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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Automatizace procesu 3D zobrazování / Automatization of 3D stacking process

Kamenec, Jan January 2012 (has links)
The task of my thesis was to automate the process of 3D stacking. The work includes design of complex control board, that will serve as a control unit and provide a comprehensive function of mechanical displacement in combination with digital image acquisition. In addition, the electronics for controlling a stepper motor, PCB and the design. The result of this is a facility that provides automatic acquisition of images with different depth of field.
32

Řízení projektů v obchodní firmě zabývající se vývozem investičních celků / Project management in Trade Company focused on capital equipment export

Schrimpel, Michal January 2011 (has links)
The master’s thesis is focused on project management in Trade Company engaged in export of capital equipment. The Company expanded its offered product portfolio and now is focused to small cogeneration unit market. This work proposed a solution of project management in this new market area. The proposed solution is applied to a specific project of installation of small cogeneration unit.
33

Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Kombination von zwei Tangentialdreschwerken mit tangentialer Gutzuführung

Nguyen, Xuan Thiet 24 June 2008 (has links)
Unter dem Druck der ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen entstehen in der Landwirschaft immer grössere Betriebe. Familienbetriebe von 500 ha sind keine Seltenheit mehr. In Verbindung mit den ökonomischen Anforderungen hat sich die Anzahl der Arbeitskräfte ebenfalls reduziert. All diese Faktoren haben die Entwicklung von leistungsfähigen Maschinen beschleunigt. Auf dem Gebiet der Mädruschtechnik wurden Maschinen mit beträchtlichen Flächenleistungen entwickelt, die unterschiedliche Dreschsysteme besitzen. Das tangentiale Dreschwerk mit Wendtrommel wurde weiter entwickelt und besitzt gegenwärtig noch weitere rotierende Abscheideelemente. Es entstand das axiale Dreschsystem, das sich in Mitteleuropa auch durchgesetzt hat. Das Hybridsystem stellt eine Kombination von Tangential- und Axialdreschwerk dar. Durch die Optimierung der Arbeitselemente der einzelnen Systeme sind gegenwärtig kaum noch Leistungssteigerungen möglich. Leistungsreserven gibt es nach wie vor bei der Gestaltung des kontinuiertlichen Gutflusses, der Verringerung der Strohzerstörung und der Vergrößerung der Abscheidefläche. Ausgehend von diesen Zielstellungen werden zwei Dreschtrommeln mit Schlagleisten übereinander angeordnet. Dabei soll das Dreschgut möglichst tangential zugeführt werden. Durch die Anordnung der Dreschtrommeln werden große Umschlingungswinkel und große Abscheideflächen erreicht. Als Versuchparameter wurden der Zuführwinkel des Dreschgutes, die Korbabstände und der Durchsatz festgelegt. Gemessen wurden das Drehmoment an der ersten Dreschtrommel, die Kräfte am Dreschkorb, die Korn- und die Beimengungsabscheidung in 5 verschiedenen Klassen. Gleichzeitig erfolgte die Ermittlung des Körnerrestes nach dem Dreschwerk. Aus den Untersuchungen und komplexen Betrachtungen können folgende Ergebnisse formuliert werden: 1. Die Anordnung von zwei Dreschtrommeln hintereinander ermöglicht eine tangentiale Gutzuführung bei beiden Dreschtrommeln. 2. Durch eine zweckmäßige Anordnung ist keine Wende- oder Abweisertrommel notwendig. 3. Die tangentiale Gutzuführung bei beiden Trommeln bewirkt, dass die Strohzerkleinerung gering bleibt und der spezifische Energieverbrauch kann gesenkt werden. 4. Es wird durch die zwei Dreschtrommeln ohne großen technischen Aufwand ein Korbumschlingungswinkel von 270° erreicht. 5. Mit großem Korbumschlingungswinkel werden große Abscheideleistungen erreicht. Damit ist eine Leistungssteigerung möglich. 6. Durch den großen Korbumschlingungswinkel kann mit großen Korbabständen schonend gedroschen werden. Der Körnerbruch wird geringer. 7. Durch die geringere Strohzerkleinerung wird die NKB-Abscheidung kleiner und die Reinigungsbelastung geringer. 8. Die Kräfte am Dreschkorb lassen sich als eine Kraft zusammenfassen. Die Kraftrichtung schwankt um die horizontale Ebene im Bereich von – 5° bis +6°. 9. Weitere Untersuchungen, wie das Korn-NKB-Gemisch zur Reinigung des Mähdreschers transportiert wird, sind erforderlich. Aus den Untersuchungen kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass ein derartiges Dreschsystem zur weiteren Leistungssteigerung beitragen kann, wobei die Gesamtkonzeption der gegenwärtigen Mähdrescher zu verändern ist.
34

Scene Recognition and Collision Avoidance System for Robotic Combine Harvesters Based on Deep Learning / 深層学習に基づくロボットコンバインハーベスタのためのシーン認識および衝突回避システム

Li, Yang 23 September 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22784号 / 農博第2427号 / 新制||農||1081(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R2||N5304(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 飯田 訓久, 教授 近藤 直, 教授 中嶋 洋 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
35

A Better Predictor of NFL Success: Collegiate Performance or the NFL Draft Combine?

Gallagher, Michael 01 May 2019 (has links) (PDF)
NFL teams spend massive sums to ensure they are prepared for the future, but how should they determine whom that future includes? This study set out to find what predicts NFL success more accurately – collegiate in-game performance or the NFL Draft Combine. In the sample of 2007-2012 first-round picks, 191 athletes were measured in three NFL Draft Combine drills, two physical components, and a varying amount of ingame collegiate and NFL performance statistical categories, dependent on position. Secondarily, this work examined Power 5 and non-Power 5 players to determine if attending a more prolific program was predictive of NFL success. Findings included that 40-yard dash and vertical jump are predictive of offensive linemen and cornerback NFL success, that in-game collegiate statistics are most indicative of NFL success amongst defensive players, and that Power 5 prospects are no more prepared for NFL success than those coming from non-Power 5 schools.
36

Object Detection in Paddy Field for Robotic Combine Harvester Based on Semantic Segmentation / セマンティックセグメンテーションに基づくロボットコンバインのための物体検出

Zhu, Jiajun 25 September 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24913号 / 農博第2576号 / 新制||農||1103(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 飯田 訓久, 教授 近藤 直, 教授 野口 良造 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
37

Druscheignung als zentrale Führungsgröße im Erntemanagement

Klüßendorf-Feiffer, Andrea 12 August 2009 (has links)
Beim Parameter „Druscheignung“ eines Bestandes wird gemeinhin angenommen, dass dieses Kriterium durch die Genetik der Sorte und den Witterungsverlauf, weitgehend unbeeinflusst von Landwirt, festgelegt ist. Und dennoch verändert der Landwirt mit all seinen Entscheidungen von der Auswahl der Sorten, über die Düngung, den Pflanzenschutz bis hin zum Erntemanagement die Druscheignung stetig. Zur Ernte, als letzten Abschnitt der Verfahrenskette, entfaltet die Druscheignung dann außerordentlich große ökonomische Auswirkungen. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele aus Züchtung, Pflanzenernährung, Pflanzenschutz und Erntetechnologie wurde dargestellt, wie auf die Druscheignung Einfluss genommen werden kann und wie diese Auswirkungen monetär zu bewerten sind. Aus dem Bereich der Züchtung wurde die Entwicklung eines neuen Wuchstyps bei den Rapshalbzwergen ausgewählt, der mit weniger Biomasse konkurrenzfähige Erträge erzielt. Die Abreife ist einheitlicher, der Erntetermin kann problemloser fixiert werden, der Drusch ist leistungsstark und verlustarm. Späte und intensiv geführte Sorten sind mit Hilfe einer Sikkation zeitlich früher und leichter zu beernten. Das schafft Erntesicherheit bei geringeren Verlusten, höheren Mähdrescherleistungen und sinkendem Kraftstoffverbrauch. Die bedarfsgerechte Ausbringung des Stickstoffs in Art, Menge und Zeit, entsprechend der kleinräumigen Heterogenität eines Schlages, führt zu einer Homogenisierung der Bestände. Die Bestände reifen gleichmäßiger ab und führen zu etwa 20 Prozent höherer Mähdrescherleistung sowie geringerem Kraftstoffverbrauch. Am Beispiel des Hochschnitts wurde verdeutlicht, wie sich die bessere Beerntbarkeit auf Maschinenkosten, Gesamternteverluste, Qualität und Trocknung auswirkt. Hebt man die Stoppellänge um 10 Zentimeter an, lässt sich die Mähdrescherleistung um ca. 15 bis 20 Prozent steigern. Diese Beispiele unterstreichen zugleich die Forderung, dass die Druscheignung nicht erst zur Ernte diese Führungsrolle übernimmt, sondern auch in den vorgelagerten Verfahrensabschnitten als ein starkes Entscheidungskriterium gelten muss. / The parameter “threshability” of a stand is commonly assumed to be a criterion defined by the genetics of the strain and the weather conditions which is mainly not influenced by the farmer. Nevertheless, the farmer continuously changes the “threshability” with all his decisions, from the selection of the strains, via the use of fertilizers to the harvest management. For harvest, as the last stage of the process chain, the threshability develops extraordinarily high economic effects. On the basis of several examples from cultivation, plant nutrition, plant protection and harvest technology it was described, how the threshability can be influenced and how this effect is to be assessed monetarily. In the field of cultivation, the development of a new growth type of semi-dwarf rape has been selected, which yields competitive returns with less bio mass. Ripeness is more homogeneous, the harvest date can be fixed without problems, threshing is efficient and with low loss. Using the method of siccation, late and intensively controlled strains can be harvested earlier and easier. This offers harvest safety with low loss, higher combine harvester performance and reduced fuel consumption.The need-based spreading of nitrogen referring to type, quantity and time according to the small-scale spatial heterogeneity of a field leads to a homogenisation of the stands. The stands ripen more evenly and this fact causes about 20 percent higher combine harvester performance, as well as reduced fuel consumption. Using the example of high-cut top harvest it was clarified how the better harvestability influences the machine costs, the total harvest losses, the quality, and the drying process. If the length of the stubbles is extended by 10 centimetres, the combine harvester performance can be increased by 15 to 20 percent. These examples also emphasize the requirement that the threshability does not just take over the leading role for the harvest but has also to be considered as a strong decision criterion within the prior stages of the process.
38

Logística aplicada à colheita mecanizada de cereais. / Cereals mechanized harvest logistics.

Silva, Saulo Salaber Souza e 24 June 2004 (has links)
A produção de cereais constitui uma das atividades de maior importância para o Brasil. O país ocupa posições de liderança na produção mundial, e é um dos principais exportadores. Para que tal desempenho seja cada vez mais superado, o mercado requer custos de produção competitivos e esse se constitui em um dos grandes desafios atuais da agricultura brasileira. Quanto à participação no custo final de produção da tonelada, a operação de colheita é destaque dentre as etapas que compõem o processo produtivo das principais culturas de cereais. Nas culturas do milho e da soja, o custo de suas atividades oscila entre 30 a 40% do total das operações. Mediante tal significância, estratégias de otimização que visem a redução de seu custo operacional, e que ofereçam subsídios para o seu adequado planejamento tornam-se cada vez mais necessárias. Tendo em vista a aplicação de conceitos logísticos no planejamento e coordenação da operação de colheita como um recurso potencial para a redução de seu custo e para a melhoria da qualidade de sua realização, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar estratégias logísticas em sistemas de colheita de cereais. Em função da complexidade das inter-relações que os caracterizam, e do número envolvido de variáveis, optou-se por realizar as análises com base em um modelo computacional de simulação. SisColhe foi o nome escolhido ao programa de logística e simulação de colheita de cereais desenvolvido. As simulações características do estudo ocorreram a partir de três cenários hipotéticos. A partir do desenvolvimento dos cenários, norteou-se a avaliação das estratégias de colheita por seis distintas análises, compreendendo a definição do problema inicial e o desenvolvimento do algoritmo de simulação, a validação dos resultados do programa, a identificação dos parâmetros de maior contribuição para a formação do custo final da tonelada colhida e o entendimento das estruturas de custo e do desempenho operacional da maquinaria. Os resultados demonstraram que a parcela fixa dos custos possui maior participação na formação do custo final da tonelada colhida do que os variáveis, e que o fator de maior contribuição ao aporte de capital é o valor com o qual as colhedoras são adquiridas no mercado. A capacidade de colheita da frota de colhedoras é o parâmetro no qual residem os maiores potenciais de redução de custo. Essa regeu, inclusive, o desempenho dos demais equipamentos, carretas de transbordo e veículos de transporte, demonstrando um comportamento sistêmico entre os componentes da maquinaria. Em se tratando do custo de movimentação de produção, as atividades de carga e descarga dos veículos foram as responsáveis pela maior parcela na formação dos custos de transporte. No planejamento da colheita, o correto dimensionamento da frota, em conjunto com adoção de estratégias alternativas de incremento de desempenho operacional, mostraram-se estratégias viáveis em sistemas caracterizados pela retirada de grandes produções em curtos intervalos de tempo. Os resultados das simulações demonstraram que o SisColhe está apto a auxiliar a análise e a avaliação da colheita mecanizada de cereais. A lógica de comportamento da maquinaria e de suas inter-relações pôde ser reproduzida. As diferenças de validação mostraram-se aceitáveis face às simplificações impostas ao algoritmo e à variabilidade intrínseca ao ambiente agrícola. / Cereals production constitutes one of the most important agricultural activities to Brazil. The country occupies leadership positions in the world production, and it is one of the main exporters. So that such performance be each time more overcame, the market requests competitive production costs, and this is one of the brazilian agriculture great current challenges. Focusing the ton final production cost percentages distribution, the harvest operation is prominence among the main cereals cultures productive process stages. For corn and soybeans cultures, the cost of their activities oscillates among 30 to 40% of the total operations costs. By such significance, optimization strategies that seek for the reduction of its operational cost, and that create conditions for an better harvest planning become more and more necessary. Considering the application of logistical concepts in the harvest operation planning and coordination as a potential resource to the reduction of its cost and improvement of its accomplishment, the present work had for objective to analyze logistical strategies in cereals harvest systems. Due to the complexity of their interrelations, and to the involved variables number, it was decided to base the analyses on a computational simulation model. SisColhe was the chosen name to the logistics and cereals harvest simulation developed software. The simulations that compose the study happened taking in granted three hypothetical sceneries. The evaluation of the harvest strategies was oriented by six different analyses, comprising the initial problem definition and the development of the simulation algorithm, the program results validation, the most cost composition parameters identification and the cost structures and machinery operational performance behavior understanding. The results demonstrated that the fixed components have more participation in the harvest final cost composition than the varied ones, and the larger contribution factor to the capital a port is the value with which the harvesters are acquired. The fleet harvesters operational capacity is the parameter of largest cost reduction potential, since its influenced, besides, the performance of the others fleet equipments, demonstrating a systemic behavior among them. Taking in granted the cost of the production movement, the vehicles charge and discharge activities were the responsible for the largest transport costs portion. In the harvest planning, the correct fleet dimensioning, together with the adoption of performance increment alternative strategies were viable strategies in high productions and small time intervals characterized systems. The simulations results demonstrated that the SisColhe software is capable to aid the analysis and the evaluation of the cereals mechanized harvest. The machinery behavior logic and its interrelations could be reproduced. The validation differences were acceptable due to the algorithm simplifications imposed and to the intrinsic agricultural environmental variability.
39

Avaliação dos desempenhos operacional e energético e da ergonomia de colhedoras de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril) no sistema de plantio direto /

Mazetto, Flávio Rielli, 1978- January 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Kléber Pereira Lanças / Banca: Silvio José Bicudo / Banca: Saulo Philipe Sebastião Guerra / Banca: Alberto Kazushi Nagaoka / Banca: Antonio Gabriel Filho / Resumo: A colheita é uma das atividades mais importantes na agricultura devido ao seu alto valor agregado, compreendendo operações custosas do processo produtivo, devido a alta demanda energética. Sua boa execução contribui para o retorno dos investimentos realizados em todo o ciclo produtivo de uma cultura. Informações dos desempenhos operacional, energético e ergonômico são de grande importância no gerenciamento de sistemas mecanizados agrícolas, auxiliando nas decisões a serem tomadas, visando a racionalização operacional. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu na avaliação de três colhedoras de soja, sendo a primeira com plataforma de 7,62 m, motor de 176,4 kW e tanque graneleiro de 7.200 L, a segunda com plataforma de 7,01 m, motor de 161,7 kW e tanque graneleiro de 6.700 L e a terceira com plataforma de 6,71 m, motor de 165,4 kW e tanque granaleiro de 6.000 L com seus respectivos mecanismos atuadores, para identificar os sistemas mais eficientes quanto à racionalização da demanda energética, ergonomia e desempenho operacional relativos a perdas quantitativas e qualitativas de soja, em área de plantio direto na palha. O experimento foi realizado no campo de produção da fazenda Igreja Velha, Município de Tibagi/PR e as análises laboratoriais no Núcleo de Ensaio de Máquinas e Pneus Agroflorestais (NEMPA) da FCA-UNESP, Campus de Botucatu/SP e no laboratório de Análise de Sementes do Departamento de Fitotecnia da FEIS-UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira/SP. A avaliação do consumo energético foi realizada através da utilização de um fluxômetro, em condições normais de operação da colhedora, e para o desempenho operacional foram obtidos todos os tempos de operação das máquinas. Para a análise das perdas de grãos foram determinadas as perdas de pré-colheita; na plataforma; na trilha, separação e limpeza; e as totais...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstrac: The harvest is one of the most important operation in agriculture due to its high cost, energy demand and its good execution depends the return of investment made in the crop season. Information concerning the operational and ergonomic performance is of great importance in management of agricultural machinery systems to rationalize mechanized operations in agricultural farm. The objective of the present study consisted of evaluating three soybean combine harvesters, the first one with 7,62 m width header, 176,4 kW engine power and 7.200 L grain tank size, the second one with 7,01 m width header, 161,7 kW engine power and 6.700 L grain tank size and the third one with 6,71 m width header, 165,4 kW engine power and 6.000 L grain tank size with its respective mechanisms actuators, to identify the most efficient system in rationalization energy demand, ergonomics and operational performance. The combine harvest test was done at Igreja Velha farm, Tibagi/Parana State, the data analysis were done at Sao Paulo State University - Botucatu and the seed analysis at Sao Paulo State University - Ilha Solteira. The fuel consumption evaluation was made through the use of fluxometer in normal combine operation conditions and for the operational performance was determined all the running machine times. For the grain losses analysis, it was obtained previous losses before harvest; in the headers; in the separation and cleaning system; and total. In all treatments had been...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Doutor
40

Logística aplicada à colheita mecanizada de cereais. / Cereals mechanized harvest logistics.

Saulo Salaber Souza e Silva 24 June 2004 (has links)
A produção de cereais constitui uma das atividades de maior importância para o Brasil. O país ocupa posições de liderança na produção mundial, e é um dos principais exportadores. Para que tal desempenho seja cada vez mais superado, o mercado requer custos de produção competitivos e esse se constitui em um dos grandes desafios atuais da agricultura brasileira. Quanto à participação no custo final de produção da tonelada, a operação de colheita é destaque dentre as etapas que compõem o processo produtivo das principais culturas de cereais. Nas culturas do milho e da soja, o custo de suas atividades oscila entre 30 a 40% do total das operações. Mediante tal significância, estratégias de otimização que visem a redução de seu custo operacional, e que ofereçam subsídios para o seu adequado planejamento tornam-se cada vez mais necessárias. Tendo em vista a aplicação de conceitos logísticos no planejamento e coordenação da operação de colheita como um recurso potencial para a redução de seu custo e para a melhoria da qualidade de sua realização, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar estratégias logísticas em sistemas de colheita de cereais. Em função da complexidade das inter-relações que os caracterizam, e do número envolvido de variáveis, optou-se por realizar as análises com base em um modelo computacional de simulação. SisColhe foi o nome escolhido ao programa de logística e simulação de colheita de cereais desenvolvido. As simulações características do estudo ocorreram a partir de três cenários hipotéticos. A partir do desenvolvimento dos cenários, norteou-se a avaliação das estratégias de colheita por seis distintas análises, compreendendo a definição do problema inicial e o desenvolvimento do algoritmo de simulação, a validação dos resultados do programa, a identificação dos parâmetros de maior contribuição para a formação do custo final da tonelada colhida e o entendimento das estruturas de custo e do desempenho operacional da maquinaria. Os resultados demonstraram que a parcela fixa dos custos possui maior participação na formação do custo final da tonelada colhida do que os variáveis, e que o fator de maior contribuição ao aporte de capital é o valor com o qual as colhedoras são adquiridas no mercado. A capacidade de colheita da frota de colhedoras é o parâmetro no qual residem os maiores potenciais de redução de custo. Essa regeu, inclusive, o desempenho dos demais equipamentos, carretas de transbordo e veículos de transporte, demonstrando um comportamento sistêmico entre os componentes da maquinaria. Em se tratando do custo de movimentação de produção, as atividades de carga e descarga dos veículos foram as responsáveis pela maior parcela na formação dos custos de transporte. No planejamento da colheita, o correto dimensionamento da frota, em conjunto com adoção de estratégias alternativas de incremento de desempenho operacional, mostraram-se estratégias viáveis em sistemas caracterizados pela retirada de grandes produções em curtos intervalos de tempo. Os resultados das simulações demonstraram que o SisColhe está apto a auxiliar a análise e a avaliação da colheita mecanizada de cereais. A lógica de comportamento da maquinaria e de suas inter-relações pôde ser reproduzida. As diferenças de validação mostraram-se aceitáveis face às simplificações impostas ao algoritmo e à variabilidade intrínseca ao ambiente agrícola. / Cereals production constitutes one of the most important agricultural activities to Brazil. The country occupies leadership positions in the world production, and it is one of the main exporters. So that such performance be each time more overcame, the market requests competitive production costs, and this is one of the brazilian agriculture great current challenges. Focusing the ton final production cost percentages distribution, the harvest operation is prominence among the main cereals cultures productive process stages. For corn and soybeans cultures, the cost of their activities oscillates among 30 to 40% of the total operations costs. By such significance, optimization strategies that seek for the reduction of its operational cost, and that create conditions for an better harvest planning become more and more necessary. Considering the application of logistical concepts in the harvest operation planning and coordination as a potential resource to the reduction of its cost and improvement of its accomplishment, the present work had for objective to analyze logistical strategies in cereals harvest systems. Due to the complexity of their interrelations, and to the involved variables number, it was decided to base the analyses on a computational simulation model. SisColhe was the chosen name to the logistics and cereals harvest simulation developed software. The simulations that compose the study happened taking in granted three hypothetical sceneries. The evaluation of the harvest strategies was oriented by six different analyses, comprising the initial problem definition and the development of the simulation algorithm, the program results validation, the most cost composition parameters identification and the cost structures and machinery operational performance behavior understanding. The results demonstrated that the fixed components have more participation in the harvest final cost composition than the varied ones, and the larger contribution factor to the capital a port is the value with which the harvesters are acquired. The fleet harvesters operational capacity is the parameter of largest cost reduction potential, since its influenced, besides, the performance of the others fleet equipments, demonstrating a systemic behavior among them. Taking in granted the cost of the production movement, the vehicles charge and discharge activities were the responsible for the largest transport costs portion. In the harvest planning, the correct fleet dimensioning, together with the adoption of performance increment alternative strategies were viable strategies in high productions and small time intervals characterized systems. The simulations results demonstrated that the SisColhe software is capable to aid the analysis and the evaluation of the cereals mechanized harvest. The machinery behavior logic and its interrelations could be reproduced. The validation differences were acceptable due to the algorithm simplifications imposed and to the intrinsic agricultural environmental variability.

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