Colon cancer occurs in over 150,000 men and women in the United States each year and is fatal about one third of the time. There are many well characterized genetic transformations which commonly occur during colon carcinogenesis, including mutations in the Adenometous Polyposis Coli (APC), Kirsten RAS (K-RAS) and p53 genes among many others. There are also many alterations in gene and protein expression which are not yet completely elucidated. We have identified kallikrein 6 (KLK6) as a gene whose expression is dependent on cancer associated proteins such as K-RAS, SRC and caveolin-1 (CAV-1). KLK6 is a member of the kallikrein protein family which consists of 15 secreted serine proteases. Like other types of proteases, kallikreins have been demonstrated to play a role in cancer progression and they hold promise as potential cancer biomarkers. The up-regulation of KLK6 was first identified by performing a microarray analysis on a mutant K-RAS transfected Caco2 cells. The activated K-RAS transfected cells expressed significantly more KLK6 than the mock transfected controls. Pathways downstream of K-RAS were found to induce KLK6 gene expression, including the p42/44 MAPK and the PI3-K/AKT pathways. Caveolae, plasma membrane associated structures, and their principle protein component, CAV-1, positively influence both KLK6 gene expression and KLK6 protein secretion in HCT116 colon cancer derived cells. Finally, it is shown that KLK6 increases the invasive potential of cells through laminin and Matrigel. Because KLK6 plays a role in cancer progression it may serves as a novel therapeutic target. Additionally, KLK6 holds potential for use as a serum biomarker for multiple types of cancer, including colon cancer for colon and other types of cancer.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This project has identified increased adiposity and altered plasma leptin levels to be not associated with colon sensitivity to a colon carcinogen using diet-induced obesity (DIO) rodent and defective leptin signalling mutant mouse models. These findings do not support a direct link between the deregulation of insulin and adipokine levels observed in obese rats with increased risk of colon carcinogenesis. However, elevated leptin levels associated with increased dietary fat intake did increase the risk of colon carcinogenesis, supporting previously reported studies. Increased adiposity was associated with altered plasma insulin, leptin and triglyceride levels and 69 mitochondrial associated proteins in DIO rats. The changes in these mitochondrial protein profiles were not correlated with changes at the gene expression level assessed using real-time PCR arrays. The rat colon mitoproteome analysis is also presented here to provide a useful tool in assisting identification and interpretation of mitochondrial dysfunction implicated in colon pathogenesis. Animal studies have shown altered leptin levels linked to obesity can disrupt normal processes in colon. The role of leptin receptors identified in the colon is unknown. Deregulation of IL6, IL1β and CXCL1 was associated with leptin signalling in colon tissue. Cross talk of leptin and insulin signalling by modulation of IGBP3, IGF2 and AKT1 were also highlighted. Leptin regulation of mitochondria-associated apoptotic pathways involving UCP2, CASP3 and CASP9 in the colon was also identified. The study presents novel strategies to dissect signalling cascades in colon influenced by obesity and links with colon cancer.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1999. / The aim of this placebo-controlled clinical trial was to determine the role of spinal manipulation in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), in terms of the patients' subjective response to treatment. It was hypothesized that spinal manipulation would have a greater effect than placebo in reducing the intensity of the symptoms of IBS. Thirty subjects diagnosed with IBS were randomly divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 15 subjects, aged between 18 and 50. Patients were treated twice a week for three weeks and once in the fourth week. Thereafter, each patient returned approximately 1 month later to be assessed for any longer-term benefit to treatment. Patients in the experimental group received spinal manipulation directed at areas of spinal fixation, as determined by motion palpation. Patients in the control group were treated using a detuned ultrasound machine over areas of spinal fixation. Treatment was performed with the same degree of enthusiasm in both groups, where possible. / M

En el estudio titulado “Conocimientos sobre el Cáncer de Colon y sus Medidas Preventivas en una Población de Choferes. Empresa de Transporte y Servicios Especiales Sur Lima Chorrillos. 2010” ha sido realizado en la ciudad de Lima, debido a que el Cáncer de Colon es considerado actualmente una neoplasia que encuentra en aumento a nivel mundial. Es por ello la importancia del Rol de la Enfermera en la promoción de la salud y prevención de las enfermedades, fomentando los estilos de vida saludable generando entornos laborales saludables como parte de las medidas preventivas para así disminuir el riesgo de enfermar en la población y contribuir en el mejoramiento de las condiciones de salud y productividad laboral. El objetivo fue determinar los conocimientos sobre el cáncer de colon y sus medidas preventivas en los choferes que laboran en la Empresa de Transporte Sur Lima, con el propósito de incentivar al Profesional de Enfermería a asumir su rol preventivo - promocional en los centros laborales y que la gerencia de la Empresa de Transportes desarrolle acciones que fomenten la salud del personal y disminuir sus factores de riesgo. El diseño metodológico del trabajo es de tipo cuantitativo, nivel aplicativo, método descriptivo de corte transversal. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 60 choferes cuyas edades van de los 30 a 60 años, donde se concluye que la mayoría el 78.3% (47) de los choferes que laboran en la Empresa de Transporte no conocen sobre el Cáncer de Colon y sus medidas preventivas. Palabras Claves: Cáncer de Colon, Conocimientos, Medidas Preventivas. / --- In the study entitled "Knowledge of Colon Cancer and Preventive Measures in a Population of Drivers. Transportation Company and Special Services South Lima Chorrillos. 2010“ has been held in Lima due to Colon Cancer is considered nowadays a neoplasm that is increasing worldwide. That is why the importance of the role of the nurse in health promotion and disease prevention by promoting healthy lifestyles creating healthy work environments as part of preventive measures in order to reduce the risk of disease in the population and contribute in improving health conditions and productivity. The objective was to determine knowledge about colon cancer and its preventive measures in the drivers working in the South Lima Transportation Company, in order to encourage nursing professionals to assume its role of prevention - promotion in the workplace and management of the Transport Company to develop actions that promote personal health and reduce their risk factors. The methodological design of this study is quantitative, application level, cross sectional method. The study population consisted of 60 drivers ranging in age from 30 to 60 years, which concludes that most, 78.3% (47) of drivers who work in the Carrier do not know about Colon Cancer and preventive measures. Keywords: Colon cancer, knowledge. Preventive measures.