This study investigates and identifies the factors that affect mistrust and uncertainty when Korean industrial multinational enterprises (MNEs) generate new ideas in the front-end phase of new product development (NPD) processes. Specifically, this study focuses on the process of applying research data to support the generation and development of new products. Current research indicates that many companies frequently experience difficulties in this regard. This study comprises a large body of empirical study-centred research. It collates multiple interviews with research-based teams (consisting of planners as well as marketers and lifestyle researchers) and practice-based teams (i.e. designers and engineers) of leading multinational companies in the smart electronics and automobile industries. A primary outcome of the research is the specification of key constructs relating to mistrust and uncertainty during the application of research data in the process of selecting new ideas within the front-end of the NPD process, which appear to be linked to three factors: (i) a lack of common language (perspectives and approaches related to data and information when obtaining insights) between diverse expertise groups, (ii) a lack of appropriate communication channels between different functional groups, and (iii) a lack of productive tactics in using internal information. This research aims to enrich NPD studies by presenting the validity of the existing theory with detailed practical examples and to find distinctive new knowledge by identifying emerging issues from recent NPD processes in the industry. Furthermore, this study establishes an idea generation framework that will potentially enable MNEs to use their research data more effectively when developing real products and to better perform cross-functional tasks.

Leung Ping-chung. / Thesis (D.Sc.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

Transition of natural convection flow on a heated flat plate and inside a heated channel is studied numerically. Three different RANS based turbulent k-ε models namely standard, RNG and Realizable with an enhanced wall function are employed in the simulations. Additionally, a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique is also applied to particularly investigate the flow field and transition in a heated plate facing upward. Numerous published papers presented the typical characteristic behaviour of natural convection flow inside a channel, however, none of these provided information about the transition behaviour of flow inside a channel, and importantly, how the transition is affected by the merging of two growing boundary layers which occur inside a channel. Therefore, taking the above important things into consideration, the aim of the study is to carry out in-depth investigations of the transition of the free convection flow inside a channel with an effect of its width, angular orientation and several important thermal and boundary conditions. Moreover, the transition phenomena of the free convection flow developing in a heated channel facing both downward and upward are thoroughly investigated in the thesis. Numerically predicted results are compared with available experimental data in the published literatures. Fluid properties are assumed to be constant except for the density which changes with temperature and gives rise to the buoyancy forces and is treated by using the Boussinesq approach. Air with a Prandtl number of 0.7 is used as a test fluid in all the simulations. In the RANS based models, the results show that the Realizable model with an enhanced wall function predicts numerical results well compared to the experiment than those obtained by the other two models (standard and RNG), therefore this model was selected to perform all the other RANS based numerical simulations in this work. The results particularly indicate that the inclination of the channel has major effects on the transition stage. As the inclination angle is increased, the transition stage moves further downstream of the channel. However, the predicted local heat flux, reached its minimum further upstream of the channel, does not agree with that of the velocity and turbulent kinetic energy in a small channel width. Natural convection from an isothermal plate is conducted by using a Large Eddy Simulation method. The results show that with an increase in the angle the peak of the thermal and velocity boundary layers move from the near outlet of the plate for the vertical case to the middle of the plate when θ = -70°. So the thermal and boundary layers become fatter which causes an early transition.

No description available.

Collected Stories of William Faulkner, published in 1950 and awarded the National Book Award for Fiction in 1951, is more than an arbitrarily arranged selection of representative stories. Indeed, it is remarkably similar in form and theme to many of Faulkner's novels, especially Go Down, Moses, and can profitably be read as a unified work.Like Go Down, Moses, As I Lay Dying, Light in August and other Faulkner novels, Collected Stories is structured around a center, in this case a theme: the relationship between man and his environment. The six chapters of Collected Stories and the stories within each chapter are arranged in a "counterpointed" fashion; together, they offer myriad ways of looking at the central theme.Each chapter of the work is unified thematically, and each ultimately has relevance to the theme of man in relationship to his environment. "The Country" is set in ruralYoknapatawpha County and concerns the idea of self-assertion.

Both sleep diaries and actigraphy have been recommended to assess sleep in research and clinical settings. Investigators have traditionally used sleep diaries that were completed daily by participants and collected weekly but have recently begun using sleep diaries that are both completed and collected daily. No research had previously assessed the agreement between daily-collected sleep diaries and actigraph data over one week. Undergraduate students were randomly assigned to use daily- or weekly-collected sleep diaries. Sleep parameters obtained from these measures were compared to each other via concordance with concurrent actigraph data. It was hypothesized that daily-collected sleep diaries would have greater concordance with actigraphy than weekly-collected sleep diaries. Results indicated that daily-collected sleep diaries provided more reliable data than weekly-collected sleep diaries, but the differences were not statistically significant. Additional aims examined self-reported sleep diary adherence, the participation day number, and day of the week. There were trends for the Daily group to have better adherence. Overall concordance did not change based on the day number or day of the week. Both sleep diaries yield comparable sleep parameter data, suggesting that clinicians and researchers can use either method to estimate sleep parameters.

Current and emerging threats to trees and forest ecosystems require a re-evaluation of the way forest genetic resources are managed. Governments in the United Kingdom and elsewhere are committed to the restoration, expansion and creation of new woodlands. Tree populations are often adaptively differentiated from one another, so a key question underpinning the success of planting schemes is the choice of seed origin. A long held understanding is that locally sourced seeds will have the best opportunity to tolerate conditions of the planting site (local provenancing). However, the rate at which the environment is changing introduces a great deal of uncertainty into decision making and there is concern that climate change is proceeding at rates faster than those with which locally adapted trees would be able to cope. As such, there are suggestions that seed collected from areas already experiencing the anticipated future conditions will improve the adaptability of forests (predictive provenancing). This thesis investigated outstanding questions relating to the merits of the local provenancing and predictive provenancing approaches, and the practical implementation of seed sourcing policy in British forestry. The validity of existing seed zone boundaries used under local provenancing was analysed for ancient semi-natural Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. forests of Scotland. Vegetation description and analyses of climatic covariates revealed that the existing series of seed zones used to guide selection of planting stock for restoration do not necessarily environmentally match seed sources to planting sites under current conditions. Additional disparity is introduced when edaphic variation (or proxies for this) is considered. To determine whether future adaptation under local provenancing may be restricted by limited pollen flow among populations of native Scots pine in Scotland, the timing of pollen production in five populations was estimated by repeatedly measuring strobilus development on a series of twenty trees over three consecutive springs. Differences in the mean predicted date of pollen production were found, with populations in the warmer west shedding pollen earliest each year, although the timing and differences in timing among populations varied from year to year, with shedding taking place earliest in the warmest of the three years and latest in the coolest year. A theoretical multi-patch, ecological genetic individual-based model (IBM) was developed to investigate the utility of different seed sourcing strategies (local versus non local provenance) and their capacity to help populations adapt to directional climate change. As well as being adapted to climate, which varied in a clinal pattern, individuals also had to be well adapted to the habitat conditions of the planting site in order to survive hard selection at the seedling stage. The model showed that population size of a new planting was reduced when planting stock adapted to the future conditions but not to current conditions was deployed. The differences were most severe when selection acted simultaneously on both the climate-related and the habitat-related phenotype. Finally, a series of in-depth qualitative surveys conducted with members of the domestic forest nursery and seed supply sector in Great Britain found that there are many difficulties associated with seed sourcing and the supply of trees. These problems arise due to a very limited ability to predict demand at the time of seed sowing, and lead to waste when demand is overestimated and importation of planting stock when demand is underestimated. Confidence and competitiveness in the domestic sector could be greatly improved by updating seed sourcing guidelines and by simplifying certain aspects of the process by which forest planting projects are funded.

Orientador: Idelmo Rangel Garcia Júnior / Resumo: Foi realizado um estudo histomorfométrico para avaliar o reparo ósseo em cavidades experimentais criadas na tíbia de coelhos, preenchidas com dois tipos de partículas de osso autógeno. Foram utilizados 12 coelhos, nos quais foram realizadas 3 cavidades unicorticais de 7 mm de diâmetro, com uma broca trefina, na face lateral da tíbia direita. Os defeitos ósseos foram preenchidos respectivamente com partículas de osso autógeno obtidas com um triturador manual, com partículas de osso autógeno recolhidas com um coletor ósseo durante o preparo de cavidades com a seqüência de brocas de implantes e com coagulo sangüíneo servindo como controle. Os animais foram igualmente distribuídos em 3 grupos e sacrificados nos períodos de 7, 15 e 30 dias. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, aos 7 dias todos os grupos apresentaram-se preenchidos por coágulo sangüíneo, sendo observada a presença de partículas ósseas autógenas nos grupos triturado ( 44,75% ) e coletado ( 24% ). No período de 15 dias, notou-se a diferenciação conjuntiva em todos os grupos, com ausência de neoformação óssea no grupo controle ( 0% ), presença de partículas ósseas e início de formação óssea nos grupos coletado (38,88%) e triturado (46%). No período de 30 dias observou-se a neoformação óssea nos grupos controle (50%), coletado (64,63%) e triturado (66%) com a presença de um trabeculado ósseo imaturo. De acordo com a metodologia utilizada, concluiu-se que: a diferença entre a neoformação óssea nas cavidades dos grupos triturado e coletado não foi estatisticamente significante, porem mostrou-se superior a do grupo controle no aspecto quantitativo e qualitativo. As partículas ósseas do grupo triturado não foram totalmente reabsorvidas nos períodos analisados, enquanto que no grupo coletado houve uma reabsorção das partículas ósseas e neoformação óssea superiores aos do grupo triturado. / Abstract: A histomorphometric study was carried out to evaluate the bone repair in experimental cavities created in rabbits tibiae and filled with two types of particulate autogenous bone grafts. Twelve rabbits were used. In each tibia, on the right lateral face, three 7 mm diameter unicortical cavities were performed with a trephine bur. The bone defects were respectively filled with particles of autogenous bone obtained with manual bone mill, with autogenous bone particles collected with a bone collector during the cavities preparation with implant burs, and with the blood clot serving as a control group. The animals were equally divided in three groups and sacrificed on 7, 15 and 30 days. According to the obtained results, on the seventh day all the groups showed to be filled with blood clots with the presence of autogenous bone particles observed on the triturated group (44,75%) and collected group (24%). At the fifteenth day period it was noted connective tissue differentiation in all the groups, with no bone neoformation noted on the control group (0%). Presence of bone particles and beginning of osteogenesis was noted in the collected (38,88%) and triturated (46%) groups. On the thirtieth day bone neoformation was observed in the control (50%), collected (64,63%) and triturated (66,63%) groups as well as the presence of immature trabecular bone. According to the methodology utilized, it was concluded that the bone formation occurred in the cavities of the triturated and collected groups did not show statistical significance, however being superior to the control group as to the quantitative and qualitative aspect. The bone particles of the triturated group were not totally reabsorbed in the analyzed periods, while in the collected group there was a bone particles resorption and bone neoformation in a higher degree than in the triturated group. / Mestre

This thesis depends on the paper &lsquo / Non-Boolean Almost Perfect Nonlinear Functions on Non- Abelian Groups&rsquo / by Laurent Poinsot and Alexander Pott and we have no new costructions here. We give an introduction about character theory and the paper of Poinsot and Pott, and we also compare previous definitions of bent functions with the definition of the bent function in the paper. As a conclusion, we give new theoretical definitions of bent, PN, APN ana maximum nonlinearity. Moreover, we show that bent and PN functions are not always same in the non-abelian cases.

Housing problem had firstly emerged in Ankara after the establishment of Turkish Republic and increased after the 2nd World War. With the population increases in the cities, due to the migration from rural to urban areas, the housing need have increased also as well as the other requirements. Housing Cooperatives that had first developed at 1934 represent a new type of licensed residence. Some precautions such as financial support were taken by the governments to solve this continuously rising housing problem. Therefore, the housing cooperatives had been supported effectively by the governments especially after 1960&rsquo / s. In 1980&rsquo / s, the housing necessity caused different searches in governmental level. Then, a clear resurgence observed in the housing sector with the means of Mass Housing laws accepted. The housing efforts in Adana had been accelerated with the establishments of housing cooperatives after 1960&rsquo / s and the constructions had performed great leaps nearly in every decade. This thesis analyzes the effects of housing cooperatives on the urban development of Adana city.