Specialiojo ugdymo institucijose vienareikšmiškai mokinių problemos nėra sprendžiamos, tam reikalinga komandinė nuomonė, komandinės pastangos ir veikla. Komandos suformavimas leistų efektyviau organizuoti ugdymo procesą, pasinaudoti gerąja komandine patirtimi ir patobulinti savo darbą. Puikią komandą sukurti gali vadovas, kuris pasižymi tvirtais vadovavimo įgūdžiais, yra nuoseklus, pats palaiko komandinio darbo idėjas, tinkamai parenka ir vykusiai paskirsto darbuotojus, pats rūpinasi kitais kolektyvo nariais, taiko efektyvius darbo metodus, analizuoja nekritikuodamas konkrečių asmenų, noriai palaiko savo žmonių asmeninį augimą, jų individualų tobulėjimą, formuoja sveikus tarpusavio santykius komandoje, net konfliktus panaudoja konstruktyviems tikslams įgyvendinti, skatina darbuotojus komandiniam darbui. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros ir tyrimų rezultatais, atskleidžiamas vadovo vaidmuo formuojant komandą Utenos apskrities specialiojo ugdymo institucijose. Pateikiami atlikto tyrimo duomenys, išryškinantys tokias sritis: 1) vadovo, kaip iniciatoriaus, kūrėjo, koordinatoriaus vaidmenį; 2) vertinimo aspektus, kuriais remiasi vadovas formuodamas komandą; 3) vadovo veiklą formuojant komandą ; 4) vadovo vaidmens įtaką komandinio darbo efektyvumui. Tyrimo objektas. Utenos apskrities specialiojo ugdymo institucijų komandinis darbas. Tyrimo problema. Kokį vaidmenį vaidina vadovas formuodamas komandą specialiojo ugdymo institucijose. Tyrimo tikslas. Išanalizuoti vadovo vaidmenį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Based on the results of the scientific references and the research, the article reveals the role of the manager in team formation at institutions for special education of Utena county. The presented results of the executed research highlight the following: 1) the role of the manager as an initiator, creator and coordinator; 2) the aspects valued and criteria followed by the manager in team formation; 3) manager’s activity in the process of team formation; 4) the influence of the manager’s role on the effectiveness of teamwork. The object of the research. Team work of the institutions for special education of Utena County. The problem of the research. What is the role of the manager in team formation in the institutions for special education. The aim of the research. To analyze the role of the manager in team formation at the institutions for special education of Utena County. Research methodology. Theoretical study and analysis of scientific pedagogical, psychological, managerial references. Based on the scientific research theoretical fundamentals of the issue under analysis are revealed in this paper. Empirical – a question-based inquiry of the managers and employees of the institution for special education. Statistical – the analysis of the research results were carried out by applying the method of mathematical statistics. It has been identified during the research that team formation in the institutions for special education is initiated by the manager who selects... [to full text]

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os passos iniciais para adequação entre a tecnologia de reconhecimento de voz e uma tecnologia de automatização de processos, mais especificamente, a eletropneumática, de forma que o comando do sistema possa ser realizado através de uma comunicação (voz) à distância. A implementação do sistema de reconhecimento de voz foi feita em um circuito elétrico de controle, para que válvulas eletropneumáticas possam ser acionadas à distância, visando oferecer uma nova opção de comando aos sistemas de automatização no setor industrial. Basicamente, os sinais dos comandos treinados pelo módulo de reconhecimento de voz são enviados a um visualizador digital, onde são interceptados por um circuito eletrônico, denominado, transmissor. O sinal interceptado em paralelo é convertido em serial, onde é enviado por rádio freqüência a outro circuito eletrônico, denominado, receptor. O sinal serial recebido pelo receptor é novamente convertido em paralelo. Esses sinais (comandos) digitais irão substituir os comandos musculares convencionais do circuito eletropneumático. Como o circuito elétrico de controle e o módulo de reconhecimento de voz possuem características funcionais específicas, há necessidade de realizar adequações no circuito eletropneumático tradicional, afim de garantir que a sequência de operações dos elementos de trabalhos sejam realizadas corretamente. Tais adequações consistem basicamente em garantir que apenas os comandos pré-determinados executem ações específicas, e que palavras não reconhecidas pelo módulo, ou códigos de erros, não interfiram no projeto. Para a avaliação do sistema foram realizados testes numa bancada de simulação para circuitos eletropneumáticos, utilizando-se um módulo de reconhecimento de voz para a emissão dos comandos. Os resultados obtidos após a validação do projeto foram plenamente satisfatórios. / This work aims to present the initial steps to adequacy between voice recognition technology and process automation technology, more specifically, the electro-pneumatic, so that the control of the system can be achieved through a remote kind of communication (voice). The implementation of the recognition of voice system was made in a control electrical circuit, so that the electro-pneumatic valves can be moved at a distance, aiming to provide a new option to the automation systems in the industrial sector. Basically, the signs of controls trained by voice recognition module are sent to a digital display, in which an electronic circuit called transmitter intercepts them. The signal intercepted in parallel is converted into serial, where it is sent by radio frequency to another circuit mail, called receiver. The serial signal received by the receiver is again converted into parallel. These signals (controls) will replace the conventional muscle controls circuit of the electro-pneumatic circuit. As the electrical control circuit and the voice recognition module have specific functional characteristics, there is a need to carry out adaptations in the electro-pneumatic traditional circuit, in order to ensure that the operation sequence of the elements of work be carried out correctly. Such adaptations consist basically in ensuring that only the pre-determined controls implement specific actions, but also words not recognized by module, or codes of errors, so that they do not interfere in the project. Tests were performed in a simulative workbench for electro-pneumatic circuits, using a voice recognition module for the control emission as the assessment of the system. The results obtained after validation of the project were fully satisfactory.

Les systèmes multi-agents (MAS) et la commande coopérative ont fait l'objet de nombreuses recherches ces dernières années. Les domaines d'application sont très diverses et dans le cas des systèmes multi-véhicules, des approches ont été développées pour des unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), satellites, avions... Les types de missions envisagées sont des missions complexes telles l’exploration ou la surveillance de zones, la recherche et le suivi de cibles d'intérêt. Cependant, la coopération requière des échanges de communication entre les agents. Lorsque ceux-ci sont nombreux, cet échange peut conduire à des saturations du réseau, à l'augmentation des délais de transmission ou l’occurrence de pertes de paquets, d'où l'intérêt de réduire le nombre de communication. Dans les méthodes event-triggered, une communication est envoyée quand une condition, basée sur des paramètres choisis et un seuil prédéfini, est remplie. La principale difficulté est de définir une condition qui permettra de limiter les échanges sans dégrader l'exécution de la mission choisie. Dans le cas d'un système distribué, chaque agent doit maintenir une estimation de la valeur de l'état des autres agents afin de remplacer l'absence d'informations due à la communication réduite. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des lois de commandes et des estimateurs distribuées pour un système multi-agent afin de réduire le nombre de communication par méthode event-triggered, tout en prenant en compte la présence de perturbations. L'étude est divisée en deux grandes parties. La première décrit une méthode de communication event-triggered permettant de converger vers un consensus pour un système multi-agents de modèle d'évolution dynamique linéaire généralisée et en présence de perturbations d'état. Pour réduire les communications, un estimateur précis de l'état des agents est proposé, couplé à un estimateur de l'estimation de l'erreur, ainsi qu'un protocole de communication adapté. En prenant en compte la commande appliquée à chaque agent, l'estimateur proposé permet d'obtenir un consensus avec un nombre bien inférieur de communication que de la méthode de référence dans l'état de l'art. La seconde partie propose une stratégie de réduction de communication pour une commande de vol en formation permettant de suivre une trajectoire de référence. La dynamique des agents est décrite par un système Euler-Lagrange incluant des perturbations et des méconnaissances sur les paramètres du modèle. Différentes structures d'estimateurs sont proposées pour reconstruire les informations manquantes. La condition d'event-triggered distribuée proposée est basée sur l'écart relatif entre les positions et vitesses réelles et désirées des agents, ainsi que l'erreur relative entre la valeur estimée de l'état de l'agent et la valeur réelle. Une trajectoire de référence unique est déterminée pour guider la flotte. L'effet des perturbations sur la formation et la communication a été analysé. Enfin, les méthodes proposées ont été adaptées pour tenir compte des dégradations de performances dues aux pertes de données et aux délais de communication. Pour les deux types d'approches présentées les conditions de la stabilité du MAS ont été obtenues par l'intermédiaire de fonctions de Lyapunov et l'absence de paradoxe de Zeno a été étudiée. / A large amount of research work has been recently dedicated to the study of Multi-Agent System and cooperative control. Applications to mobile robots, like unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), satellites, or aircraft have been tackled to insure complex mission such as exploration or surveillance. However, cooperative tasking requires communication between agents, and for a large number of agents, the number of communication exchanges may lead to network saturation, increased delays or loss of transferred packets, from the interest in reducing them. In event-triggered strategy, a communication is broadcast when a condition, based on chosen parameters and some threshold, is fulfilled. The main difficulty consists in determining the communication triggering condition (CTC) that will ensure the completion of the task assigned to the MAS. In a distributed strategy, each agent maintains an estimate value of others agents state to replace missing information due to limited communication. This thesis focuses on the development of distributed control laws and estimators for multi-agent system to limit the number of communication by using event-triggered strategy in the presence of perturbation with two main topics, i.e. consensus and formation control. The first part addresses the problem of distributed event-triggered communications for consensus of a multi-agent system with both general linear dynamics and state perturbations. To decrease the amount of required communications, an accurate estimator of the agent states is introduced, coupled with an estimator of the estimation error, and adaptation of communication protocol. By taking into account the control input of the agents, the proposed estimator allows to obtain a consensus with fewer communications than those obtained by a reference method. The second part proposes a strategy to reduce the number of communications for displacement-based formation control while following a desired reference trajectory. Agent dynamics are described by Euler-Lagrange models with perturbations and uncertainties on the model parameters. Several estimator structures are proposed to rebuild missing information. The proposed distributed communication triggering condition accounts for inter-agent displacements and the relative discrepancy between actual and estimated agent states. A single a priori trajectory has to be evaluated to follow the desired path. Effect of state perturbations on the formation and on the communications is analyzed. Finally, the proposed methods have been adapted to consider packet dropouts and communication delays. For both types of problems, Lyapunov stability of the MAS has been developed and absence of Zeno behavior is studied.