The aim of this thesis is to develop conservation principles for the brick and tile industry in Eskisehir, one of the symbolic industrial cities in Turkey where brick and tile has been the significant production from the Early Republic Period. The conservation of these structures, complexes and mechanical elements is a controversial issue owing to their physical, economical, social and administrative values. The principles how to conserve and why is searched through discussions on conservation approaches, development plans and values. Focusing on this aim, this study is structured in six parts as the research on industrialization and industrial heritage, review and discussion of value types, survey on brick and tile industry, the value assessment process for the factories with the proposed value types and the implementation of conservation principles. In conclusion, the development of principles is an essential process in conservation of cultural heritage. This thesis proposes conservation principles over physical, social and administrative structure for industrial heritage for brick and tile factories in the Eskisehir Industrial Area.

The territory of Pontus once occupied by the Mithridatic Kingdom in the Hellenistic Period and fell under the Roman Empire in the first century B.C., layed between the Pontus Euxine (Black Sea) and the northern edge of the Anatolian plateau. In his Geography Strabo describes Pontus with a detailed account of the settlements. In his description of his hometown Amaseia (Amasya today), he mentions a plain with 1000 villages called Chiliocomum. Indeed, the archaeological survey data indicates that there were a large number of settlements dating to the Hellenistic and the Roman period in this region. The aim of this thesis is to quantify the settlement - environment relationship and to investigate and compare settlement patterns in the Hellenistic and Roman periods by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Data sets are used in the study includes a settlement database, topography, road network, soil and current landuse which were spatially analysed in GIS. Raster analyses, proximity analyses and density analyses are conducted in order to understand and compare site distribution and landuse. The results of the GIS analyses revealed that settlements were located in particular areas of the landscape. Some of these areas continued to be settled from the Hellenistic through the Roman period, while others were abandoned and alternative landscapes have replaced them. The results of the various analyses were utilized to discuss issues related to the shift in the political power and the socio-political structure in the region from the Hellenistic and to the Roman period.

Heat treatment (around 50&deg / C) is a major step in honey filling and packaging that is applied before filtration to decrease viscosity, reduce the moisture level, to destroy yeasts, liquefy crystals and delay crystallization. As a result, formation of Hydroxy Methyl Furfural (HMF), decrease in enzymatic activity, color deterioration, decrease in viscosity and many other structural changes are observed. HMF is produced as a result of Maillard reaction and/or hexose dehydration -which is undesirable-, practically, it is found in fresh honey in low levels, and increases due to heat treatment, storage temperature, pH (acidity) and sugar concentration of honey. HMF level and diastase number are important quality parameters and shelf life indicators of honey. Alternatives of v heat treatment may be the use of ultrasound and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to decrease viscosity, liquefy honey and thus minimise adverse affects of heat treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of HHP (220-330 MPa, 50-60&deg / C, time) and ultrasound (24 kHz) on liquefaction and quality parameters (HMF, diastase number, color and viscosity) of different honey varieties (sunflower, cotton and canola) and to compare the changes with heat treated (50&deg / C and 60&deg / C, time) and untreated honey. Based on the results of the chemical and physical analysis, for HHP treatment the best treatment combination was determined as 220 MPa, 50&deg / C, 106 min. For ultrasound treatment the best treatment combinations were determined as 7 mm probe- 0.5 cycle (batch) applications. On this basis the study points out that Ultrasound and HHP can be suggested as alternative methods to traditional thermal treatment for the liquefaction of honey crystals. When compared to thermal treatment, Ultrasound is advantageous in shorter application times, slight changes in quality parameters and ease in operation. HHP treatment is also an alternative method with shorter application times and lower HMF values.

Controlled release formulations offer many advantages over conventional dosage forms. These include reduced plasma fluctuations and improved patient comp1i:nce. Complex controlled release formulations such as those with enteric release properties, often require additional steps in the production phase. The costs and economic impact associated with these complex controlled release dosage formulations often outweigh the immediate benefits. Thus the development of an economic method to produce controlled release particles is of great importance especially in third world countries. In controlled release formulations, the drug is generally dispersed throughout a polymer matrix. The rate of drug release is often determined by the viscosity or complexity of the polymer matrix through which the drug needs to diffuse in order to be released. With enteric release the polymer coating, insoluble in an acidic environment is often applied in the final phase of production. Chitosan is a versatile polymer of natural origin with many favourable characteristics. These include its safety, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Simple methods can be applied and modified to produce controlled release particles form chitosan. The effect of modern controlled release polymers such as Aqoat AS-HF, Eudragit SlOO and Kollidon SR was investigated. Chitosan beads and chitosan-polymer beads, as well as chitosan granules and chitosan-polymer granules, were prepared and investigated as possible controlled release formulations. Ketoprofen was chosen as the model drug. Chitosan beads and chitosan-polymer beads were prepared by inotropic gelation in tripolyphosphate. Chitosan granules and chitosan-polymer matrix granules were prepared by binding chitosan with an acetic acid solution as a granulating system. The beads and granules appeared differed in appearance as well as in the results obtained from various experiments. Granules prepared in the study did not appear to be effective with regards to enteric and controlled release. Beads prepared form Kollidon SR appeared to be effective with regards to enteric and controlled release, with Kollidon 1% and 5% w/v chitosan beads achieving good drug loading of up to 73.13% and releasing less than 15 % of the total drug content in 0.1 M HCI after 60 minutes. Drug release continued steadily for up to 360 minutes in pH 7.2. It was concluded that Kollidon SR loaded chitosan beads nay be a viable controlled release dosage form with enteric release properties, and that future experiments, possibly with lower polymer concentrations, are worthwhile / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

The purpose of this investigation was to investigate how being outdoors and participating in physical activities affect the concentration in a collection situation among children. The methods I chose were observation of two groups of children two times each and interviews with four educators. The results showed that the concentration in the collected situation depends on past activity, where it has taken place and that the environment has an impact. If the previous activity been more active and physical the subsequent collected situation is calmer and the children more concentrate. The facts that the children have been outside in an inspiring environment that encourage playing and movement also have a position impact on the child´s ability to concentrate. The collected situation is an important moment in the preschool day when the kids need to congregate and get a chance for social interaction and a sense of togetherness with all the children and teachers. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between movement, physical activity and an increased concentration. But if it applies equally to all children, regardless of age or certain disabilities, remains to be seen in further research. / Syftet med undersökningen var att undersöka hur utevistelse och fysisk aktivitet påverkar koncentrationen vid en samlingssituation i förskolan. Metoderna som valdes var observationer av två barngrupper vid två tillfällen vardera och intervjuer med fyra pedagoger. Resultatet visade att koncentrationen i samlingen beror på tidigare aktivitet, var den har ägt rum och att även miljön har en påverkan. Om den tidigare aktiviteten varit mer aktiv och fysisk är efterföljande samling lugnare och barnen mer koncentrerade. Att barnen också har varit ute i en inspirerande miljö som lockar till lek och rörelse har även det en positiv inverkan på barnens koncentrationsförmåga. Samlingen är en viktig stund i förskolans vardag då barnen behöver samlas och få en chans till socialt samspel och en känsla av samhörighet med alla barn och pedagoger. Slutsatsen är att det finns ett samband mellan rörelse, fysisk aktivitet och en ökad koncentration. Men om det gäller lika för alla barn, oavsett ålder eller viss funktionsnedsättning, återstår att se i vidare forskning.

Controlled release formulations offer many advantages over conventional dosage forms. These include reduced plasma fluctuations and improved patient comp1i:nce. Complex controlled release formulations such as those with enteric release properties, often require additional steps in the production phase. The costs and economic impact associated with these complex controlled release dosage formulations often outweigh the immediate benefits. Thus the development of an economic method to produce controlled release particles is of great importance especially in third world countries. In controlled release formulations, the drug is generally dispersed throughout a polymer matrix. The rate of drug release is often determined by the viscosity or complexity of the polymer matrix through which the drug needs to diffuse in order to be released. With enteric release the polymer coating, insoluble in an acidic environment is often applied in the final phase of production. Chitosan is a versatile polymer of natural origin with many favourable characteristics. These include its safety, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Simple methods can be applied and modified to produce controlled release particles form chitosan. The effect of modern controlled release polymers such as Aqoat AS-HF, Eudragit SlOO and Kollidon SR was investigated. Chitosan beads and chitosan-polymer beads, as well as chitosan granules and chitosan-polymer granules, were prepared and investigated as possible controlled release formulations. Ketoprofen was chosen as the model drug. Chitosan beads and chitosan-polymer beads were prepared by inotropic gelation in tripolyphosphate. Chitosan granules and chitosan-polymer matrix granules were prepared by binding chitosan with an acetic acid solution as a granulating system. The beads and granules appeared differed in appearance as well as in the results obtained from various experiments. Granules prepared in the study did not appear to be effective with regards to enteric and controlled release. Beads prepared form Kollidon SR appeared to be effective with regards to enteric and controlled release, with Kollidon 1% and 5% w/v chitosan beads achieving good drug loading of up to 73.13% and releasing less than 15 % of the total drug content in 0.1 M HCI after 60 minutes. Drug release continued steadily for up to 360 minutes in pH 7.2. It was concluded that Kollidon SR loaded chitosan beads nay be a viable controlled release dosage form with enteric release properties, and that future experiments, possibly with lower polymer concentrations, are worthwhile / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

ABSTRACT MODELING OF CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION IN A DEEP SALINE AQUIFER BASBUg, BaSar M.S., Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Fevzi G&uuml / mrah July 2005, 245 pages CO2 is one of the hazardous greenhouse gases causing significant changes in the environment. The sequestering CO2 in a suitable geological medium can be a feasible method to avoid the negative effects of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. CO2 sequestration is the capture of, separation, and long-term storage of CO2 in underground geological environments. A case study was simulated regarding the CO2 sequestration in a deep saline aquifer. The compositional numerical model (GEM) of the CMG software was used to study the ability of the selected aquifer to accept and retain the large quantities of injected CO2 at supercritical state for long periods of time (200 years). A field-scale model with two injectors and six water producers and a single-well aquifer model cases were studied. In a single-well aquifer model, the effects of parameters such as vertical to horizontal permeability ratio, aquifer pressure, injection rate, and salinity on the sequestration process were examined and the sensitivity analyses were performed after simulating the field-scale model. The supercritical CO2, one-state fluid which exhibits both gas and liquid-like properties, and gaseous CO2 were sequestered in the forms of free CO2 bubble, dissolved CO2 in brine and precipitated CO2 with calcite mineral in a deep saline aquifer. The isothermal condition was assumed during injection and sequestration processes. The change in porosity and permeability values that might have occurred due to mineralization and CO2 adsorption on rock were not considered in this study. Vertical to horizontal permeability ratio and initial pressure conditions were the most dominating parameters affecting the CO2 saturation in each layer of the aquifer whereas CO2 injection rate influenced CO2 saturation in middle and bottom layers since CO2 was injected through bottom layer.

Orientador: Brunno Vinicius Gonçalves Vieira / Banca: Fabiane Renata Borsato / Banca: Maria de Lourdes Ortiz Gandini Baldan / Banca: Vera Lúcia Batalha de Siqueira Renda / Banca: Érico Nogueira / Resumo: A presente tese busca fornecer uma biobibliografia crítica do poeta paulista Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos (1919-1992), de um ponto de vista globalizante até agora não realizada de forma plena pela crítica especializada. Este trabalho abarca sua própria obra poética (com cinco livros de poesia), bem como suas facetas de tradutor e crítico literário. Para sua realização, utilizaram-se os livros, textos avulsos e manuscritos constantes do "Acervo Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos", que está hoje sob guarda da UNIFATEA, em Lorena-SP, terra natal do poeta, de modo a fornecer o máximo de informações à análise e interpretação de sua obra. Nesse âmbito bibliográfico, a pesquisa se serve de aparato metodológico da crítica genética de autores tais como Eneida Maria de Souza, Louis Hay e Philippe Willemart. No tratamento da poesia e das traduções de Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos, parte-se das reflexões teóricas do autor sobre a métrica tradicional, sobre o ritmo na poesia moderna e sobre questões tradutórias, trazendo também para a análise contribuições de metricistas consagrados como Chociay e Said Ali, bem como ideias de tradução de autores como Paulo Rónai, Sebastião Uchoa Leite e Haroldo de Campos. A abordagem crítica da obra pretendeu demonstrar de que modo se delineiam forma e conteúdo tanto nas diferentes fases de sua produção autoral quanto nas traduções do poeta, bem como procura investigar os reflexos de sua erudição literária em sua obra, além de suas relações com a "Geraç... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis aims to provide a critical biobibliography of the "paulista" poet Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos (1919-1992), from a globalizing point of view hitherto not fully realized by specialized critics. This work includes his own poetic work (with five books of poetry), as well as his facets of translator and literary critic. The books, unpublished texts and manuscripts contained in the "Pericles Eugênio da Silva Ramos Collection", which is now under the custody of UNIFATEA, in Lorena-SP, the poet's home, are used for its accomplishment. the analysis and interpretation of his work. In this bibliographic context, the research serves as a methodological apparatus of the genetic critique of authors such as Eneida Maria de Souza, Louis Hay and Philippe Willemart. In the treatment of poetry and the translations of Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos, one begins with the theoretical reflections of the author on the traditional metric, on the rhythm in modern poetry and on questions of translation, also bringing to the analysis contributions of consecrated metricists such as Chociay and Said Ali, as well as translation ideas from authors like Paulo Rónai, Sebastião Uchoa Leite and Haroldo de Campos. The critical approach of the work sought to demonstrate how the form and content are delineated both in the different phases of his authorial production and in the translations of the poet, as well as seeks to investigate the reflexes of his literary erudition in his work, as well as hi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:50:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 coradazzi_lf_me_araca.pdf: 2222457 bytes, checksum: d4df3c1b61fe6c5d468f78b6582caafb (MD5) / Foi realizado um estudo histomorfométrico para avaliar o reparo ósseo em cavidades experimentais criadas na tíbia de coelhos, preenchidas com dois tipos de partículas de osso autógeno. Foram utilizados 12 coelhos, nos quais foram realizadas 3 cavidades unicorticais de 7 mm de diâmetro, com uma broca trefina, na face lateral da tíbia direita. Os defeitos ósseos foram preenchidos respectivamente com partículas de osso autógeno obtidas com um triturador manual, com partículas de osso autógeno recolhidas com um coletor ósseo durante o preparo de cavidades com a seqüência de brocas de implantes e com coagulo sangüíneo servindo como controle. Os animais foram igualmente distribuídos em 3 grupos e sacrificados nos períodos de 7, 15 e 30 dias. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, aos 7 dias todos os grupos apresentaram-se preenchidos por coágulo sangüíneo, sendo observada a presença de partículas ósseas autógenas nos grupos triturado ( 44,75% ) e coletado ( 24% ). No período de 15 dias, notou-se a diferenciação conjuntiva em todos os grupos, com ausência de neoformação óssea no grupo controle ( 0% ), presença de partículas ósseas e início de formação óssea nos grupos coletado (38,88%) e triturado (46%). No período de 30 dias observou-se a neoformação óssea nos grupos controle (50%), coletado (64,63%) e triturado (66%) com a presença de um trabeculado ósseo imaturo. De acordo com a metodologia utilizada, concluiu-se que: a diferença entre a neoformação óssea nas cavidades dos grupos triturado e coletado não foi estatisticamente significante, porem mostrou-se superior a do grupo controle no aspecto quantitativo e qualitativo. As partículas ósseas do grupo triturado não foram totalmente reabsorvidas nos períodos analisados, enquanto que no grupo coletado houve uma reabsorção das partículas ósseas e neoformação óssea superiores aos do grupo triturado. / A histomorphometric study was carried out to evaluate the bone repair in experimental cavities created in rabbits tibiae and filled with two types of particulate autogenous bone grafts. Twelve rabbits were used. In each tibia, on the right lateral face, three 7 mm diameter unicortical cavities were performed with a trephine bur. The bone defects were respectively filled with particles of autogenous bone obtained with manual bone mill, with autogenous bone particles collected with a bone collector during the cavities preparation with implant burs, and with the blood clot serving as a control group. The animals were equally divided in three groups and sacrificed on 7, 15 and 30 days. According to the obtained results, on the seventh day all the groups showed to be filled with blood clots with the presence of autogenous bone particles observed on the triturated group (44,75%) and collected group (24%). At the fifteenth day period it was noted connective tissue differentiation in all the groups, with no bone neoformation noted on the control group (0%). Presence of bone particles and beginning of osteogenesis was noted in the collected (38,88%) and triturated (46%) groups. On the thirtieth day bone neoformation was observed in the control (50%), collected (64,63%) and triturated (66,63%) groups as well as the presence of immature trabecular bone. According to the methodology utilized, it was concluded that the bone formation occurred in the cavities of the triturated and collected groups did not show statistical significance, however being superior to the control group as to the quantitative and qualitative aspect. The bone particles of the triturated group were not totally reabsorbed in the analyzed periods, while in the collected group there was a bone particles resorption and bone neoformation in a higher degree than in the triturated group.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArquivoTotal.pdf: 4558606 bytes, checksum: be8c1d600d983338b24113057b7b0b15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The situation of the solid waste management has worried the world community in many different cities, that mostly happens because of the large growing of Urban Solid Waste (USW) generation combined with consumer goods increase. This research aims to analyse the spatial and temporal variation in the Residential Solid Waste generated (RSW) in two different areas of João Pessoa from 2003 to 2010, period between the last population survey and the sanitary landfill opening. The research has been developed considering the whole volume of waste collected at 55 different areas in Joao Pessoa-PB which covers 93.4 % of the city population. The methodology included a preliminary analysis from the RSW data, a population estimating for the years without survey data, a spatial and temporal analysis of the USW volume collected evolution in absolute terms and per capita. In addition, were analysed some correlations (Pearson, r, and Spearman rk) for the year 2010 from RSW volume data from space unit and variables related to incomes and education, furthermore were analysed water and energy consumption. Using the IPAT approach, where I is the considered environmental impact as USW volume collected, P is population, A is the affluence (population capital, measured with the Gross Domestic Product) and T is the technological factor, three different future scenarios for the USW collected volume were projected in João Pessoa for the next 20 years. From 2003 to 2010, the total USW collected volume grows 32%, from 150,982 t to 199,870. In the same period, the population increased 15%. The RSW collected volume per capita increased from 0.70 kg/capita/day in 2003 up to 0.81 kg/capita/day in 2010. A strong correlation was detected between RSW and the power consumption, while for water consumption such correlation had a lower intensity. The future scenarios for 2030 showed an increase between 36% and 69% in relation to 2010 for the RSW. The values are going to change from 312.060 t to 650.757 t. The forecasts estimated between 0,81 e 1,69 kg/capita/day of RSW collected volume in 2030. In spite of some data gaps and limitations in the adopted methodology, the obtained results illustrate a perspective of the reality in terms of the city RSW collected volume along a period of eight years. The information above may orientate the responsible entities on for a better monitoring of Urban Solid Wastes collect activities, equipment scaling and optimizing human resources and general management and also analyse this information by testing and comparison. / A adequada gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos, ou a falta dela, tem sido razão de preocupação para comunidade mundial, em cidades de portes diversos. Isso ocorre, em parte, ao grande aumento na geração do lixo conjugado ao consumo de bens materiais. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar a variação espaço-temporal da massa coletada dos Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares (RSD) dos bairros de João Pessoa no período entre os anos de 2003-2010, desde a abertura do aterro sanitário ao último ano do recenseamento populacional. O estudo foi desenvolvido levando em consideração toda a massa coletada de 55 bairros do município de João Pessoa-PB envolvendo um total de 93,4% dos habitantes da cidade. A metodologia adotada abrangeu inicialmente uma etapa de análise preliminar dos dados da coleta de RSD, estimativa populacional para anos sem dados de censo, análise espacial e temporal da evolução da massa coletada de RSD em termos absolutos e per capita. Foram também analisadas correlações (de Pearson, r, e de Spearman rk) para o ano de 2010 entre dados de massa de RSD por unidade espacial e variáveis relativas à renda e educação, como também consumo de energia e água. Utilizando a abordagem IPAT, onde I é o impacto ambiental considerado como massa coletada de RSD, P é a população, A é o poder aquisitivo e T é o fator tecnológico, foram traçados três cenários futuros de projeção de massa coletada de RSD para João Pessoa em um horizonte de 20 anos. De 2003 a 2010, a massa total de RSD coletada passou de 150.982 t para 199.870 t, um aumento de 32%. No mesmo período, a população aumentou 15%. A massa de RSD coletada per capita aumentou de 0,70 kg/hab/dia em 2003 para 0,81 kg/hab/dia em 2010. Correlação considerada forte foi encontrada entre RSD e consumo de energia, enquanto para o consumo de água tal correlação foi de menor intensidade. Os cenários futuros traçados indicam projeção de massa de RSD variando de 312.060 t a 650.757 t em 2030, o que significa aumento entre 36% e 69% em relação a 2010. As projeções estimaram entre 0,81 e 1,69 kg/hab/dia de massa coletada de RSD em 2030. Apesar das lacunas existentes em alguns dados e limitações da metodologia utilizada, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitem estabelecer uma perspectiva da realidade em termos da quantidade de RSD coletados ao longo de oito anos no município. Tais informações podem abalizar as entidades responsáveis, visando um melhor acompanhamento das coletas de Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares, dimensionamento e otimização de equipamentos, recursos humanos e gestão como um todo, bem como analisar essas informações, monitorando e comparando as.