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Exodus 34:29--35 contains an ambiguous Hebrew phrase that describes the peculiar condition of Moses' face after his encounter with God on Mt. Sinai. The iconographic tradition of Moses in religious art includes many depictions of him as "horned," yet the early exegetes described his condition as some kind of radiance, Divine glory, or as a metaphor for strength. How, then, is this iconography of horns based on the biblical text or early biblical exegesis? / The primary sources evaluated for this study encompass more than two thousand years of biblical interpretation, but the subject of this thesis comprises exegetical material from the time of the canonisation of the Bible until Jerome in the fourth century. This material includes selections from the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Jewish and Christian post-biblical narratives, rabbinic midrash, and translations of the Pentateuch into Aramaic, Greek and Latin.

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Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Psychological Sciences / Clive J. A. Fullagar / Leader self-development is being pushed by organizations today as a practical and cost-efficient strategy to develop leadership skills. However, the research on leader self-development is still sparse and there are questions that should be answered before much stock can be placed in self-development as a viable means to increase leadership capacity. This research attempts to address these questions in several ways. First, the first study outlines a theory and process to create a scale that measures the quality of self-development activities that leaders engage in. Furthermore, a nomological network is examined with dispositional constructs that were and were not be related to the quality of leader self-development activities. The results from these scale development efforts were generally positive with the exception of the challenge dimension of quality. Second, the second study builds on previous literature by examining the interactive effect of leader self-development quality and quantity in predicting leader effectiveness and finds that quality appears to play the more important role. Finally, the second study also addresses the lack of research examining situational factors that may affect leader self-development quality. This study found that transformational leadership was related to the quality of leader self-development activities and that quality mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and effectiveness. Overall, this research addresses several gaps in the leader self-development literature and creates a foundation for future research to build on.

Abstract This study of leader character located within the emerging construct of Responsible Leadership (RL) is conducted from a virtue business ethics perspective. A review of the leadership literature reveals that although there is a need for leaders of character, little is known about the concept of leader character from a research perspective. Leadership researchers note that current research methods are not satisfactory for gaining an understanding of the enigmatic nature of leader character. To address this shortcoming, this research examines the concept of leader character from a philosophical virtue ethics perspective. The emerging construct of RL is a normative theory of leadership that considers leaders’ responsibilities within our global societal context and resonates with the moral and societal themes of virtue ethics. The nature of this study of leadership is from a humanities perspective that seeks to apply moral philosophy to understand the whole of leadership, and is in contrast to a social science study of leadership. The works of the moral philosophers Aristotle and Alasdair MacIntyre are interpreted by applying the method of hermeneutics in gaining an understanding of character. This virtue understanding of the concept of character, which forms the foundation of the concept of leader character, is informed by business ethics research from an Aristotelian and MacIntyrean perspective. The conceptual foundation of RL is extended by exploring leader character, which lies at its core, taking the form of a virtue model of leader character. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / National Research Foundation (NRF) / Business Management / PhD / Unrestricted

Cette thèse se propose de remettre en question la signification historique de l’un des évènements les plus emblématiques de l’histoire du Brésil, la Guerre de Canudos (1867), ou coïncident le symptôme d’un homme, le Pèlerin Antonio Vicente Mendes Maciel, et le symptôme de la foule dans le Culture. La signification historique fut pérennisée par la lecture idéologique des évènements à partir d’un diagnostic inspiré par la théorie de la dégénérescence, qui fixa l’idée que la guerre avait résulté de l’interaction entre un meneur psychotique et une foule ignorante et soumise, enlevant aux acteurs du drame de Canudos toute implication en tant que sujets de l’Histoire. Notre travail se propose de rediscuter le diagnostic à partir de la méthodologie propre à l’anthropologie psychanalytique et d’une lecture inédite des manuscrits du Pèlerin, permettant une compréhension plus large du meneur et de la foule en tant que sujets de l’Histoire. / This thesis brings to the forefront of historical significance, one of the most iconic events in Brazilian history, the Canudos war in 1897, when pilgrim Antonio Vicnte Mendes Maciel’s symptom, that is, one man’s symptom and the mass symptom coincide in Culture. The standing historical significance was founded on an ideological reading of thos events according to the theory of degeneracy and diagnoses that war as the result os the interaction between a psychotic leader and the ignorant, submissive mass. All implication of the actors in the Canudos drama as subjects of History was erased. An unprecedented reading of the pilgrim manuscripts using psychoanalytic anthropological methodology allowed us challenge the established diagnosis and led to broader understanding of Pilgrim as a leadr and of the mass as subjects of History

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Le cadre en entreprise est appelé à jouer deux rôles distincts : celui de manager et celui de leader. Grâce à une étude pluriréférentielle une modélisation définitoire de la notion de leadership est proposée. Cette modélisation sera comparée avec l’analyse d’entretiens conduits auprès de cadres praticiens. Un approfondissement des concepts de formation et d’apprentissage tentera de résoudre la question de la possibilité de formation pour le rôle de leader. / A Business executive is called to play two distincts roles : the manager’s one and the leader’s one. Through a multirefrential study, a defining model of the leadership concept is proposed. This model will be compared with an analysis of interviews conducted with business executive practicians. A deep investigation of learning and training concepts will try to resolve the question of effective training leader possibility.

L’identification des e-Leaders d’Opinion (e-LO) sur les réseaux sociaux internet est un enjeu important pour les managers marketing. Cette thèse s’intéresse à ces e-LO au travers de leur rôle, de leur statut et de leur identification. Chacun de ces trois piliers de la thèse fait l’objet d’une controverse dans la littérature. Les trois études menées dans cette thèse apportent des réponses complémentaires et croisées à ces controverses. Concernant le statut de l’e-LO, nous définissions l’e-LO dans les réseaux sociaux internet selon trois caractéristiques : l’expertise dans la catégorie de produit, la volonté de publier des contenus valorisables pour leurs contacts et la volonté de développer leur capital social. Concernant l’identification des e-LO, une échelle de mesure multidimensionnelle dotée d’une bonne validité externe est développée. Elle est confrontée à des mesures d’e-LO et de LO inspirées de la littérature, mais également à des mesures alternatives comme la métrique algorithmique Klout et des indicateurs sociométriques de profil Twitter. Enfin, quatre modèles et leurs variantes sont testés pour mieux comprendre l’origine et le mécanisme de l’e-influence de l’e-LO (rôle de l’e-LO). Nous montrons que l’e-LO a un impact sur l’e-influence dans la catégorie de produit. La confiance joue le rôle de médiateur entre l’e-LO et l’e-influence. Ces résultats plaident pour l’intérêt des e-LO pour le marketing viral. / E-Opinion Leaders (e-OL) identification on internet social networks is a major issue for marketing managers. This thesis deals with the role, status and identification of these e-OL. Each one of these three aspects are subject to controversial debates in the literature. Three studies are conducted within this thesis. They provide complementary and crossed answers to these debates. Regarding the e-OL status, we offer a definition for the e-OL concept in the specific context of internet social networks within three main characteristics: expertise in the product category, the will to publish valuable contents for their contacts, and the will to develop their social capital. Then, for the e-OL identification, we develop a new and multidimensional measurement scale for this concept. This scale shows good external validity. We confront it with others e-LO measures inspired by traditional OL measures, but also with alternative identification methods as the Twitter profile indicators and the Klout score algorithm. Finally, we test four models and their variants in order to better understand the origin and mechanism of the main e-LO role: the e-influence. We especially show that e-OL has an impact on e-influence. We also show that confidence mediates the link between e-LO and e-influence. These results speak to the relevance of e-OL in a viral marketing perspective.