Coast Salish coiled basketry has been a much-neglected area of research. Previous investigations into this topic have been primarily concerned with geo-cultural distributions, and discussions pertaining to stylistic attributes. In recent years several scholars have turned their attention to the topic of Salish weavings, but they have focused their efforts quite narrowly on textiles made from wool and other similar fibres to the exclusion of weaving techniques such as basketry which utilise local roots and barks. This thesis will focus exclusively on one type of Salish basketry - coiled basketry. In this thesis I explore different ways of identifying, or "knowing", Coast Salish coiled cedar root basketry. I specifically focus on Sto:lo basketry and identify three ways in which Sto:lo basket makers "know" these objects. First I discuss the Halkomelem terminology and what insights it provides to indigenous classification systems. Secondly, I situate coiled basketry in a broader Coast Salish weaving complex in order to discuss how basketry is influenced by other textile arts. This also enables me to explore how Sto:lo weavers identify a well-made object. In the final section I discuss ownership of designs by individuals and their families. This research draws primarily from interviews conducted with Sto:lo basket makers between May and September 2000 in their communities and at the Museum of Anthropology at UBC. It is supplemented by interviews with basket makers from other Salish communities and by the ethnographic literature on this topic. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Viable cysts collected from natural sediments were induced to excyst. Ten cyst-theca relationships, first established elsewhere, were confirmed for British Columbia (B.C.). These were: Gonyaulax tamarensis, Protoperidinium aspidotum, P. claudicans, P. conicoides, P. conicum, P. cf. denticulatum, P. leonis, P. oblongum, and P. punctulatum. Five cyst-theca relationships were established for the first time: Peridiniopsis cf. hainanensis, Protoperidinium sp. nov., P. thorianum, and two apparently new species of Gonyaulax. P. pentagonum was found to have a cyst different from the cyst of this species in the Atlantic. Forty-five samples from Recent sediments were collected along the coast of B.C. Twenty-three of the samples had very few cysts. Hidden Basin was the chief source of viable cysts for the excystment experiments. Ten cyst-based taxa were described from the sediment samples. These were: Operculodinium centrocarpum, the cyst of Scrippsiella faeroense (= Micrhystridium bifurcatum), Spiniferites belerius, S. bentori, S. bulloideus, S. elongatus, S. membranaceus, S. nodosum, and S. ramosus. Tanyosphaeridium sp. has been recorded previously as the cyst of Polykrikos schwarzi. Two new cyst-based taxa are described for the first time. These are a cyst of Protoperidinium sp., and Spiniferites "sp. A". Cyst assemblages in the Recent sediments of B.C. were similar to many temperate estuarine and neritic areas. Some cysts which are characteristic of these areas in other regions, have not yet been found in B.C. The relative importance of some cysts also varies from that found in similar sediments elsewhere. The dominance of Operculodinium centrocarpum in many of the cyst assemblages, including B.C., is a pattern typical of temperate estuarine conditions. Some cysts appear to be characteristically associated with fjord environments. Scrippsiella faeroense, for example, has been found in Norwegian fjords and Scottish sea lochs as well as some B.C. fjords and inlets. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Graduation date: 1982

Graduation date: 1973

This study examines the relationship between fishing activities of Pacific Northwest albacore fishermen and the availability of albacore. Tactical responses of troll-boat fishermen were compared to changes in daily apparent albacore abundance. Tactical responses included boat aggregation and total applied effort (number of boats) within a particular area, and net daily distances traveled by individual boats and the medial center of the fleet. Apparent abundance estimates were derived from logbook catch records collected during the 1968, 1969 and 1970 seasons. Fishing power estimates of individual vessels allowed comparisons to be made of the most successful and least successful boats. In general, the most successful boats were larger, fished nearer the fleet center, traveled less net distance each day and caught more but smaller fish than the less successful boats. The magnitude of the differences between the most successful and least successful boats decreased progressively from 1968 to 1970. Apparent abundance fluctuations were synchronous in separate areas of the 1968 fishery but not in the 1969 and 1970 fisheries. Fluctuations tended to be periodic in 1969 and 1970 but not in 1968. No generalizations as to apparent abundance (patchiness, size of albacore concentrations) could be determined among years. Fishermen responded quickly to changes in apparent abundance during 1968. Boats were highly aggregated on days of high catches, and dispersed on days of low catches. Fishermen responses during 1969 were one day out of phase with catches. Boats aggregated one day after days of high catches, indicating that fishermen experienced difficulty in staying on concentrations of fish. In 1970 fishermen experienced no difficulty in staying on fish concentrations as record daily catches were reported. According to interviews and questionnaires, albacore fishermen rely heavily on inter-boat communications for planning their daily fishing tactics. A consequence of this reliance on radio communication appears to be a greater degree of boat aggregation and less willingness to scout in areas away from the central fleet area. Areas to the north and south of the central fleet were shown to have high estimates of albacore abundance but were exploited by very few boats. Greater dispersal of the fleet and use of several survey boats are suggested as a means of increasing the total fishing catch. / Graduation date: 1974

The specific activity of ⁶⁵Zn (nanocuries ⁶⁵Zn/g total Zn) was determined in various organs of the common coastal mussel, Mytilus californianus Conrad, collected from six locations along the Pacific Coast. These organs included the gills, mantle, foot, reproductive organs, adductor muscle, and viscera. After ashing and dissolving with nitric acid (8 M), each tissue was analyzed for ⁶⁵Zn by gamma-ray spectrometry. The determination of total zinc concentrations of the various organs was accomplished by atomic absorption spectrophotometry as well as by neutron activation analysis. Variable amounts of both stable zinc and radioactive ⁶⁵Zn were observed within the specific tissues from a given location. The ⁶⁵Zn specific activities of the tissues of organisms from a particular station however, tended to be uniform, at least within the uncertainty of the measurements. Both radiozinc and ⁶⁵Zn specific activity decreased with distance from the Columbia River mouth, whereas the stable zinc tended to remain uniform for a specific tissue. Tissues high in radiozinc were also high in stable zinc and conversely. An estimate of the input specific activity from the mussel' environment (food and/or water) was calculated from a simple model resulting in a value similar to zooplankton values sampled from within the Columbia River plume. Comparison of the concentrations of zinc determined by neutron activation with those determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry indicated a linear relationship between the two methods. Results of atomic absorption measurements were approximately 27% larger than the results of neutron activation analysis, indicating the presence of a systematic error. The higher values attained by atomic absorption are attributed to evaporation during storage of the ash solution which would lead to an increase in zinc concentration. In considering the two methods of analysis, economy of both time and expenses favors the atomic absorption method over that of neutron activation. / Graduation date: 1971

A structure map was constructed of the continental shelf between Cape Blanco and Coos Bay, Oregon, exclusively from an interpretation of approximately 700 km of continuous seismic profiles. At least ten discernible seismic units were mapped on the bases of acoustic appearance, lateral continuity, angular unconformities, and faults. The offshore units tentatively were correlated with onshore geology and are believed to range in age from the latest Jurassic to late Pleistocene. The sparker profiles reveal that the continental shelf off southern Oregon has experienced significant late Tertiary and Quaternary accretion due to deposition and tectonic uplift. The oldest rock exposures, believed to be the latest Jurassic in age, crop out on the inner continental shelf on the topographic highs off Cape Blanco and Coquille Point. Erosional remnants of probable Late Cretaceous turbidites and the middle Eocene sandstone beds also are exposed on the bathymetric high on the inner shelf southwest of Cape Arago. The initial emplacement of these three uplifted structural blocks is probably a result of late Eocene wrench faulting of the Port Orford shear zone and of the postulated shear zone at Coquille Point. No other early Tertiary sediments apparently are exposed on this portion of the Oregon continental shelf, but they probably extend seaward at depth on the continental margin. Middle Tertiary strata are believed to be exposed on the outer shelf topographic high southwest of Cape Arago. Sediments of Miocene to Pliocene age were deposited throughout much of the continental shelf that was surveyed. The greatest amount of deposition occurred in a north-south trending basin between Cape Blanco and Coquille Bank. Late to post-Pliocene tectonism uplifted and exposed the older underlying rocks on the inner shelf, which are probably of uppermost Jurassic to middle Tertiary age. These same stresses also deformed the Mio-Pliocene sediments into gently undulating structures on the inner shelf. The greatest deformation occurred on the outer shelf and formed Coquille Bank, a north-south trending, doubly plunging, asymmetrical anticline. The terraces or benches on the upper continental slope to the north and south of the Bank are structural features resulting from the doubly plunging anticline. Eustatic sea level lowerings during the Pleistocene truncated the shelf structures as deep as 130 m below present sea level. The detritus was deposited as a wedge of sediments, which forms an unconformable contact with the underlying strata on the outer shelf and upper slope between Coos Bay and Coquille Bank. In areas of deposition there is no distinct break between the shelf and the upper slope; the former merely merges into the latter in a continuous convex curve. In areas of nondeposition, the edge of the shelf is an erosional and structural feature. A possible buried channel was detected northwest of the mouth of the Coquille River. This sediment filled channel is believed to be an erosional remnant of a former course of the Coquille River during a lower stand of sea level. / Graduation date: 1969

Graduation date: 1977

Twenty-three bottom-trawl fish assemblages were identified from the relative biomass of 33 dominant species that occurred in the National Marine Fisheries Services' triennial trawl surveys over the continental shelf and upper slope off California, Oregon, and Washington from 1977 to 1992. The assemblages accounted for about 70% of the total variation in species composition among 2,565 hauls. Although the assemblages persisted over the 15-yr study period and occurred within broad geographic boundaries, some had substantially different spatial distributions among surveys. The ability to differentiate assemblages across five environmental variables (latitude, depth, surface and bottom water temperatures, and surficial substrate) was low. The preponderance of hake-dominated assemblages throughout the study area suggests that Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) may play a large role in the dynamics of demersal fish communities off the west coast of the United States. The same data were used to establish general features regarding the abundance and distribution of the 33 dominant fish, and investigate intersurvey regional variation in species composition. Flatfish were generally widespread and at low density within areas of their occurrence. In contrast, rockfish were comparatively less widespread, and were at higher density within areas of their occurrence. Pacific hake, spiny dogfish, and sablefish were both widespread and occurred in high density. The greatest amount of variation in species composition occurred in the shallow shelf region off California, and the shallow and deep regions between Cape Mendocino and Cape Blanco. These regions corresponded to areas with the greatest amount of annual variation in upwelling. Contrary to upwelling, intersurvey variation in surface temperature did not appear to correspond to variation in species composition, but there was an unanticipated negative correlation between variation in bottom temperature and variation in species composition. Species composition was influenced in most regions by Pacific hake, spiny dogfish, and sablefish. A conceptual model was developed to explore the relationship between regional changes in a species' biomass, incidence, and density, and their potential affect on species composition. Empirical examination of the model was difficult. Five of six flatfish species (Pacific sanddab, rex sole, Pacific halibut, Dover sole, and English sole) exhibited a significant positive linear relationship between incidence and log-transformed biomass which is consistent with density-dependent habitat selection. There was evidence (albeit weak) from patterns in the occupancy of substrate types by these flatfish, that marginal habitats are associated with areas of mud for Pacific sanddab and areas of sand for rex sole, Pacific halibut, and Dover sole. / Graduation date: 1997