This research focuses on recreation impacts and management options for the eastern coast of Georgian Bay, a popular destination for summer tourism. Georgian Bay has a rugged coastline of barren rock islands and wind sept trees - a wilderness setting that attracts cottagers, campers and boaters alike. Franklin Island, close to the Town of Parry Sound, represents a microcosm of recreation management problems on the coast of Georgian Bay, including concerns about the ecological capacity for island recreation, social concerns about impacts, and some ongoing governance and management challenges for Crown Lands. This study uses Franklin Island as the site to assess the types and severity of recreation impacts at five different campsites. Vegetation surveys found that vegetation communities at the campsite scale and slightly beyond the campsite do not appear to be significantly altered or affected by the current intensity and types of recreation use. Since the most visible impacts (e.g., campfires, cut wood, and trampling) found in this study were not at a scale to alter the vegetation patterns and coverage of the area, within the campsite or outside of campsite boundaries, the discussion then distinguishes between various scales and types of impact (ecosystemic, ecological, and aesthetic) to determine whether measured impacts affect broader ecosystem functioning. Overall this study would suggest that these localized impacts are not having a significant impact to the functioning of the Franklin Island ecosystem. However, the mosaic structure of ecosystems in eastern Georgian Bay, with their high level of patchiness and inter-patch diversity, including large areas of barren rock, pose some unique challenges for an ecological assessment of recreation impacts. Some modifications to the sampling approach may assist future assessments of recreation impacts and long-term monitoring. Recreation on Franklin Island poses a challenge for environmental management because, while it is in the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Natural Resources as a formal Conservation Reserve, there are a number of factors that have contributed to a management vacuum, including limited resources for management, monitoring and enforcement by traditional authorities. As a result, governance for Franklin Island has shifted from formal government-led approaches to informal partnerships and community based collaborative approaches. However, it is unclear whether the collaborative governance approach for Franklin Island that undertakes specific management actions (e.g., a volunteer fire ban, latrine construction, site clean-up, etc.) are successfully reducing the potential risks from recreation to Franklin Island's ecosystems. This research concludes with a number of recommendations for managing recreation on Franklin Island and in eastern Georgian Bay.

This research focuses on recreation impacts and management options for the eastern coast of Georgian Bay, a popular destination for summer tourism. Georgian Bay has a rugged coastline of barren rock islands and wind sept trees - a wilderness setting that attracts cottagers, campers and boaters alike. Franklin Island, close to the Town of Parry Sound, represents a microcosm of recreation management problems on the coast of Georgian Bay, including concerns about the ecological capacity for island recreation, social concerns about impacts, and some ongoing governance and management challenges for Crown Lands. This study uses Franklin Island as the site to assess the types and severity of recreation impacts at five different campsites. Vegetation surveys found that vegetation communities at the campsite scale and slightly beyond the campsite do not appear to be significantly altered or affected by the current intensity and types of recreation use. Since the most visible impacts (e.g., campfires, cut wood, and trampling) found in this study were not at a scale to alter the vegetation patterns and coverage of the area, within the campsite or outside of campsite boundaries, the discussion then distinguishes between various scales and types of impact (ecosystemic, ecological, and aesthetic) to determine whether measured impacts affect broader ecosystem functioning. Overall this study would suggest that these localized impacts are not having a significant impact to the functioning of the Franklin Island ecosystem. However, the mosaic structure of ecosystems in eastern Georgian Bay, with their high level of patchiness and inter-patch diversity, including large areas of barren rock, pose some unique challenges for an ecological assessment of recreation impacts. Some modifications to the sampling approach may assist future assessments of recreation impacts and long-term monitoring. Recreation on Franklin Island poses a challenge for environmental management because, while it is in the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Natural Resources as a formal Conservation Reserve, there are a number of factors that have contributed to a management vacuum, including limited resources for management, monitoring and enforcement by traditional authorities. As a result, governance for Franklin Island has shifted from formal government-led approaches to informal partnerships and community based collaborative approaches. However, it is unclear whether the collaborative governance approach for Franklin Island that undertakes specific management actions (e.g., a volunteer fire ban, latrine construction, site clean-up, etc.) are successfully reducing the potential risks from recreation to Franklin Island's ecosystems. This research concludes with a number of recommendations for managing recreation on Franklin Island and in eastern Georgian Bay.

This research attempts to investigate the collaborative commerce in steel industry and is divided into two dimensions. First, it investigates the case of China Steel Corporation system, addressing its order fullfillment process. The researcher has been in charge of planning and developing the electronic commerce of China Steel Corporation since 1998. He has been dealing with answering the enquiry about e-commerce from the customers for a long time and has taken part in the whole process of collaborating CSC e-commerce with customers. Therefore, the main method to collect data of this study is through observation. Second, this study synthesizes the references on the three-layer framework of enterprise and enterprise collaboration (CHIU, CHEUNG and TILL, 2003), the case study on the business rules of order fulfillment collaborative operating system, and web service. Then, it tries to build a framework of collaborative commerce system based on the web service and expect to improve the process of order fulfillment to steel supply. This research summarizes the twelve issues of order fulfillment into four collaborative requirements: requirement collaboration, order collaboration, production collaboration, and e-Logistics Collaboration. This study provides the collaborative process system design and construction steps to strengthen the steel order fulfillment. This case is based on the moment punctual producing rate and presumes the advantages of collaborative operating system in strengthening order fulfillment. And it indeed has the merits of promoting punctual order fulfillment.

The Study of the ERP system implemented by the major steel mills in mainland China - a case study on Wuhan Iron & Steel Co. Since 1990s, the radical change of customer demand, short life cycle of products, and accelerating innovation of technology have driven the enterprises to carry on reform of the management style and renewal of the management skill. The reform of the management style is focused on BPR (Business Process Re-engineering), and the renewal of management is to implement ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) system. It is generally recognized that information technology can upgrade the enterprise competence. Applying information technology on BPR to facilitate ERP implementation is also proved to be successful. Both of them are important elements to improve business management. This research employs empirical studies about the implementation of ERP in large steel mills. Being different from the traditional manufacturing industries, the production type of large steel mills is a pyramid-shape model with higher difficulty, more financial and resource inputs. There are four different implementation modules based on the cases studied in this research: 1. Start from the rationalization of business administration, and self-develop a proper ERP system; 2. Look for assistance from the experienced intra-industry companies, and collaborative-develop a system required; 3. Look for assistance from the consultant companies to integrate the package software; and 4. Look for assistance from the software companies with domain knowledge in the early period, and start self-developing in the late period. All the implementing methodology, organization structure and principles of the four modules are described in this article. It is also our hope that the research result can help the enterprises to build up ERP.

This study is based on human resources management to discuss the operating model of dispatched enterprises which includes the influences of cross-organizational collaboration between the internal part and external environment on operating performance. Due to the studies of discussing operating model of dispatched industry were quite limited in the past, this study founds on human resources management, supply-chain management, cross-organizational recreation and cooperative relationships adopting qualitative case study research method. Taking U company which belongs to China Steel Company group for example, collates data and analyzes the subordinative relationships between dispatched agency, dispatched workers and dispatched enterprises and the real operating condition of the industry to construct a operating model which could improve the image of dispatched industry. The result findings are as follows: 1.The operating model of the dispatched industry should control the expected financial target first to be the index of analyzing external environment risks and opportunities and estimating the reaction ability of the company. 2.The operating model is not invariable. It is a dynamic system. It will not find the right direction until proceeding reciprocation procedures many times even continuing. 3.To increase operating performances, dispatched enterprises usually keep different level of cross-organizational collaborative relationships with dispatched agencies. Dispatched enterprises consider that keeping good relationships could improve management efficient and have positive effect to operating performance. 4.By sharing related information, participating in the enterprise internal activities, building up coordinate system and developing mutual values, dispatched enterprises and dispatched agencies not only decrease costs, but increase revenues. 5.The innovation of operating model and transformation of management thought subvert the traditional two-way relationships between employer and employee. The irresistible developing situation of dispatched industry pushes the government to accelerate legislation to be taken as the base for the dispatched industry. The study results could supply for dispatched industry as empirical application consultation and bring up for government legislating for labor dispatched law on the subject of protecting rights of dispatched workers, increasing dispatched job opportunities and developing potential labor force.

Abstract Currently there is not much study references related to product collaboration development model. In general only a concept of ideas or case study, but to be specific on detail steps of operating efficiency with best practice configuration, workplace, and management which is lack. So building a proper collaborative product development strategy reduces man-made mistakes and avoids process lateness will be a useful solution. Therefore, this research is focus on OEM business model of automobile press die industry in Taiwan. To investigate the new product development phase of the business models, including Proposal, Planning, R&D Design, Laboratory Pilot Run, Engineering Pilot Run, Production Pilot Run, Mass Productions. Also explore collaboration design process and simulations of the enterprise headquarter, customers and supplier. At the end, the research is use the ARIS modeling tool to establish OEM reference model of automobile press die, to bring a useful practical experiences as reference.

Nowadays, given the high pressure caused by severe competition, establishing a more efficient supply-chain management has become an essential competitive strategy for many manufacturing firms. The inter-organizational systems (IOS) are considered to be the most important instrument that can link manufacturers and suppliers in the supply chain. Thus, supply chain management has become more valuable as more and more people realize that it is the supply chain that is critical when analyzing a company¡¦s advantage competence. Nowadays, business to business (B2B) commerce is the new subject in e-commerce: IOS are the systems that link several different organizations. In the past, the researchers not only discuss IOS adoption and use from the perspectives of technology, organization and environment. Now, however, they also evaluate factors which impact on the adoption of electronic data interchange (EDI) systems. Because the Internet expands, the role of IOS moves from being merely an operational tool to becoming a collaborative commercial instrument. Thus, integration has become a critical issue. On the other hand, firms have to address the variable environment more than ever, because they not only maintain the fixed supply chain components but also link up with the global market. The role of IOS has progressed from being concerned only with operational efficiency to becoming a collaborative tactical tool. This study emphasizes two major dimensions: transaction and partnership, as the main factors which affect IOS integration in manufacturer-supplier dyads. Based on a survey of Taiwanese electronics firms, our results show that based on the context of transactions and partnerships, there are five critical factors that have a positive significant effect on IOS integration, that is, the complexity of components, component criticality, trust, supplier dependence and supplier investments. Market variables have negative significant effects on IOS integration. The uncertainty of demand is the only factor that has an insignificant effect on IOS integration. In this study, partnership characteristics are more important than transaction ones. Keeping collaborative relationship will improve the depth of IOS integration.

<p>Collaborative engineering assumes a common understanding of the domain. To make joint decisions the engineers must have a common language to start from. Standards such as STEP may be used to communicate engineering data but to speak about information integration and interoperability there must be ways to expose and share concepts as well.</p><p>By defining the concepts in a reference data library it is possible to extend the generic information models with a more precise definition of the content being exchanged. However, since concepts are depending on the context (the business) they have to be identified and defined. Thus, to reach this level of integration we must take a broader approach to information modelling incorporating product realization concepts into our modelling effort.</p><p>This thesis presents a new reference model for manufacturing applications. It shows how the business may be modelled to identify the product realization concepts and how to foster a shared understanding of the information being exchanged using available technology. The reference model has been used and verified when developing the PIL application; a kind of engineering process support system for machine procurement, but may also be used in a wider sense when developing the next generation of model driven solutions.</p>

Transportation networks constitute a critical infrastructure enabling the transfers of passengers and goods, with a significant impact on the economy at different scales. Transportation modes, whether air, road or rail, are coupled and interdependent. The frequent occurrence of perturbations on one or several modes disrupts passengers' entire journeys, directly and through ripple effects. Collaborative Decision Making has shown significant benefits at the airport level, both in the US and in Europe. This dissertation examines how it could be extended to the multimodal network level, discusses the supporting qualitative and quantitative evidence, and provides recommendations for implementation. A case study on the crisis management following the Asiana Crash at San Francisco International Airport in July 2013 is presented. The resulting propagation of disturbances on the transportation infrastructure in the United States is examined. The perturbation takes different forms and varies in scale and time frames : cancellations and delays snowball in the airspace, highway traffic near the airport is impacted by congestion in previously never congested locations, and transit passenger demand exhibit unusual traffic peaks in between airports in the Bay Area. The crash led to a large number of domestic and international flight diversions to many airports, such as Oakland, San Jose, Los Angeles, but also Denver, Salt Lake City and Seattle for instance. Thousands of passengers found themselves struggling to reach their original destination. Passenger reaccommodation varied greatly from airline to airline and airport to airport.First a passenger-centric reaccommodation scheme is developed to balance costs and delays, for each diversion airport. Second, assuming better information sharing and collaborative decision making, we show that there was enough capacity at the neighboring airports, Oakland and San Jose, to accommodate most of the diverted flights and reoptimize the allocation of flight diversions to the Bay Area airports. The present research paves the way further data-driven research on interdependent infrastructure networks for increased resilience. The end goal is to form the basis for optimization models behind providing more reliable passenger door-to-door journeys and improved transportation performance.

Two works, Static and The Fictional Life of Historical Oddities represent the dichotomy and symbiosis of two different models of playwriting I have pursued while at the University of Texas. This thesis reflects back on the processes that lead to these plays through periods of generation, revision and refinement. I've sought to find not only distinctions but areas of overlap. / text