This paper tries to explore the phosphor optical characteristics through reliability tests using white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) with a high color rendering index (CRI ,Ra¡Ö90). Based on light mixing principles and considering the high CRI, three color-coded powders were mixed separately with silicone into a phosphor, and then bottomed with blue chips into WLEDs. The three powders were oxide nitride (red), YAG (yellow), and silicate (green). Two kinds of samples were fabricated ¡V phosphor and emitters similar to commercial products. Both cool-white (CCT=5650~7000K, lumen efficiency¡Ö60 lum/w.) and warm-white (CCT=2850~3250K, lumen efficiency¡Ö50 lum/w.) samples passed the Bin Code distribution process and brightness measurement. The results indicate better lumen efficiency than previously published research. After the three kinds of mono-colored phosphors were created, .we implemented the reliability test in which three CREE standards were chosen. These standards were (1) high temperature with high humidity test (60¢J , 90% humidity) in operating and non-operating condition; (2) thermal shock test (-40¢J ~125¢J ); (3) life time test. The thermal shock test showed the decaying power of intensity for red, yellow, and green phosphors were 11.7%, 17.5%, and 19.3% respectively. These results demonstrate that the red phosphor has the best thermal resistance. However, after the high temperature with high humidity tests, the decaying power of intensity for red,yellow, and green phosphor were 15.7%, 10.1% and 6.4% correspondingly. These results show that the green phosphor has best aqua resistance. In the life time test of emitters, the decaying power of intensity for the cool-white emitter was 3.2%, while the warm-white emitter showed 4.2%. As such, cool-white emitters were concluded to have better reliability than warm-white emitters.

A solar fiber optic lighting system, SP3 from the Swedish company Parans Solar Lighting AB, has been installed in a study area/corridor test site. A collector is tracking the sun during daytime, focusing the direct sun irradiance via Fresnel lenses into optical fibers, which guide the solar light into the building. The illumination properties of the system have been characterized. The energy saving due to reduced need of artificial lighting have been calculated and methods for balancing the artificial lights in the test site have been evaluated. The illumination at the test site using solar light was at least as high as when using the artificial lights and even higher at very clear days. The luminous flux output (500 lm) was somewhat lower than specified by the manufacturer (550 lm) at 100 000 lx direct sun illuminance. The output at 130 000 lx was high 767±33 lm the sunlight coupling efficiency 23 %. However, for a 20 m SP3 system the luminous flux output (400 lm) at 100 000 lx was higher than specified (350 lm). The SP3 system of Parans provides high quality solar light. It has a fuller spectrum close to the spectrum of the sun compared to the fluorescent lights at the test site. The correlated color temperature of the system was 5800±300 K and the color rendering index 84.9±0.5. The lighting energy saved due to decreased need for artificial light was estimated to 19 % in Uppsala which has 1790 annual sun hours. The savings in Italy, which has 3400 sun hours, is 46 %. Additional saving, especially in warmer countries can be obtained due to decreased need for cooling in the building as the solar luminaires provide negligible heat to the indoor air. Economical saving could also be realized by improved well-being of the occupants spending time under the solar luminaires. Three ways of balancing the artificial light due to sunshine fluctuations have been investigated. The global horizontal irradiance could not be used as a control signal for balancing the artificial lights but a pyranometer attached to the SP3 sun tracking collector was usable. Also the signal from an indoor luxmeter sensor could be used for balancing the light. However the signal from the light sensor which makes the SP3 collector to track the sun is probably the most cost effective method as it would serve two purposes; tracking the sun and balancing the artificial lights.

Tunable white-armaturer utgör idag en stor del av marknaden och förväntas öka ytterligare under de kommande åren. Då många leverantörer idag producerar och marknadsför sina egna lösningar för att skapa ett dynamiskt ljus kan det vara svårt att veta vilken standard dessa lösningar håller och hur väl den tekniska specifikationen stämmer överens med verkligheten. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka om informationen mot beställare är tillräcklig samt om den redovisade data av Tunable White-armaturer är korrekt. Studien bygger på två delar. En experimentell undersökning genomfördes där fem tunable white-armaturers CRI (färgåtergivning) mättes mellan olika CCT-nivåer (färgtemperatur) och sedan jämfördes det med vad leverantörer har specificerat på deras hemsidor. En enkätundersökning genomfördes sedan som riktades mot 144 ljusdesigners i Sverige, varav 52 valde att besvara enkäten. Frågorna berörde redovisning av Tunable white-armaturer samt vikten av en god ljuskvalitet med inriktning på CRI. Resultaten från författarnas experimentella undersökning visar att alla tunable white-armaturer som testades skiftar i CRI under olika färgtemperaturintervaller. Den största skillnaden som mättes var på fabrikat 3 där det skiftade 9 CRI mellan 2700K-6000K. En jämförelse kunde sedan göras och visade att två av fem leverantörers specifikationer inte stämmer överens med vad som redovisats i respektive produktdatablad. Av att tyda svaren från enkätundersökningen kunde slutsatsen dras att det finns mycket skilda åsikter angående de tekniska specifikationerna gällande tunable white-armaturer. En del ansåg att det redovisas tillräckligt väl idag medan andra ansåg att det inte redovisas tillräckligt väl. Majoriteten ansåg att det är mycket viktigt med en god CRI när man föreskriver tunable white-armaturer i sina projekt. Man kunde också se att många ljusdesigners önskade att man redovisade färgåtergivning i TM-30-15 istället för CRI-metoden eller att man bör redovisa i givna färgtemperaturer. Det som kan fastställas av denna studie är att det finns en tendens till att vissa armaturleverantörer har sämre CRI än vad företaget i fråga redovisat. Denna studie enbart mätt TW-armaturer från fem företag verksamma i Sverige samt endast vid 100% ljusflöde. Författarna anser dock att denna studie kan leda till en diskussion om bättre redovisning av tunable white-armaturer behövs, samt ge läsaren en ökad förståelse för komplexiteten inom området. / Tunable white luminaires today form a large part of the market and are expected to increase further in the upcoming years. As many manufacturers today produce and market their own solutions to create a dynamic light, it can be hard to know what quality these solutions have and how well the technical specification is. The purpose of this study were to investigate whether the information to the user is sufficient and whether the presented data of tunable white luminaires is correct. This study is based on two parts. An experimental study where five tunable white luminaires CRI (color rendering) were measured between different CCT levels (color temperature) and then compared these to what providers have specified on their websites. The second part was a survey was conducted to 144 lighting designers based in Sweden, 52 of whom chose to answer the questionnaire. The questions concerned the presented information of tunable white luminaires as well as the importance of a good light quality focusing on CRI. The results from the authors experimental survey showed that all tunable white luminaires that where tested are changing in CRI under different color temperature intervals. The biggest difference that was measured was on manufacturer 3 where 9 CRI shifted between 2700K-6000K. A comparison could be made and showed that two of five of the suppliers specifications did not match with the authors measurements. By analyzing the answers from the survey, some conclusions could be drawn. There were very different opinions regarding the technical specifications of tunable white luminaires. Some felt that it is enough as it is today, while others felt that more information was needed. The majority considered it very important to have a good CRI when selecting tunable white luminaires in their projects. One could also see that many lighting designers wanted to present color reproduction in TM-30-15 instead of the CRI method or to present CRI at given color temperatures. What can be determined by this study is that there is a tendency for some luminaire suppliers to have worse CRI than presented. This study only measured tunable white fixtures from five companies operating in Sweden and only at 100% luminosity. However, the authors consider that this study could lead to a discussion about better specifications for tunable white luminaires, as well as giving the reader an increased understanding of the complexity of the subject.

Organic semiconducting materials have received a lot of attention in recent years and can now be found in many applications. One of the applications, the light emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) has emerged due to its flat and lightweight device structure, low operating voltage, and possibility to be fully solution processed. Today LECs can emit light of various colors, but to be applicable in the lighting industry, white light need to be produced in an efficient way. White light on the other hand, is one of the toughest "colors" to achieve in an efficient way, and is of particular interest in general lighting applications, where high color-rendering index devices are necessary. In this thesis I show that blue light can be partially converted, into white light, by utilizing the photoluminescence of color conversion layers (CCLs). Furthermore, I show that a high color-quality white light can be attained by adopting a blue-emitting LEC with a CCL. Particularly, three different color-conversion materials were embedded onto a blue bottom-emitting LEC, to study the resulting spectrum. One of the materials, MEH-PPV, have good absorption compatibility with the electroluminescence of the blue emitters, but the materials photoluminescence do not cover the red to deep-red range of the spectrum. These parts of the spectrum are necessary to obtain high color rendering indices (≥80). A single layer of MEH-PPV adapted onto a blue-emitting LEC, led to a cold white LEC with CIE-coordinates x = 0.29, and y = 0.36, color-rendering index = 71, and correlated color temperature = 7200 K. These properties makes it potentially useful in outdoor-lighting applications. The photoluminescence of another studied color-converting material, polymer red, covers the red to deep-red range of the spectrum but the material lacks absorption in the green parts of the blue emitters electroluminescence spectrum. Thus it is necessary to combine it with MEH-PPV to be able to absorb all wavelengths from the blue-emitter and get a broad light-spectrum out of the device. In order to preserve a part of the blue light, a new device configuration was designed. It features a top-emitting blue LEC with a dual-layer CCL which reach an impressive color rendering index = 89 at a correlated color temperature = 6400 K (CIE-coordinates x = 0.31, y = 0.33). The color-rendering index is the highest reported for a white LEC. The absence of UV-, and IR-radiation, together with the high color rendering properties make the white LEC a possible candidate for even the most demanding lighting-applications, such as art galleries, and shop display windows, together with indoor lighting. In this thesis, I show that the CCLs function well. However, for the LECs to be worthy competitors, the efficiency and lifetime of the blue emitter need improvements.

This thesis deals with the processing of light technical parameters and performance of key LED chips for their applications in lighting systems. The aim is to create a laboratory model for measuring the qualitative and quantitative parameters of highly luminous light LED emitted depending on the angle, using a spherical integrator 0.3 m, goniometer and fiber spektroradiometr /luxmeters. Goniometer is designed using modular optomechanical parts company Thorlabs. Due to the current passing through the LED chips heat up considerably. To light LED chip parameters tested were not affected by heat from the chip is required to pay the heat generated by a passive radiator. Another part of this thesis is the reconstruction of an older model spherical integrator. Reconstruction must be undertaken so as to ensure sufficient cooling again tested LEDs. Light scattered in the ball of the integrator is led by the optical cable to the spektroradiometr that are subsequently recorded its parameters. The second element used to measure the light produced by the LED source is photocell. Spherical integrator must be appropriately modified to indicate the two measuring elements and also meet the standards of determining the correctness of measurement. At the end of the measurement results will be compared with catalog values provided by the manufacturer.