Orientador: Ana Raquel Marques Martins da Cunha Portugal / Resumo: Na história dos Andes, o comando das diversas etnias locais coube aos curacas, ou caciques andinos, que exerciam funções que variavam do ritual religioso à guerra. No presente trabalho, realizamos um estudo das representações dos curacas contidas em duas crônicas de autores peruanos concluídas no princípio do século XVII: a Nueva Crónica y Buen Gobierno (1616), de Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, e os Comentarios Reales (1609, 1617), de Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Fizemos um estudo sistemático, levando em conta todas as menções diretas ou indiretas dos curacas nas duas crônicas, cotejando-as com o material historiográfico sobre os curacas. Com o aporte da historiografia, podemos vislumbrar as dimensões do protagonismo das lideranças nativas do Peru registradas em diversas outras fontes alheias às crônicas. Longe de meros intermediários, os curacas agiram nos Andes de modo a garantir seus interesses e legitimar suas posições, como atesta o exemplo do próprio Guaman Poma. / Abstract: In the history of the Andes, the curacas were responsible for the command of the various local ethnic groups. They fulfilled duties that ranged from religious rituals to war. In the present work, we have carried out a study of the representations of the curacas contained in two chronicles written by Peruvian authors in the early seventeenth century: The Nueva Crónica y Buen Gobierno (1616), by Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, and the Comentarios Reales (1609- 1617), by Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. We have performed a systematic study, taking into account every direct or non-direct mention of the curacas in both chronicles, siding them with the historiographic material on the curacas. With the historiographic contribution, we have been able to contemplate the dimensions of the role of the native leaders of Peru registered in several other sources besides the chronicles. Far from mere middlemen, the curacas acted in the Andes so as to guarantee their own interests and legitimize their positions, as attested by the example of Guaman Poma himself. / Mestre

Orientador: Ana Raquel Marques da Cunha Martins Portugal. / Banca: Eliane Cristina Deckmann Fleck / Banca: Ivan Aparecido Manoel / Resumo: A investigação visa estudar as relações entre o discurso demonológico e colonização no vice-reinado do Peru de finais do século XVI e início do XVII, através dos processos de "extirpação de idolatrias" e a criação de instituições que buscavam a normatização/uniformização dos costumes, como a "casa de Santa Cruz", um cárcere para líderes religiosos considerados "feiticeiros", e o "colégio do Príncipe", uma escola para filhos da elite indígena. Ambas instituições estavam sob responsabilidade do jesuíta Pablo José de Arriaga, que também foi uma referência para as visitas de idolatrias / Abstract: The research aims to study the relations between the demonological and colonization in the Viceroyalty of Peru from the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries through the processes of "extirpation of idolatry" and the creation of institutions seeking the standardization / harmonization of customs as the "home of Santa Cruz," a prison for religious leaders viewed as "wizards" and the "colegio del Príncipe", a school for children of the indigenous elite. Both institutions were under the responsibility of the Jesuit Pablo José de Arriaga, who also was a reference to the visits of idolatry / Mestre

Spain's invasion of the Andes initiated a social drama unprecedented in the experience of the Andean natives. Spanish and Spanish-conscripted native chroniclers wrote extensively about Inca pageantry, spectacle, and ritual, and hastily attributed pagan belief to performances they witnessed or heard about. With equal haste, the Spanish appropriated performance as means of introducing and enforcing Christianity. In this thesis, I treat performance as the central feature of Andean Colonial transition. Performance may be viewed as an ephemeral feature of the Andean transition but fortunately, in mortuary performances (dealing with death and treatment of the body); there are many theatrical elements that survive in mortuary contexts (e.g., staging, setting, costumes, make-up, props, and choreography). Archaeology, history, and ethnographic observation together illustrate that performance has alternately established, celebrated, or subverted Andean power relations during hundreds of years. Mortuary performances are especially excellent commentaries about religious climate of Colonial Peru. In this thesis I analyze mortuary performance in Colonial and contemporary Peru. I argue that the Colonial Spanish saw performance as evidence of belief and sought to transform pagan belief to Christian belief. Ultimately, communities, religion, and performance itself were transformed; integrated and reintegrated into dynamic personal and public expressions.

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La thèse se compose de deux parties, la première étant un catalogue raisonné des versions du mythe d'Inkarrí et la seconde une analyse du corpus ainsi défini. Le catalogue est constitué de 114 fiches correspondant aux 114 versions collectées par nos soins, 110 dans des publications et 4 auprès de membres de divers groupes autochtones à la faveur d'enquêtes de terrain. Les versions du mythe proviennent majoritairement du Pérou mais certaines d'entre elles sont issues de Bolivie, d'Argentine et du Chili.L'analyse du corpus se déroule en trois phases correspondant à trois chapitres. Dans le premier sont identifiés divers thèmes qu'Inkarrí partage avec un certain nombre de mythes issus de cultures n'ayant jamais entretenu de contact avec la civilisation andine : ceux de la résurrection, de la tête coupée, de la compétition et de la justification de l'ordre établi. Ces comparaisons soulignent la portée universelle du mythe d'Inkarrí. Dans le deuxième chapitre est entreprise une comparaison avec des diverses sources andines, d'origine coloniale ou contemporaine. Il en ressort que les séquences sur lesquelles portent les similitudes peuvent être regroupées en cinq familles : des fragments de mythes d'origine préhispanique, des évocations de la Conquête, des éléments issus de la tradition chrétienne, des mythes de portée locale et des réminiscences historiques non transmises par la tradition. Dans le troisième chapitre, qui se présente comme une synthèse, nous nous proposons d'établir les origines du mythe et de retracer les étapes de son évolution en soumettant le corpus à trois approches successives, la première structurale, la seconde géographique et la troisième philologique. Il s'en dégage que la version première était préhispanique et tournait autour de la rivalité d'Inkarrí et du roi des Collas. Sa diffusion s'est limitée au territoire correspondant aux actuels départements de Cuzco et Puno. Postérieurement à la Conquête eut lieu une réélaboration qui vit le roi d'Espagne se substituer au roi des Collas, suivie d'une expansion foudroyante dont le vecteur, selon nous, aurait été le mouvement religieux appelé Taqui Oncoy, dans les années 1560. / This thesis has two parts, the first being a catalogue raisonné of different versions of the Inkarri myth and the second, an analysis of the corpus thus defined. The catalogue is made up of 114 records corresponding to the 114 myths which were collected, 110 in various publications and 4 from members of different native groups found in the field. The different versions of the myth come mainly from Peru but others come from Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. The corpus analysis is divided into three parts corresponding to three sections. In the first there are different themes that Inkarri shares with a certain number of myths from cultures which were never in contact with the Andean civilization: that of the resurrection, the severed head, and the competition and justification of the established order. These comparisons underline the universality of the Inkarri myth. In the second chapter we undertake a comparison of the various Andean sources originating from colonial or contemporary origin. This shows that the sequences have similarities which can be grouped together into five classifications : fragments of pre-hispanic origin, the evocation of the Conquest, elements which come from the Christian tradition, myths with local impact and historical reminiscences which have not been transmitted by tradition. In the third chapter, which is presented as a synthesis, we set out to establish the origins of the myth and to retrace the stages of its evolution by using three successive methods to address the corpus, the first structural, the second geographical and the third philological. In this way we can see that the first version was pre-hispanic and dealt with the rivalry between Inkarri and the king of the Collas. Its spread was limited to the area corresponding to the present departments of Cuzco and Puno. Following the Conquest there was a reworking of the myth where the king of Spain replaced the king of the Collas followed by a very rapid expansion whose vector, in our opinion, was the religious movement called Taqui Oncoy in the years 1560.

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