Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-05-09T14:25:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luciana Menezes Wanderley Neves.pdf: 498925 bytes, checksum: 5d70ed737f5d134b7425af6efdbc2847 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T14:25:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luciana Menezes Wanderley Neves.pdf: 498925 bytes, checksum: 5d70ed737f5d134b7425af6efdbc2847 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The objectives of this work were to determine the best physiological parameter indicator of thermal stress in Santa Inês sheeps, to verify coat color influence on tolerance to heat, to determine the most adequate thermal comfort index for these animals under grazing conditions, and to estimate the critical values of comfort index for short hair Santa Inês breed based on the physiological parameters. The experiment was conducted from January to April in agreste region, of Pernambuco state. The rectal temperature (RT), respiratory frequency (RF), and coat surface temperature (CST) were evaluated three times a week in the morning and in the afternoon. The environment was monitored daily, in a meteorological station installed next to the paddock. The measures for regression and correlation analysis among variables were obtained from 15 Santa Inês sheeps with, five animals for each color: white, chestnut, and black. The obtained results showed that the RF was the best physiological parameter for thermal stress. Thermal comfort index (TCI) and the black globe-humidity index (BGHI) were more accurate than the temperature and humidity index (THI) in the heat stress evaluation on Santa Inês sheep. The correlation and regression results suggested a small superiority of the white animals than the others in the heat tolerance. Basing on the RT, the estimated critical values for white, chestnut, and black sheeps were, respectively, 80.0, 79.5, and 78.9 for THI, 92.8, 91.4, and 90.5 for BGHI, and 46.3, 45.5, and 44.5 for TCI. Basing on the RF, the estimated critical values for white, chestnut and black sheeps were, respectively, 76.3; 75.2 and 75.3 for THI, 86.0, 84.0, and 84.2 for BGHI, and 38.0 for TCI in the animals of the three coat colors. / Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o melhor parâmetro fisiológico indicador de estresse térmico em ovinos da raça Santa Inês, o índice de conforto térmico mais adequado para estes animais em criação a pasto e estimar os valores críticos dos índices de conforto com base nos parâmetros fisiológicos. O experimento foi conduzido de janeiro a abril na região agreste de Pernambuco. Os parâmetros temperatura retal (TR), freqüência respiratória (FR) e temperatura da superfície do pelame (TSP) foram avaliados três vezes por semana nos períodos da manhã e da tarde. O ambiente foi monitorado diariamente, por intermédio de uma estação meteorológica instalada ao lado do piquete. As medidas para as análises de regressão e correlação entre as variáveis foram obtidas de 15 ovinos da raça Santa Inês, sendo cinco de cada cor: branca, castanha e preta. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a FR foi o melhor parâmetro fisiológico indicador de estresse térmico e que o índice de conforto térmico (ICT) e o índice de temperatura do globo e umidade (ITGU) foram mais precisos que o índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU) na avaliação do estresse 22 pelo calor em ovinos dessa raça. Observou-se pequena superioridade dos animais brancos em relação aos demais quanto a tolerância ao calor. Baseando-se na TR os valores críticos estimados para os ovinos brancos, castanhos e pretos foram, respectivamente de 80,0; 79,5 e 78,9 para o ITU; 92,8; 91,4 e 90,5 para o ITGU e 46,3 45,5 e 44,5 para o ICT. Baseando-se na FR, os valores críticos estimados para os ovinos brancos, castanhos e pretos foram, respectivamente de 76,3; 75,2 e 75,3 para o ITU; 86,0; 84,0 e 84,2 para o ITGU e 38,0 para o ICT nos animais das três cores.

Congenital hypotrichosis in cattle is commonly referred to as "rat-tail" syndrome and is characterized by a dilution of black coat color and morphological changes to the hair shaft and tail switch. Two loci are involved in the inheritance of the rat-tail phenotype, the "extension locus" (MC1R) and an unknown locus. In order to express the rat-tail phenotype the animal must inherit at least one black allele at MC1R and be heterozygous at the unknown locus. The rat-tail locus was previously mapped to an 8.7 cM region of Bos Taurus autosome (BTA) 5. Pmel17 is known to be involved in the expression of pigmentation and maps to the same region of BTA5 as the rat-tail locus. Cattle from a population segregating for the rat-tail syndrome were sequenced at Pmel17 in order to identify putative causative mutations. Two mutations were detected, a three base pair (bp) deletion in exon 1 at codon 18 removing a leucine residue, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 612 resulting in an amino acid substitution (A?E). The 3-bp deletion in exon 1 of Pmel17 is in 100% concordance with the rat-tail phenotype in this research population and may be causative of the rat-tail phenotype.

付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24185号 / 理博第4876号 / 新制||理||1698(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 今井 啓雄, 教授 古賀 章彦, 准教授 Huffman Michael Alan / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Previously seed coat color in flax has been used as a phenotypic marker for specialty quality traits and currently there is an increasing demand to use seed coat color in flax to market flax for human and animal nutrition uses. Seed coat color was studied to 1) understand the inheritance of seed coat color conditioned by the b1 locus, to 2) understand the relationship of other important flax traits with seed coat color as well as to 3) identify markers that are linked to seed coat color for future marker assisted selection of seed coat color. Spearman’s rank correlation and an allelism test was used to show the inheritance of the alleles at the b1 locus. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify putatively linked markers with the b1 locus, these were then screened on the CDC Bethune x M96006 recombinant inbred line population. Furthermore, the CDC Bethune x M96006 and CDC Bethune x USDA-ARS Crystal recombinant inbred line populations were used to identify any important flax traits that had a significant relationship with seed coat color. It was shown that seed coat color conditioned by the b1 locus was stably inherited and that b1vg and b1 are allelic to one another. The results of the BSA showed that there were 17 candidates for linkage but when these markers were screened on the population only the Lu456 from linkage group (LG) six was identified to have linkage (χ²=3.90; P<0.05) with the b1 locus. Additionally, it was shown that the b1 seed coat color allele of the b1 locus had a pleiotropic effect on flower color and flower shape and that seed coat color was associated with linolenic fatty acid content. None of the traits examined were found to be associated with the b1vg allele of this locus. These results show that the b1 locus is likely present on linkage group six, more marker coverage on linkage group six of markers that are polymorphic between the two seed coat color parents would increase the accuracy of detection. Lastly, this study showed that plant breeders should consider using the b1vg allele that conditions the variegated seed coat color to mark unique lines with important combinations of traits because it sorted independently for seed quality traits. Whereas, the yellow seed coat color conditioned by the b1 allele was found to be associated with higher linolenic fatty acid content and the semi-lethality of this allele would make it not suitable for use in parental lines.

No description available.