Este estudo tem como objetivo, descrever a microbiota intestinal de pacientes com retocolite ulcerativa grave, em tratamento clínico, antes e após retocolectomia com anastomose de bolsa ileal ao canal anal. Comparou-se a flora bacteriana do íleo terminal e do reto no pré-operatório com a flora encontrada na bolsa ileal após dois e oito meses do fechamento da ileostomia e com a flora do íleo terminal e do reto de um grupo controle. Observou-se que a Veillonella sp foi a bactéria mais freqüentemente encontrada em todos os grupos. Não houve diferenças significativas entre a flora intestinal do grupo controle e dos pacientes com retocolite ulcerativa / The aim of this study is to describe the intestinal microbiota of patients with severe ulcerative colitis, under clinical treatment, before and after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Intestinal flora of distal ileum and rectum before surgery was compared with the flora found in ileal pouch after two and eight months after ileostomy closure and with the flora of distal ileum and rectum of controls. Veillonella sp was the most frequent microorganism found in all groups. There were no significant differences between the intestinal microbiota found in controls and in patients with ulcerative colitis

Substantial evidence in the literature shows that tobacco smoking has complex and divergent effects on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It ameliorates ulcerative colitis (UC); whereas it aggravates the risk of Crohn’s disease (CD) and affects the disease course and severity. Studies have shown that nicotine has a positive influence on symptoms of UC. Also, it is demonstrated that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, especially α7 subunit plays an essential component in the vagus nerve-based cholinergic anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we explored the effect of nicotine and α7 nicotinic agonists treatment in the DSS colitis mouse model. We also investigated the effects of cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine, in the model. Methods: Different groups of C57BL6 mice, as well as α7, α5, and β2 nicotinic receptor knock out mice, and their littermates wild-type nicotinic receptor male adult mice were given DSS solution freely in the drinking water for 7 consecutive days after which tap water was given on the 8th day. We measured a Disease Activity Index (DAI) that includes body weight loss, blood presence in stools, stool consistency, local rectal irritation and length of the colon. The mice were then sacrificed on day 8 to allow examination of the entire colon. Disease severity and colon tissue histology and inflammatory markers including colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) and colonic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated. Levels of MPO and TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of the homogenized colon samples. The effect of oral, subcutaneous, mini pump nicotine, and oral cotinine treatments were examined on experimental colitis induced by 2.5% DSS in mice. In addition, we measured the plasma levels of the nicotine and cotinine in our treatment protocols. Results: The DSS 2.5% model of colitis is easily induced in mice. Administration of low doses of oral nicotine (12.5 and 25 μg/ml), but not high doses in DSS-treated mice displayed a significant decrease in disease activity index value, total histological damage scores, as well as colonic level of TNF-α compared to the control group. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine was not seen with chronic s.c., mini pump nicotine or oral cotinine administration. Differences in plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine do not seem to account for this lack of effect. Moreover, neither nicotine nor cotinine reversed colon length shortening in DSS-treated mice, except with the 0.5 mg/kg s.c. dose of nicotine. There was no change in MPO activity among the groups treated with oral or s.c. nicotine. Cotinine oral administration on its own failed to show a significant effect in the DSS model of colitis. α7 KO mice displayed a significantly increased in DAI value starting from day 4 till day 8, histological damage scores and TNF-α levels of were increased significantly compared to their littermate WT mice. Moreover, pretreatments with PHA-543613 (8 mg/kg), a selective α7 agonist, and choline chloride (40 ug/ml), an α7 nAChR natural agonist, significantly reduced clinical parameters in DSS-treated mice; however, they slightly inhibited the increase in the colonic TNF-α levels compare with vehicle DSS-treated mice. Moreover, PNU-120596 (3 mg/kg), a positive allosteric modulator for α7 nAChRs, significantly reduced DAI value and total histological damage score in DSS-treated mice. Conclusion: Results obtained from this study highlight that dose and route of administration play a critical role in the protective effect of nicotine in the DSS mouse colitis model. Also, these data suggest that α7 nAChR has a protective role in colitis with narrower therapeutic index. Data obtained from this study further understanding of the effect of nicotine in UC and may contribute in the development of new pharmaceutical designs for targeting nAChRs for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Orientadores: Zula Garcia Giglio, Juvenal Ricardo Navarro Goes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T15:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maldaun_Daisy_M.pdf: 580822 bytes, checksum: f5f1e583f2cc833273662dd98f503183 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Desde a Antiguidade, sabe-se, através dos registros da História, que sentimentos e emoções apresentam uma ressonância no corpo. No decorrer dos séculos, o avanço da medicina permitiu o conhecimento da existência de mecanismos através dos quais as emoções podem dar origem ao processo do adoecer. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os aspectos emocionais como a ansiedade, o medo e a raiva de pacientes com idade entre 51 e 74 anos portadores de Retocolite Ulcerativa Inespecífica (RCUI) - doença inflamatória intestinal de etiologia desconhecida, bem como viabilizar os resultados desta pesquisa a familiares e profissionais da saúde, numa tentativa de mostrar sua relevância no surgimento e evolução da doença. Como método de pesquisa, optou-se pelo Clínico-Qualitativo. Foram estudados oito (08) casos de pacientes portadores de RCUI, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 51 e 74 anos. Como procedimento de investigação, foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas de questões abertas, levando em consideração a verbalização dos doentes em relação às mudanças ocorridas em suas vidas após o surgimento da doença. Quanto aos resultados, o referencial teórico utilizado para a sua interpretação foi baseado nos conceitos usuais da Psicologia Médica e da Medicina Psicossomática. e da Psicologia Compreensiva Explicativa e Fenomenológica de JASPERS,K. Considerou-se, após a avaliação dos aspectos emocionais desses pacientes através de seus depoimentos, que sua influência é relevante no desencadear e na evolução da RCUI. A psicoterapia, como um instrumento de ajuda e suporte ao tratamento clínico, deve colocar-se a serviço deste Ser doente e em prol da possibilidade de elaboração de uma nova forma de ele vivenciar a doença e seus conflitos, sejam quais forem os recursos de que ele dispõe para manifestá-los / Abstract: Ever since the early Ages, it is common knowledge that feelings and emotions resonate in the body. Throughout the centuries, the advance of medicine has brought to light the knowledge of existing mechanisms through which emotions can give rise to the process of getting sick. The objective of this study was to understand the emotional aspects, such as anxiety, fear and rage of patients aged between 51 and 74 with Unspecified Ulcerative Colitis, an inflammatory intestinal disease of unknown etiology. We also aim to make the results of the present study available to patients¿ family members and health professionals as a means to raise their awareness of the relevance of emotional aspects to the rise and evolution of the illness. The Method chosen to carry out the study was the Qualitative-Clinical Method; eight (08) patients of both sexes were studied. The investigative procedure consisted of semi-direct interviews of open questions; taking into consideration the patients¿ accounts on the changes occurred in their lives before and after the illness manifested itself. The theoretical reference point used for the interpretation of the results was based on the usual concepts of Medical Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine and of the Comprehensible Explanatory Psychology and Phenomenology of JASPERS, K. Following the evaluation of the emotional aspects these patients mentioned in their testimonials, we concluded that they have great influence on the manifestation of the illness, and that psychotherapy, as an instrument of support for the clinical treatment, should be applied to offer them a new means of understanding the causes of their suffering in the search for a way to deal with the disease and the conflicts it brings along, regardless of which resources they may have available to do so / Mestrado / Gerontologia / Mestre em Gerontologia

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Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.