Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:05:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeffersonLRO_DISSERT.pdf: 1554020 bytes, checksum: 9422a35bb594853d7162e990d1f93feb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / De nombreuses ?tudes sur l`utilisation p?dagogique de l`histoire des math?matiques viennent a identifier les arguments qui sous-tiennent ces actions ?ducatives comme une fa?on d`aborder les math?matiques scolaires afin de mener les ?l?ves ? un apprentissage r?flexif et significatif des math?matiques. Cherchant a v?rifier, de mani?re pratique, comment ces relations entre histoire des math?matiques et l`enseignement des math?matiques peuvent se mat?rialiser sous la forme d`activit?s didactiques, nous avons effectu? un sondage sur les oeuvres du math?maticien Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813) et identifi? le potentiel d`exploration ?ducatif, de l`oeuvre Le?ons ?l?mentaires sur les math?matiques donn?es a l`?cole Normale en 1795, de cet math?maticien. L`objectif principal de notre ?tude ?tait de faire des recherches sur le potentiel d`une oeuvre antique d?di? ? l`enseignement des math?matiques et de la consid?rer comme support conceptuel et didactique pour la cr?ation d`un mod?le d`activit?s didactiques pour l`enseignement des math?matiques, dans la formation des enseignants de math?matiques et aussi en ce qui concerne l`apprentissage des math?matiques des ?l?ves de l`?cole primaire. Nous avons fait une lecture, la traduction et l`ajout de notes et commentaires sur le travail et une recherche bibliographique sur la relation entre l`histoire des math?matiques et l`enseignement des math?matiques, de fa?on a comprendre les aspects conceptuels et didactiques pour l`?laboration d`um module activit?s didactiques pour l`enseignement des math?matiques bas?e sur certains chapitres du livre de Lagrange. ? cette fin, l`oeuvre a ?t? utilis? comme source primaire et a ?t? ?tudi? sous un fondement th?orique appuyer sur les travaux des Institut de recherche sur l`enseignement des math?matiques IREM. Dans le module ?labor?, les activit?s apportent les contenus dans une suite integr?e ? une logique de classe, ? partir de la lecture directe des d?coupages du texte original, dispos?s entre les questions et les situations-probl?mes , historiquement mis en contexte avec la p?riode et associ?s ? des contenus sp?cifiques. Comme il s`agit d`une recherche bas?e sur l`exploitation de livres anciens, nous croyons que des modules d`activit?s bas?es sur des source primaires peuvent ?tre utilis?es comme un mat?riel p?dagogique pour la formation des enseignants de math?matiques ainsi que pour les derni?res ann?es de l`?cole ?l?mentaire, reformul?es ou accrues d`autres questions telles l`int?r?t de chaque enseignant qui l`utilise / Muitos estudos sobre o uso pedag?gico da hist?ria da Matem?tica v?m apontando argumentos que fundamentam a??es essas did?ticas como um modo de abordar a matem?tica escolar de modo a conduzir os estudantes a uma aprendizagem matem?tica reflexiva e com significado. Na perspectiva de verificar experimentalmente como essas rela??es entre Hist?ria da Matem?tica e Educa??o Matem?tica podem se materializar na forma de atividades did?ticas fizemos um levantamento acerca da obra do matem?tico Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813) e identificamos o potencial de explora??o pedag?gica da obra Le?ons ?l?mentaires sur les math?matiques donn?es a l`?cole Normale en 1795 (Li??es elementares sobre as matem?ticas dadas ? Escola Normal em 1795), do referido matem?tico. O objetivo central do nosso estudo foi investigar o potencial did?tico de uma obra antiga voltada ao ensino de matem?tica e tom?-la como suporte conceitual e did?tico para a cria??o de um modelo de atividades did?ticas para o ensino de matem?tica, tanto na forma??o de professores de matem?tica como para a aprendizagem matem?tica de estudantes do ensino fundamental. Fizemos uma leitura, a tradu??o e a inclus?o de notas e coment?rios sobre a obra e uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica sobre as rela??es entre Hist?ria da Matem?tica e Educa??o Matem?tica, de modo compreender aspectos conceituais e did?ticos para a elabora??o de um m?dulo de atividades did?ticas para o ensino de matem?tica com base em alguns cap?tulos do livro de Lagrange. Para tanto, a obra foi utilizada como fonte prim?ria e estudada sob uma fundamenta??o te?rica baseada, em trabalhos dos Institutos de Pesquisa sobre Ensino das Matem?ticas IREM franceses. No m?dulo elaborado, as atividades trazem os conte?dos numa sequ?ncia integrada ? l?gica de uma aula, com a leitura direta de recortes do texto original, dispostos entre quest?es de fixa??o e situa??es-problema, contextualizadas historicamente com o per?odo e relacionadas aos conte?dos focados. Como se trata de uma pesquisa pautada na explora??o de livros antigos, consideramos que o m?dulo de atividades baseado em fonte prim?ria pode se utilizado como um material pedag?gico para a forma??o de professores de matem?tica bem como para os anos finais do ensino fundamental e reformulado ou acrescido de outras quest?es conforme o interesse de cada professor que utiliz?-lo

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Volume overload is a common feature in patients on haemodialysis (HD). This contributes significantly to the cardiovascular disease burden seen in these patients. Clinical assessments of the volume state are often inaccurate. Techniques such as interdialytic blood pressure, relative blood volume monitoring, bioimpedance are available to improve clinical effectives. However all these techniques exhibit significant shortcomings in their accuracy, reliability and applicability at the bed side. We evaluated the usefulness of a dual compartment monitoring technique using Continuous Segmental Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (CSBIS) and Relative Blood Volume (RBV) as a tool to assess hydration status and determine dry weight. We also sought to evaluate the role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) as a volume marker in dialysis patients. The Retrospective analysis of a historical cohort (n = 376, 55 Diabetic) showed a significant reduction in post-dialysis weights in the first three months of dialysis (72.5 to 70kg, p<0.027) with a non-significant increase in weight between months 6-12. The use of anti-hypertensive agents reduced insignificantly in the first 3 months, increased marginally between months 3-6 and significantly increased over the subsequent 6 months. The residual urea clearance (KRU) fell and dialysis times increased. The cohort was very different to that dialysing at Tassin and showed a dissociation between weight reduction and BP control. This may relate to occult volume overload. CSBIS-RBV monitoring in 9 patients with pulse ultrafiltration (pulse UF) showed distinct reproducible patterns relating to extra cellular fluid (ECF) and RBV rebound. An empirical Refill Ratio was then used to define the patterns of change and this was related to the state of their hydration. A value closer to unity was consistent with the attainment of best achievable target weight. The refill ratio fell significantly between the first (earlier) and third (last) rebound phase (1.97 ± 0.92 vs 1.32 ± 0.2). CSBIS monitoring was then carried out in 31 subjects, whilst varying dialysate composition, temperature and patient posture to analyse the effects of these changes on the ECF trace and to ascertain whether any of these interventions can trigger a change in the slope of the ECF trace distinct to that caused by UF. Only, isovolemic HD caused a change in both RBV and ECF in some patients that was explained by volume re-distribution due to gravitational shifts, poor vascular reactivity, sodium gradient between plasma and dialysate and the use of vasodilating antihypertensive agents. This has not been described previously. These will need to be explored further. The study did demonstrate a significant lack of comparability of absolute values of RECF between dialysis sessions even in the same patient. This too has not been described previously. This is likely to be due to subtle changes in fluid distribution between compartments. Therefore a relative changes must be studied. This sensitivity to subtle changes may increase the usefulness of the technique for ECF tracking through dialysis. The potential of dual compartment monitoring to track volume changes in real time was further explored in 29 patients of whom 21 achieved weight reductions and were able to be restudied. The Refill Ratio decreased significantly in the 21 patients who had their dry weights reduced by 0.95 ± 1.13 kg (1.41 ± 0.25 vs 1.25 ± 0.31). Blood pressure changes did not reach statistical significance. The technique was then used to examine differences in vascular refill between a 36oC and isothermic dialysis session in 20 stable prevalent patients. Pulse UF was carried out in both these sessions. There were no significant differences in Refill Ratios, energy removed and blood pressure response between the two sessions. The core temperature (CT) of these patients was close to 36oC and administering isothermic HD did not confer any additional benefit. Mean BNP levels in 12 patients during isovolemic HD and HD with UF did not relate to volume changes. ANP concentrations fell during a dialysis session in 11 patients from a mean 249 ± 143 pg/ml (mean ± SD) at the start of dialysis to 77 ± 65 pg/ml at the end of the session (p<0.001). During isolated UF levels did not change but fell in the ensuing sham phase indicating a time lag between volume loss and decreased generation. (136±99 pg/ml to 101±77.2 pg/ml; p<0.02) In a subsequent study ANP concentrations were measured throughout dialysis and in the post-HD period for 2 hours. A rebound in ANP concentration was observed occurring at around 90 min post-HD. The degree of this rebound may reflect the prevailing fluid state and merit further study. We have shown the utility of dual compartment monitoring with CSBIS-RBV technique and its potential in assessing volume changes in real time in haemodialysis patients. We have also shown the potential of ANP as an independent marker of volume status in the same setting. Both these techniques merit further study.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Cover title. "June 2002." AD-A405 990. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80). Also available via the World Wide Web.

From Conclusion: There were no great upheavals during Cole's governership, but his rule has been a very interesting study. The old order of things was coming to a close. The way was prepared under Cole for freeing of the slaves; and the old despotic rule became a thing of the past. The British Settlers agitated for and obtained a free press; thus the foundation was laid for democratic institutions. He was the first governor to lay emphasis on the necessity of municipal councils not only as a way of decreasing expenditure, but also as a school for representative government. The Boers were becoming race conscious and the present orientation of the political parties had their origin in this period, though subsequent events have made the political struggle embittered. Above all the stage was being set for the Great Trek and the opening up of the whole of the present Union of South Africa and Rhodesia ... Last but not least the native question was entering upon its modern phase. Chiefs were losing their power, they admitted that they could not control their subjects, and natives were entering the service of Europeans; not only to steal with greater impunity but also to be able to enjoy the security offered by a well organised and disciplined society.

The central role that avant-garde music and dance theatre played in the interplay and synthesis of the arts and media in the 1920s, particularly in Paris, is well known. However, the creative potential of ballet has hardly been recognized in its manifold relationships with film and cinematic-inspired expression. The extent to which especially ballet music interacted with the latest cinematographic principles and techniques and referred to cinematic aesthetics in a variety of ways can instructively be seen regarding the productions of the Ballets Suédois. This is discussed in this article with an exemplary look at Les Mariés de la Tour Eiffel (1921), Within the Quota (1923), Skating Rink (1922) and Relâche (1924). By that it becomes clear that the transmedia inclusion of cinematographic ideas not only inspired the vocabulary of avant-garde dance and modern choreography, but was also distinctively reflected in the conception and composition of film-affected music.