This paper explores the cultural roles of tale-telling, and how these roles may have been transformed by the transcription of folk and fairy tales into “literature,” with reference to Paul Connerton’s ideas of habit-memory and collective identity, Benedict Anderson’s writing on the rise of print capitalism, and Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of cultural capital and the power of language.

Thesis (M. A. in Philosophy)--Vanderbilt University, Aug. 2009. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Cincinnati Bible Seminary, 2008. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-110).

Thesis (M.A.)--Cincinnati Christian University, 2008. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-157).

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Social Anthropology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-217). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29274

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: Charles Brewer, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in the Humanities. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 18, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 219 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Ma recherche se situe à la croisée d'un ensemble de questions complexes que sont la genèse et les pratiques de la mémoire collective, les lieux en tant que chargés de significations sociales et les espaces en tant que cadres sociaux de la mémoire (M Halbwachs). Il s'agit des motivations individuelles partagées, à travers lesquelles la mémoire collective se maintient et trouve des traductions diverses, épousant chaque fois des situations nouvelles, là où les membres du collectif se trouvent réunis. Une dynamique dans laquelle l'espace, la religion et même la langue ne seront que des outils, mobilisés pour construire et puis maintenir cette mémoire. Ce faisant, je me rattache à une littérature en expansion qui cherche à montrer l'extrême importance, pour la compréhension de cette mémoire collective, de facteurs comme le lieu, le lien social et l'expérience narrative (Blokland, 2001 ). C'est avec des immigrés originaires de la même ville algérienne, située à 400 km au sud d'Alger, qui se sont regroupés en partie dans la banlieue sud de Lyon et d'autres dans la ville d'Alger que j'entreprendrai mon analyse. Depuis le début du XX ème siècle, plusieurs générations d' immigrés se sont succédé à Lyon comme à Alger, marquant le paysage urbain, social et même politique des lieux de leurs implantations. Sans apparente organisation, ni protocole laissé par des ancêtres dictant leurs conduites, les uns comme les autres ont montré une ubiquité socio-spatiale qui raisonne fortement avec la ville d'origine. Tout au long de la recherche, j'étais confronté à une trame de pratiques de mémoire qui consistait à faire la navette entre le présent et le passé, l' individuel et le collectif. / My research is at the cross of a set of complex issues that are the genesis and the practices of the collective memory, the places charged of social signification, and the spaces being social frames of the memory (M Halbwachs). It is a question of shared individual motivations, through which the collective memory is maintained and finds different translations,married up every time to a new situation, where the members of the collective are gathered. A dynamic where the space,the religion and even the language will be only tools, mobilized to build and keep the memory alive. Thus, I use an expanding literature seeking to show the extreme importance of understanding this collective memory, of factors such as the location, the social link and the narrative experience (Blokland, 2001; Mistral, 2003).The researchis based upon immigrants from the same algerian hometown, located about 400 km from the capital Algiers (south of Algiers), who gathered mainly in the suburbs south of Lyon and others in Algiers. Since the beginning of the20th century, several generations of immigrants have corne successively to Lyon and Algiers, leaving its mark on the urban, social and even political landscape of their location. Without any apparent organization, or any protocol bequeathed by their ancestors, all of them have shown a socio-spatial ubiquity that goes strongly with the original hometown. Through the research, I have been confronted to a number of memory practices that consisted in commuting between the present and the past, the individual and the collective.

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In this thesis, I explore the cultural traumas and memories that shape Arab American identity in the US, and how such events influence their interactions and relationships with other Arab and non-Arab Americans. Drawing on memory and trauma literature, this study highlights the impact of collective memory and cultural trauma on individual and collective Arab American identity formation. Through 11 in-depth interviews, I found that trauma affected the respondents in two particular ways, through enduring traumas from their countries of immigration and the continuing impact of 9/11. Specifically, I found that the traumas of immigrating from a country where respondents had experienced direct violence through war or oppression, or where they lacked socio-economic stability, deeply impacted how they understand and utilize their Arab American identity as a tool to uplift the voices of other Arabs. Additionally, I found although the participants did not explicitly consider 9/11 as a personal trauma, they saw it as a significant cultural event that influenced their self-perception as Muslims and their sense of belonging in U.S. society. Specifically, the profiling of Arabs post-9/11 caused the respondents to constantly self-surveil as well as had negative effects on the community. 9/11 also resulted in the respondents becoming more supportive of Arab American organizations through intra-country donations, as well as becoming more accepting of alternative ways to practice and understand Islam. This study contributes to the social science literature by examining how collective trauma affects the daily lives and identities of Arab Americans. It underscores the importance of inclusivity in research, recognizing the significance of Arab American voices and the need for a comprehensive understanding of the Arab American community. / M.S. / This study explores how cultural trauma and collective memory have shaped the identity of Arab Americans in the U.S. I found that Arab Americans were affected in two ways. First, the enduring trauma of war, violence, and oppression from their countries of origin impacted how they understood their Arab American identity and used it to advocate for fellow Arabs. Second, the continuing impact of 9/11 resulted in racial/ethno-religious profiling and constant self-surveillance, which affected the community’s acceptance of alternative ways to practice and understand Islam. These experiences strengthened their sense of collective identity.

This thesis analyses international state behaviour by countries that share a historic legacy, and examines the delicate relations between West Germany, Austria and Israel in the wake of the Second World War as a case study. In it I propose a model - 'diplomacy of memory' - for this currently untheorized form of diplomatic conduct in order to explain how countries use official memories of their past on the international stage. Linking the interdisciplinary concept of collective memory with International Relations, my study characterizes the practice of 'diplomacy with memory' as a distinct policy undertaking that shapes and broadcasts historical narratives internationally for strategic foreign policy objectives. To empirically test the diplomacy of memory model, this thesis investigates the two cases of West German-Israeli and Austrian-Israeli relations in the aftermath of World War II. Within these selected pairs, four core bilateral debates are analysed: first, reparation payments to Israel in 1951/52; second, the trial of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem in 1960/61; third, the Six-Day War in 1967 and fourth, the Yom Kippur War and oil crisis of 1973. While the first two cases explore how the memory of the Nazi past is leveraged as part of later diplomatic strategies, the latter two, which concern West Germany's and Austria's reaction to the Middle East conflict, reveal a more subtle connection between national memories and foreign policy choices around key international conflicts. This study engages in historical inquiry, based on archival documents and other primary sources in all three countries, to demonstrate how a country's collective memory is invented and deployed on the international stage. Combining the theoretical aim of specifying the link between national narratives and diplomacy with the qualitative analysis of two historic cases, this thesis rests at the intersection of International Relations and History.