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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Evolutionary and ecological influences on color pattern variation in the Australian common froglet, Crinia signifera

Symula, Rebecca E. 23 March 2011 (has links)
Elucidation of mechanisms that generate and maintain population-level phenotypic variability provides insight into processes that influence within-species genetic divergence. Historically, color pattern polymorphisms were used to infer population-level genetic variability, but recent approaches directly capture genetic variability using molecular markers. Here, I clarify the relationship between genetic variability and color pattern polymorphism within and among populations using the Australian common froglet, Crinia signifera. To illustrate genetic variability in C. signifera, I used phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA and uncovered three ancient geographically restricted lineages whose distributions are consistent with other southeastern Australian species. Additional phylogeographic structure was identified within the three ancient lineages and was consistent with geographic variation in male advertisement calls. Natural selection imposed by predators has been hypothesized to act on black-and-white ventral polymorphisms in C. signifera, specifically through mimicry of another Australian frog, Pseudophryne. I used clay replicas of C. signifera to test whether predators avoid black-and-white coloration. In fact, black-and-white replicas were preferentially avoided by predators in some habitats, but not in others, indicating that differential selection among habitats plays a role in maintaining color pattern polymorphism. When black-and-white color patterns in a sample of C. signifera populations were compared with those in sympatric Pseudophryne, several color pattern characteristics were correlated between the species. Furthermore, where C. signifera and Pseudophryne are sympatric, color patterns are more similar compared to those in allopatry. Extensive phylogenetic variability suggests that phylogenetic history and genetic drift may also influence C. signifera color pattern. Fine-scale phylogenetic analysis uncovered additional genetic diversity within lineages and low levels of introgression among previously identified clades. Measures of color pattern displayed low levels of phylogenetic signal, indicating that relationships among individuals only slightly influence color patterns. Finally, simulations of trait evolution under Brownian motion illustrated that the phylogeny alone cannot generate the pattern of variation observed in C. signifera color pattern. Therefore, this indicates a minimal role for genetic drift, but instead supports either the role of stabilizing selection due to mimicry, or diversifying selection due to habitat differences, in color pattern variation in C. signifera. / text
2

Revisão taxonômica do grupo Moloch, gênero Callicebus Thomas, 1903 (Primates, Pitheciidae, Callicebinae) / Taxonomic review of Moloch group, genus Callicebus  Thomas, 1903 (Primates, Pitheciidae, Calicebinae)

Vendramel, Rafaela Lumi 19 December 2016 (has links)
Callicebus Thomas, 1903 são primatas neotropicais que ocorrem nas bacias Amazônica e do Orinoco, na Mata Atlântica e em parte da Caatinga, do Chaco e do Pantanal. São reconhecidas 33 espécies para o gênero, divididas em cinco grupos: Moloch, Cupreus, Torquatus, Donacophilus e Personatus. O grupo Moloch inclui espécies amazônicas, distribuídas entre a margem esquerda do Rio Madeira e a margem direita dos rios Tocantins-Araguaia. A história taxonômica dos sauás do grupo Moloch revelou uma considerável confusão, taxonômica e nomenclatural, de forma que sua composição e o reconhecimento das categorias específica e subespecífica variaram frequentemente. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi revisar taxonomicamente os Callicebus do grupo Moloch, reconhecendo, descrevendo ou redescrevendo os táxons do grupo, a fim de elucidar o número de táxons nominais que o compõe. Foram realizadas análises qualitativas e quantitativas a partir de espécimes depositados em coleções científicas. Os caracteres qualitativos referentes ao padrão de coloração da pelagem foram confrontados diretamente em mapas, visando constatar descontinuidades geográficas ou possíveis clinas. Os caracteres quantitativos referentes às medidas cranianas e dentárias foram submetidos a testes estatísticos de dimorfismo sexual, variação ontogenética e variação geográfica. A partir dos resultados, foi constatado que para as espécies do grupo Moloch, o padrão de coloração é a principal característica diagnóstica, não havendo diferenças significativas quanto à morfologia e morfometria craniana e dentária. Sendo assim, foram consideradas válidas sete espécies para o grupo Moloch, gênero Callicebus: C. moloch, C. cinerascens, C. hoffmannsi, C. baptista, C. brunneus, C. vieirai, C. miltoni, havendo ainda a sinonimização de C. bernhardi com C. moloch. / The titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903 are primates that occur throughout the Amazon and Orinoco basins, in the Atlantic forest region and in parts of Caatinga, Chaco and Pantanal. There are 33 species of this genus divided into five groups: Moloch, Cupreus, Torquatus, Donacophilus, and Personatus. The Moloch group is composed of Amazon species, distributed between the left bank of Rio Madeira and right bank of the Tocantins-Araguaia rivers. The taxonomic history of the titi monkeys from the Moloch group revealed some nomenclatural problems, so that the species and subspecies category varied frequently. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to present a taxonomic revision of the Callicebus species from the Moloch group, describing and/or redescribing its taxa, and to clarify the number of nominal taxa within it. I perform qualitative and quantitative analysis using specimens deposited in zoological collections. The qualitative characters related to the color pattern were mapped, aiming to find geographical gaps or clines. The quantitative characters consisted of cranial and dental morphometry that were submitted to statistical tests of sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic and geographical variation. For these, I performed univariate and multivariate analysis. The results showed that, for the Moloch group species, the color pattern is the main diagnostic characteristic, not showing significant differences in the cranial and dental morphology and morphometry. Therefore, seven species of the genus Callicebus, Moloch group, are here considered taxonomically valid: C. moloch, C. cinerascens, C. hoffmannsi, C. baptista, C. brunneus, C. vieirai, C. miltoni, and the new synonymy of C. bernhardi with C. moloch.
3

Revisão taxonômica do grupo Moloch, gênero Callicebus Thomas, 1903 (Primates, Pitheciidae, Callicebinae) / Taxonomic review of Moloch group, genus Callicebus  Thomas, 1903 (Primates, Pitheciidae, Calicebinae)

Rafaela Lumi Vendramel 19 December 2016 (has links)
Callicebus Thomas, 1903 são primatas neotropicais que ocorrem nas bacias Amazônica e do Orinoco, na Mata Atlântica e em parte da Caatinga, do Chaco e do Pantanal. São reconhecidas 33 espécies para o gênero, divididas em cinco grupos: Moloch, Cupreus, Torquatus, Donacophilus e Personatus. O grupo Moloch inclui espécies amazônicas, distribuídas entre a margem esquerda do Rio Madeira e a margem direita dos rios Tocantins-Araguaia. A história taxonômica dos sauás do grupo Moloch revelou uma considerável confusão, taxonômica e nomenclatural, de forma que sua composição e o reconhecimento das categorias específica e subespecífica variaram frequentemente. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi revisar taxonomicamente os Callicebus do grupo Moloch, reconhecendo, descrevendo ou redescrevendo os táxons do grupo, a fim de elucidar o número de táxons nominais que o compõe. Foram realizadas análises qualitativas e quantitativas a partir de espécimes depositados em coleções científicas. Os caracteres qualitativos referentes ao padrão de coloração da pelagem foram confrontados diretamente em mapas, visando constatar descontinuidades geográficas ou possíveis clinas. Os caracteres quantitativos referentes às medidas cranianas e dentárias foram submetidos a testes estatísticos de dimorfismo sexual, variação ontogenética e variação geográfica. A partir dos resultados, foi constatado que para as espécies do grupo Moloch, o padrão de coloração é a principal característica diagnóstica, não havendo diferenças significativas quanto à morfologia e morfometria craniana e dentária. Sendo assim, foram consideradas válidas sete espécies para o grupo Moloch, gênero Callicebus: C. moloch, C. cinerascens, C. hoffmannsi, C. baptista, C. brunneus, C. vieirai, C. miltoni, havendo ainda a sinonimização de C. bernhardi com C. moloch. / The titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903 are primates that occur throughout the Amazon and Orinoco basins, in the Atlantic forest region and in parts of Caatinga, Chaco and Pantanal. There are 33 species of this genus divided into five groups: Moloch, Cupreus, Torquatus, Donacophilus, and Personatus. The Moloch group is composed of Amazon species, distributed between the left bank of Rio Madeira and right bank of the Tocantins-Araguaia rivers. The taxonomic history of the titi monkeys from the Moloch group revealed some nomenclatural problems, so that the species and subspecies category varied frequently. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to present a taxonomic revision of the Callicebus species from the Moloch group, describing and/or redescribing its taxa, and to clarify the number of nominal taxa within it. I perform qualitative and quantitative analysis using specimens deposited in zoological collections. The qualitative characters related to the color pattern were mapped, aiming to find geographical gaps or clines. The quantitative characters consisted of cranial and dental morphometry that were submitted to statistical tests of sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic and geographical variation. For these, I performed univariate and multivariate analysis. The results showed that, for the Moloch group species, the color pattern is the main diagnostic characteristic, not showing significant differences in the cranial and dental morphology and morphometry. Therefore, seven species of the genus Callicebus, Moloch group, are here considered taxonomically valid: C. moloch, C. cinerascens, C. hoffmannsi, C. baptista, C. brunneus, C. vieirai, C. miltoni, and the new synonymy of C. bernhardi with C. moloch.
4

Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética morfológica do complexo de espécies Moenkhausia collettii (Characiformes Characidae) /

Soares, Isabel Matos January 2020 (has links)
Orientador: Ricardo Cardoso Benine / Resumo: Moenkhausia representa um dos gêneros mais diversos em Characidae, atualmente com mais de 90 espécies válidas amplamente distribuídas nas bacias hidrográficas da América do Sul. O gênero é caracterizado por uma combinação de caracteres não exclusivos: linha lateral completa, cinco dentes na série interna do pré-maxilar e escamas cobrindo a base da nadadeira caudal. Considerando o grande número de espécies de Moenkhausia e que a maioria delas possui descrições pouco detalhadas, em adição às incertezas sobre suas relações filogenéticas, salienta-se a necessidade de estudos que busquem resolver essas questões. Análises recentes de grupos menores dentro do gênero têm aumentado o entendimento das espécies de Moenkhausia e, consequentemente, suas relações com outros caracídeos. Um desses grupos, denominado aqui de Moenkhausia collettii, é caracterizado por espécies que compartilham a presença de uma faixa escura horizontal no olho e uma faixa escura na base da nadadeira anal. Esse colorido também é utilizado para diagnosticar um outro grupo de espécies não-congêneres “Hemigrammus lunatus”, composto por H. barrigonae, H. changae, H. lunatus, H. machadoi e H. ulreyi. Dessa forma, este estudo objetivou a revisão taxonômica das espécies do grupo Moenkhausia collettii, bem como propor uma hipótese filogenética compreensiva para o grupo. Para a revisão taxonômica, foi empregada a análise de morfometria linear, a partir de 21 dados morfométricos e 16 merísticos. Com o exame de extensivo m... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Moenkhausia represents one of the most diverse genus of Characidae, currently with more than 90 valid species widely distributed in the hydrographic basins of South America. This genus is characterized by a combination of non-exclusive characters: complete lateral line, five teeth in the internal series of the premaxillary, and scales covering the base of the caudal fin. Considering the large number of species of Moenkhausia and that most of them have poorly detailed descriptions, in addition to the uncertainties among its phylogenetic relationships of these genus highlight the necessity of this study. Recent analyses of smaller groups within the genus has increased the knowledge of the identity of Moenkhausia species and, consequently, their relationship with the other characids. One of these groups, called here as Moenkhausia collettii, is characterized by species with horizontal dark band in the eye and a dark band at the base of the anal fin. This color is also diagnostic of the non-congeneric group “Hemigrammus lunatus”, composed by H. barrigonae, H. changae, H. lunatus, H. machadoi and H. ulreyi. This study aimed the taxonomic revision of the species of Moenkhausia collettii group, as well to propose a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for the group. For the taxonomic revision was used linear morphometry analysis, based on 21 morphometric and 16 meristic data. The examination of extensive material deposited in Brazilian and foreign ichthyological collections enable ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
5

Reakce na zbarvení ruměnice pospolné (\kur{Pyrrhocoris apterus}) a jeho varianty u lidí / Human`s reaction to the red firebug's (\kur{Pyrrhocoris apterus}) coloration and it's modified coloration

VAŇKÁTOVÁ, Martina January 2011 (has links)
So far, nobody examined a human reaction on aposematic signals. I used red firebug's coloration and its modifications in color and pattern for testing the human reactions. People showed refusing reaction on white color and on some types of eye spots. There is a big difference between reactions on red color and black color in different human groups. This needs further research.
6

Reakce na zbarvení ruměnice pospolné (\kur{Pyrrhocoris apterus}) a jeho varianty u lidí / Human`s reaction to the red firebug's (\kur{Pyrrhocoris apterus}) coloration and it's modified coloration

VAŇKÁTOVÁ, Martina January 2011 (has links)
So far, nobody examined a human reaction on aposematic signals. I used red firebug's coloration and its modifications in color and pattern for testing the human reactions. People showed refusing reaction on white color and on some types of eye spots. There is a big difference between reactions on red color and black color in different human groups. This needs further research.
7

Desenvolvimento de procedimentos e métodos analíticos no campo forense aplicando os princípios da química verde / Development of procedures and analytical methods in forensics applying the principles of green chemistry

Luiz, Vitor Hugo Marques [UNESP] 25 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by VITOR HUGO MARQUES LUIZ null (vitorhmluiz@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-14T14:35:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese Vitor Hugo repositório.pdf: 12742690 bytes, checksum: 808cc9757cd523a743880c2238379bc1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Manzano de Almeida (smanzano@marilia.unesp.br) on 2016-03-14T17:09:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luiz_vhm_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1804257 bytes, checksum: 83b423fb984c5b0c70d305405ab840c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T17:09:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luiz_vhm_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1804257 bytes, checksum: 83b423fb984c5b0c70d305405ab840c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para a determinação quantitativa de furosemida e bumetanida em amostras de urina utilizando espectroscopia por reflectância difusa (para a furosemida) e por imagem por scanner com quantificação através do histograma de cores utilizando o padrão RGB (para ambas). Envolve também o desenvolvimento de um método quantitativo para a detecção de chumbo em resíduos de armas de fogo (GSR) nas mãos de atiradores utilizando membranas de celulose bacteriana como substrato de coleta, visando o descobrimento do tempo de disparo. Também foi realizada a quantificação de chumbo em amostras de tintura para cabelos utilizando método previamente desenvolvido, visando detecção da adulteração destes produtos e controle de qualidade. Estuda também a potencialidade do uso das membranas de celulose bacteriana para a coleta de impressões digitais. Os métodos desenvolvidos consistem na reação da furosemida (FUR) com o regente cromogênico paradimetilaminocinamaldeído (p-DAC) 0,70% e ácido clorídrico (HCl) 1,72 mol L-1 em papel de filtro qualitativo com barreiras hidrofóbicas, com detecção espectrofotométrica e por histograma de cores; na reação do íon chumbo(II) (Pb2+) com rodizonato de sódio (ROD) 0,16% em meio micelar de dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS) 5 mmol L-1 em membranas de celulose bacterianas, com detecção espectrofotométrica e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV); na reação de bumetanida (BMT) com o reagente p-DAC 0,6% e HCl 0,26 mol L-1 em papel de filtro qualitativo com barreiras hidrofóbicas, com detecção por histograma de cores e na coleta de impressões digitais utilizando membrana de celulose bacteriana impregnadas com ninidrina, nitrato de prata ou óxido de zinco, dos quais o nitrato de prata e a ninidrina atuaram como agentes de coleta razoáveis. Todas as concentrações foram otimizadas por planejamentos quimiométricos. As reações foram realizadas na forma de spot test, envolvendo a formação de um produto colorido em 545 nm para o chumbo, em 585 nm para a furosemida e 520 nm para a bumetanida. As curvas analíticas foram contruídas a partir de soluções padrões dos respectivos analitos. Os métodos desenvolvidos para a bumetanida e para a furosemida foram aplicados em amostras de urina sintética e natural fortificadas e os resultados obtidos foram comparados estatisticamente com métodos comparativos. A validação dos métodos foi realizada por adição de padrão e recuperação e por comparação de métodos, no caso da FUR e da BMT, obtendo-se recuperações entre 98,0 e 115,3% para os métodos de quantificação da furosemida e entre 93,0 e 102,0% para o método de quantificação da bumetanida. O método de coleta de GSR é baseado na utilização de membranas finas de celulose bacteriana desenvolvidas pelo Grupo de Materiais Fotônicos do IQ-UNESP.Para os GSR foram realizadas 40 coletas totais em tempos de coleta após o disparo (diferentes e conhecidos), sendo sua comparação realizada através das curvas analíticas, mostrando ser possível a detecção do tempo de disparo com uma margem de erro de aproximadamente 5 minutos. Os resultados foram comparados estatisticamente e os valores obtidos a partir de testes estatísticos mostraram que os métodos podem ser usados para análises de rotina em laboratórios forenses. / This work describes the development of analytical methods for the quantitative determination of furosemide and bumetanide in urine samples using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (for furosemide) and scanning imaging with quantification by color histogram using RGB color pattern (for both). It involves also the development of a quantitative method for the detection of lead in gunshot residues (GSR) in the hands of the shooters using bacterial cellulose membranes as substrate collection, aiming the discovery of shooting time. It is also done the quantification of lead in progressive hair lotions samples using a previously developed method, aiming the detection of products adulterations and quality control. It also studies the potentiality of the usage of bacterial cellulose membranes for the collection of fingerprints. The developed methods are consisted in the reaction of furosemide (FUR) with the cromogenic reagent p-dimethylamino cinnamaldehyde (p-DAC) 0.70% and hydrochloric acid (HCl) 1.72 mol L-1 in qualitative filter papers with hydrophobic barrier, with spectrophotometric detection and by color histogram; in the reaction of lead(II) ion (Pb2+) with sodium rhodizonate (ROD) 0.16% in micellar medium of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 5 mmol L-1 in bacterial cellulose membranes with spectrophotometric detection and by scanning electron microscopy; in the reaction of bumetanide (BMT) with the reagent p-dimethylamino cinnamaldehyde (p-DAC) 0.6% and hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.27 mol L-1 in qualitative filter papers with hydrophobic barrier with color histogram detection an in the collect of fingerprints using bacterial cellulose membranes impregnated with ninhydrine, silver nitrate or zinc oxide, of which the silver nitrate and ninhydrin acted as reasonable collection agents. All concentrations were optimized through chemometrics designs. The reactions were carried out as spot test, involving the formation of a colored product at 545 nm for lead, in 585 nm for furosemide and in 520 nm for bumetanide. Analytical curves were built from standard solutions of the respective analytes. The methods developed for furosemide and bumetanide were applied in fortified synthetic and natural urine samples and the results obtained were compared statistically with comparative methods. The validation of the methods were performed by standard addition and recovery and by comparison of methods, for FUR and BMT, yielding recoveries between 98.0 and 115.3% for furosemide quantification methods and between 93.0 and 102.0% for the quantification method for bumetanide. GSR collection method is based on the use of thin membranes of bacterial cellulose developed by Photonic Materials Group IQ-UNESP. For GSR, 40 total collections were carried out in known and different times of collection after shooting times and their comparison through analytical curves were done, showing the possibility of the detection of the shooting time with an error of 5 minutes, approximately. The results were statistically compared and the values obtained from statistical tests showed that the methods can be used for routine analysis in forensic laboratories.
8

Προηγμένο σύστημα ελέγχου λαπαροσκοπικού ρομποτικού εργαλείου

Πατέρας, Θωμάς 28 February 2013 (has links)
Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται την ανάπτυξη ενός αποδοτικού συστήματος ελέγχου που θα επιτυγχάνει τον ακριβή έλεγχο της θέσης ενός λαπαροσκοπικού ρομποτικού εργαλείου που χρησιμοποιεί ‘έξυπνα μορφομνήμονα κράματα’ ως τένοντες-επενεργητές. Το γεγονός ότι το εργαλείο που χρησιμοποιείται είναι με πλεονάζοντες βαθμούς ελευθερίας, καθιστά ιδιαίτερα δύσκολο πρόβλημα την επίλυση της αντίστροφης κινηματικής. Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι, μέσω τεχνικών υπολογιστικής όρασης, να επιλυθεί προσεγγιστικά η αντίστροφη κινηματική ανάλυση της θέσης των αρθρώσεων του ρομποτικού εργαλείου. Ο προτεινόμενος νόμος ελέγχου χρησιμοποιεί την αριθμητική επίλυση των γωνιών των αρθρώσεων από την αντίστροφη κινηματική για την επιτυχή παρακολούθηση της επιθυμητής τροχιάς του ρομποτικού εργαλείου. / This thesis deals with the development of a robust control system responsible for the precise position control of an innovative, SMA-based tendon-driven endoscopic robotic surgical tool. Given the hyper-redundant features of this robotic tool, the solution to the inverse kinematics problem is quite complicated. Henceforth, the main objective of this thesis is the numerical solution of the joints' positions using image processing techniques. The proposed control law utilizes this information for trajectory tracking purposes of the tool's end-effector.

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