Distance Analysis (IDA), a new statistical methodology developed in the course of this research. Results indicated that Marpole culture was not a regional phenomenon but rather was much more spatially and temporally discrete than previously known. Artifactual assemblages identified as Marpole were restricted to the areas of the Fraser River, northern Gulf Islands and portions of Vancouver Island, an area contiguous with both Mitchell’s (1971b) “Fraser River Fishermen” economic sub-area and the ethnographic territory of the Downriver and Island Halkomelem peoples. In contrast, the geographic area of Mitchell’s (1971b) “Straits Reef-net Fishermen”, the ethnographic territory of the Straits Salish, showed no sign of Marpole culture but rather a presence of Late Locarno Beach culture. The pattern found in artifacts was replicated in the distribution of art and mortuary architecture variation suggesting the cultural differences between Marpole and Late Locarno Beach cultures was real and not a statistical anomaly. The matching distribution of prehistoric cultural variability and the ethnographic pattern of language groups indicate a long standing and stable cultural dynamic within the Gulf of Georgia.

A study was conducted to evaluate the properties of soils in the fog belt area of the Oregon Coast Range. Soils in the study were chosen to include only those belonging to Andepts or to andic subgroups. Samples were collected from eleven sites that were formed mostly from colluvial deposits of basaltic rocks, sedimentary rocks, and alluvium derived from volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The soils studied were characterized chemically and physically, and the mineralogy of the very fine sand and clay size fractions was determined. The eleven soils were classified on the assumption that Andisol is added in the Soil Taxonomy as the 11th order. Based on the low degree of profile differentiation shown by profile morphology, it was concluded that all of the soils studied are in an early stage of development. The soil structure is mostly granular in the surface and fine subangular blocky in the subsoil. Field texture and laboratory analyses indicate low percentage clay compared to silt throughout the profiles. Surface layers are mostly dark colored. All the soils have low bulk density, high water holding capacity at high suction (15 bar), high CEC, high organic carbon, high pH in NaF, high variable charge, and high phosphorus retention -all of which indicate a high proportion of amorphous materials in the clay fraction. Based on the mineralogy of the very fine sand fraction and field site observations, it was concluded that basaltic and volcaniclastic rocks were the major sources of the parent materials that have weathered to produce a dominance of amorphous materials in the soils studied. Chloritic intergrade dominates the crystalline clay size components of all the soils with minor amounts of smectite, mica, gibbsite, chlorite, halloysite, and kaolinite. It was concluded that three out of the eleven soils studied, have chemical characteristics of spodic horizons based on the amount of extractable Fe and Al measured, These soils were classified as Troporthods. Eight of the eleven soils were provisionally classified as Andisols. Seven of the eight Andisols were placed in the subgroup Typic Haplotropands and one under the subgroup Typic Haploborand. / Graduation date: 1983

This dissertation examines prehistoric culture change in the Gulf of Georgia region of the Northwest Coast of North America during the Locarno Beach (3500 – 1100 BP) and Marpole (2000 – 1100 BP) periods. The Marpole culture has traditionally been seen to possess all the traits associated with complex hunter-gatherers on the Northwest Coast (hereditary inequality, multi-family housing, storage-based economies, resource ownership, wealth accumulation, etc.) while the Locarno Beach culture has not. This research examined artifact and faunal assemblages as well as data for art and mortuary architecture from a total of 164 Gulf of Georgia archaeological site components. Geographic location and ethnographic language distribution were also compared to the archaeological data. Analysis was undertaken using Integrative Distance Analysis (IDA), a new statistical methodology developed in the course of this research. Results indicated that Marpole culture was not a regional phenomenon but rather was much more spatially and temporally discrete than previously known. Artifactual assemblages identified as Marpole were restricted to the areas of the Fraser River, northern Gulf Islands and portions of Vancouver Island, an area contiguous with both Mitchell’s (1971b) “Fraser River Fishermen” economic sub-area and the ethnographic territory of the Downriver and Island Halkomelem peoples. In contrast, the geographic area of Mitchell’s (1971b) “Straits Reef-net Fishermen”, the ethnographic territory of the Straits Salish, showed no sign of Marpole culture but rather a presence of Late Locarno Beach culture. The pattern found in artifacts was replicated in the distribution of art and mortuary architecture variation suggesting the cultural differences between Marpole and Late Locarno Beach cultures was real and not a statistical anomaly. The matching distribution of prehistoric cultural variability and the ethnographic pattern of language groups indicate a long standing and stable cultural dynamic within the Gulf of Georgia.

The Nanbin-Beibin beach (South-North beach) at Haulien city on the east coast of Taiwan was probably in a dynamic state close to stable, prior to the completion of the Eastern Breakwater extension for Hualien harbor. Since 1987, this beach has begun experiencing adverse effect of the breakwater extension, with erosive trend continuing at Huazern beach and Nanbin Beach, accompanying by accretion at Beibin. Government authorities have constructed seawalls, submerged breakwaters and applied several types of precast concrete blocks to protect the eroding section of the coast. This study investigates the beach processes at Nanbin-Beibin Beach, starting from its oceanographic and climate condition, beach changes in the past four decades, to the protective countermeasures installed. With large-scale geomorphic approach, it is expected that combining headland control with nourishment could provide local residents and tourists with a harmonious semi-natural coastal space. This report contains the discussion on SBEACH¡Ðsoftware for beach changes induced by storm waves, headland control with stable bayed beach and artificial nourishment; followed by description of shoreline protection at Nanbin-Beibin Beach, and finally a proposal for improving the beach stability. The study follows some of the known principles and software available in the field of coastal engineering today. Firstly, stability of the Nanbin-Beibin Beach in relation to the total length of the Eastern Breakwater of Hualein harbor is assessed by MEPBAY software recently developed for the application of parabolic bay shape equation. Secondly, a rational beach retreat is calculated using SBEACH software, which is to be used as a minimum buffer width for a proposed bayed beach using MEPBAY. Thirdly, headland control approach is suggested using artificial headlands in a curved shape rather than the traditional straight groin and detached breakwater in narrow gaps. Finally, total volume of the fill materials and budget are estimated, in order to enhance the applicability of this study. By implementing MEPBAY, it can be found that the stability of Nanbin-Beibin Beach will transform from unstable natural re-shaping to static equilibrium, using an upcoast control point 150 m short off the tip of the Eastern Breakwater. Thus, the eroding potential to Nanbin Beach could be effectively removed, and the local erosion may then become manageable. In this way, part of the precast concrete units forming the submerged breakwaters in front of the seawalls at Nanbin Beach may be taken out for construction of new detached or submerged units or artificial headlands elsewhere at Beibin Beach. The entire detached breakwater system should then be re-designed with a widened gap between units combined with bayed beach in static equilibrium and nourishment. Sufficient buffer width should be provided to all the static bay shapes so implemented. It is envisaged that the geomorphic approach considered in this report may help devise a plan to restore the eroding beach at Hualein.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität des Saarlandes, 1997. / Title from title screen (viewed June 5, 2001). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2003. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-135).

The surtace and subsurtace Holocene deposits ot the macrotidal barrier coast ot north Norfolk. between Hunstanton and Wevbourne. have been investisated bv a coordinated studv ot sedimentarv and foraminiteral parameters. 14 distinct sedimentarv and vesetational areas (environmental units) are recognisable from aerial photographs, trom which a map of their spatial distributions has been produced. Barriers are both prograding (Holkham Gap) and eroding (Brancaster to Thornham) due to variations in sediment supply and land reclamation. Present models of sediment movement underestimate the offshore supply to the coast. In particular the input of sediment to the Holkham Gap area from a easterly offshore movement. Removal of fine sand to the offshore zone occurs at channel inlets although westerly spit development of Blakeney Point has created an embayment at Stiffkey where finer sands accumulate. Barrier formation observed at Holkham Gap indicates the emplacement and stabilisation of beach bars to be a major formational process. Sedimentarv parameter ranges delineate silt based units but show considerable overlap between sand-based units. Foraminiferal species assemblages delineate 4 significant cluster groupings also separating silt based units but amalgamating sand based units into one cluster group. The environmental unit determination of subsurface samples was supplemented bv stratigraphic relationship interpretations for sand based units. 9 subsur~ace environmental units have been separated. (i) back barrier sand and dune. (ii) peat. (iii) inter-tidal gravel, (iv) inter-tidal sand, (v) channel sand, (vi) inter-tidal silty sand, (vii) inter-tidal mud and marsh creek, (viii) lower marsh and (ix) upper marsh.

The West Coast of the South Island has a particular history distinct from other regions of New Zealand because of its physical isolation, its sparse and fragmented Maori occupation, its lack of suitability for farm settlement, and its social and economic links with Australia through nineteenth century shipping routes; many of the goldminers who first populated the region came via the Victoria goldfields and had little relationship with other South Island settlements. This thesis begins with a chronological annotated bibliography of imaginative writing with the West Coast as its setting, then analyses this writing in terms of the West Coast landscape, its settlement history and its four major physical resources – pounamu, gold, coal and timber – and the way in which each has influenced the literature. It further examines the work of five West Coast writers, Jean Devanny, Peter Hooper, Keri Hulme, Jeffrey Paparoa Holman and Peter Hawes, in the context of their imaginative portrayal of the characteristics of the region. It concludes that there is a discernible perception among New Zealanders, fostered particularly by novelists and film-makers who have set their work on the Coast, that the region has iconic status and represents values and attitudes which appeal to the wider audience as distinctive. In his 1940 attempt to encourage a national literature, Monte Holcroft wrote that, “…the spirit of a country, recognisable in history and literature, is a kind of collective definition undertaken by a line of creative writers.” New Zealand has long since developed a healthy diversity of creative literature, but it is argued in this thesis that Holcroft’s definition can now be restated in regional terms; the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand has its own spirit, is in a sense another country, and has been so defined by its creative fiction.