The purpose of this study was to examine the changing definition of color harmony and to ascertain a general state of understanding of the term. A content analysis method was applied to writings taken in a special sampling technique, selecting for analysis those works regarded as classics in the broad field of color literature.

Comme la consommation de médias numériques a explosé ces dernières années, faire des photos esthétiques, avec ou sans expertise artistique, est plus que jamais un sujet de recherche. Plusieurs axes peuvent être explorés: la haute définition, la luminance ou contraste étendue, les gamut couleur étendus. En plus de ces propriétés intrinsèques de l'image, des connaissances perceptuelles et/ou artistiques seraient de grande valeur pour tout utilisateur manipulant le contenu des images. Cette thèse propose d'aborder le thème de l'harmonie des couleurs. La littérature en lien avec ce sujet se retrouve à travers diverses disciplines : la science des couleurs, le traitement d'image, la psychologie… Ces expériences menées en science des couleurs privilégient la mesure de patchs combinant deux ou trois couleurs, rendant l'extrapolation à des images naturelles impossibles. D'autres approches ont défini des lois empiriques dictant l'arrangement des couleurs sur la roue des teintes. Le cadre applicatif de ces modèles géométriques manque de rigueur quant à leur utilisation. Malgré cela, des algorithmes en traitement d'image employant ces modèles ont vus le jour. Si les résultats semblent qualitativement agréables, ces algorithmes méritent une validation plus quantitative et objective, faisant intervenir une base de données appropriée. Dans cette thèse, deux approches sont mises en perspective: un travail expérimental et une partie algorithmique. Une expérience a été menée à l'aide d'un oculomètre avec une tâche dédiée à l'analyse de l'harmonie des couleurs, permettant de mesurer des effets dans le déploiement de l'attention visuelle. A partir de ces données, une vérité terrain a été extrapolée, permettant la validation des méthodes algorithmiques ensuite proposées. En premier, nous avons amélioré l'état de l'art sur l'harmonisation automatique des images au travers de diverses contributions et avons démontré de façon exhaustive le gain de notre approche. En deuxième contribution algorithmique, nous avons introduit une nouvelle sorte de métrique de qualité qui combine les concepts de masquage visuel et d'harmonie des couleurs. Ainsi, nous pouvons prédire quelles zones de l'image seront perçues harmonieuses, au vue de leur voisinage et donc des effets de masquages potentiels. Enfin, une dernière contribution, nous a amené à dériver deux outils d'édition incorporant les deux techniques précédentes, permettant de rendre accessible les concepts d'harmonie des couleurs à travers une formulation cachée et intuitive. / Since the consumption of digital media exploded in the last decade, making aesthetic pictures quickly - with or without artistic expertise - is more than ever a research topic. Different axis of investigations remain possible: high resolution, high dynamic range or wide color gamut. Additionally to these objective image properties, more perceptual and artistic insights could be of benefit to any user manipulating pictures. In such context, this thesis deals with the topic of Color Harmony. The literature related to this topic is limited, but involves many different scientific areas: color science, image processing and psychology and so on. The validity of collected data is questionable due to their limitation to two- or three-colors patches. The models fitted from these data remain non-exploitable on natural pictures. Other models depicting rules or areas on color wheel lack scientific guidelines for their utilization. Nonetheless, some algorithms employing color harmony theory and models as a core concept showed up in the literature, but suffered from being quantitatively tested and validated. In this thesis, two views are put in perspective in order to respond to the previous statements: an experimental and a computational approaches. The conducted experiment allowed observing some effects with an eye-tracking protocol, never applied before with a task on color harmony assessment. From the collected data of our experimental work, we designed a method to generate a ground truth, which would serve to the validation of the two proposed computational methods. First, we improved an existing architecture for automatic color harmonization and demonstrated exhaustively the benefit of our approach. As a second computational contribution, a novel quality metric is introduced that integrates the concepts of visual masking and color harmony. Thus, we may predict which areas would be perceived harmonious regarding its neighborhood and then the potential masking effects. As a last contribution, two editing tools made accessible the color harmony theory through a hidden formulation of it and a user-friendly and intuitive interface.

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Thesis explores a theory of proportion, its application within a design-build experiment, while establishing essential elements of design language. / Master of Architecture

Purpose – This study aims to explore the relationships between aesthetics and micro- influencers’ Instagram feed along with its effects on follower engagement. Based on the assumption that there is a common practice for micro-influencers who are familiar with aesthetics. Although micro-influencer content has attracted increased interest on Instagram, relatively little is known about influencers’ aesthetic strategy. Method – The present study addresses this gap by examining how feed aesthetics are associated with micro-influencers aesthetic strategy and what elements contribute to feed aesthetics. The study leverages a dataset of Instagram micro-influencers compiled by scraping an online survey and online interview to test its hypotheses with a qualitative approach. Findings – It has been indicated that feed aesthetics were positively associated with color, more specifically color harmony as well as a boost in follow engagement. However, these factors are modified by influencers’ domains of interest when creating content. The findings contribute to the literature by illuminating how principles related to aesthetics in micro- influencers’ images contribute to their aesthetic strategy and follower’s engagement on Instagram. Implications – The result of this study contributes with significant data that an Instagram client would carry out to make a feed that reflects feed style and grabs the eye of different groups. The significance of executing a thoroughly considered technique to an Instagram feed to make a tastefully satisfying look is demonstrated. In addition to that, getting a deep understanding of influencers feelings and emotions about their feeds and feed aesthetics, introducing the idea of color harmony when it comes to planning feed aesthetics. By the end of this paper a further research has been suggested which relates to the relation of aesthetics in different group genders and ages, with a different platform for instance.