Master of Engineering (Research) / The latest wireless communication techniques such as highspeed wireless internet application demand higher data rates and better quality of service (QoS). However, transmission reliability is still degraded by harsh propagation channels. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can increase the system capacity and improve transmission reliability. By transmitting multiple copies of data, a MIMO system can effectively combat the effects of fading. Due to the high hardware cost of a MIMO system, antenna selection techniques have been applied in MIMO system design to reduce the system complexity and cost. The Nakagami-m distribution has been considered for MIMO channel modeling since a wide range of fading channels, from severe to moderate, can be modeled by using Nakagami-m distribution. The Rayleigh distribution is a special case of the Nakagami-m distribution. In this thesis, we analyze the error performance of two MIMO schemes: maximal-ratio combining with transmit antenna selection (the TAS/MRC scheme) and space-time block codes with transmit antenna selection (the TAS/STBC scheme) over Nakagami-m fading channels. In the TAS/MRC scheme, one of multiple transmit antennas, which maximizes the total received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), is selected for uncoded data transmission. First we use a moment generating function based (MGF-based) approach to derive the bit error rate (BER) expressions for binary phase shift keying (BPSK), the symbol error rate (SER) expressions for M-ray phase shift keying (MPSK) and M-ray quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) of the TAS/MRC scheme over Nakagami-m fading channels with arbitrary and integer fading parameters m. The asymptotic performance is also investigated. It is revealed that the asymptotic diversity order is equal to the product of the Nakagami fading parameter m, the number of transmit antenna Lt and the number of receive antenna Lr as if all transmit antenna were used. Then a Gaussian Q-functions approach is used to investigate the error performance of the TAS/STBC scheme over Nakagami-m fading channels. In the TAS/STBC scheme, two transmit antennas, which maximize the output SNR, are selected for transmission. The exact and asymptotic BER expressions for BPSK are obtained for the TAS/STBC schemes with three and four transmit antennas. It is shown that the TAS/STBC scheme can provide a full diversity order of mLtLr.

本文主要是探討「聯合線性模式中獨立的檢定」在實驗設計上的應用。首先我們對Zhou和Mathew在文獻中所概述的例子予以詳盡的分析討論，其次在特殊情況下對Zhou和Mathew所提出的檢定稍做修正，最後以實例模擬比較四個相關檢定之檢力大小。

In wireless communication systems, transmitted signals are corrupted by fading as well as noise. The receiver can benefit from the estimates of fading channels to detect the transmitted symbols. However, in practical wireless systems channel information cannot be estimated perfectly at the receiver. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the effect of channel estimation error on the structure and performance of the receivers. In the first part of the thesis, we study single-user systems with single-antenna reception over fading channels in the presence of Gaussian-distributed channel estimation error. By using the statistical information of the channel estimation error, we will derive the structure of maximum-likelihood receivers for a number of different modulation formats and then analyze their performance over fading channels. In the second part of the thesis, we consider the uplink of multi-user wireless systems with multi-antenna reception. For conventional diversity combining techniques such as maximal ratio combining and optimum combining we analyze the performance degradation due to imperfect channel estimates in the presence of multiple interfering users for several fading channels. By investigating the probability density function of the output signal-to-interference ratio, we will derive analytical expressions for several performance measures such as the average signal-to-interference ratio, outage probability and average bit-error probability. These expressions quantify performance degradation due to channel estimation error.

In wireless communication systems, transmitted signals are corrupted by fading as well as noise. The receiver can benefit from the estimates of fading channels to detect the transmitted symbols. However, in practical wireless systems channel information cannot be estimated perfectly at the receiver. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the effect of channel estimation error on the structure and performance of the receivers. In the first part of the thesis, we study single-user systems with single-antenna reception over fading channels in the presence of Gaussian-distributed channel estimation error. By using the statistical information of the channel estimation error, we will derive the structure of maximum-likelihood receivers for a number of different modulation formats and then analyze their performance over fading channels. In the second part of the thesis, we consider the uplink of multi-user wireless systems with multi-antenna reception. For conventional diversity combining techniques such as maximal ratio combining and optimum combining we analyze the performance degradation due to imperfect channel estimates in the presence of multiple interfering users for several fading channels. By investigating the probability density function of the output signal-to-interference ratio, we will derive analytical expressions for several performance measures such as the average signal-to-interference ratio, outage probability and average bit-error probability. These expressions quantify performance degradation due to channel estimation error.

Quality Protein Maize (QPM) with the mutant gene opaque-2 (o2), has higher lysine and tryptophan content and hard endosperm which is less susceptible to mechanical and biological damage. Three experiments were conducted to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of high lysine maize. In the first experiment two separate diallels including 7 white and 9 yellow QPM inbreds were evaluated in five southern USA environments to estimate the general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for grain yield and to identify potential heterotic relationships among them. QPM hybrids yielded less than commercial checks. GCA effects across environments were non-significant for grain yield but highly significant for secondary traits. Best yielding hybrids resulted from crosses among inbreds from different programs (CIMMYT, Mexico; University of Natal, South Africa and TAMU, USA). In the second experiment testcrosses between QPM inbreds and Tx804, were evaluated for agronomic performance, aflatoxin resistance and quality. QPM inbreds in testcrosses have similar flowering dates, plant height, ear height and test weights but lower grain yield than normal checks. Population 69 inbreds and their testcrosses were least susceptible to aflatoxin. Aflatoxin in testcrosses was positively correlated with endosperm texture (0.67) and kernel integrity (0.60) but negatively correlated with grain yield (-0.30) and silking date (-0.50). Tryptophan content was negatively correlated with endosperm modification. Amino acid levels of inbred lines were significantly correlated with those of hybrids, but with low predictive value. In the third experiment 92 high lysine maize inbreds with different origins [Stiff Stalk, Non Stiff Stalk, Pop 69, temperate (Tx802, Tx804, Tx806, B97, B104) and exotic subtropical lines (CML161, Do940y and Ko326y)] were haplotyped on a cM scale utilizing 43 mapped SSR markers to characterize genetic diversity on chromosome 7, estimate linkage disequilibrium around opaque-2 locus and determine the parental contribution in some inbreds. Dendrograms of genetic similarity showed clusters in agreement with the different origin of inbreds. A total of 200 alleles were detected with an average of 4.7 alleles/locus. Significant linkage disequilibrium was detected around opaque-2 locus. Parental contributions of haplotypes showed segments of chromosome 7 exclusively contributed by one or the other parent.

This study investigates combined clause constructions for ten distinct semantic relations in a cross-section of Austronesian languages. The relations are of a temporal or co-varying nature, the former commonly expressed in English by such markers as when, then, until, etc. and the latter by if, so, because, etc. The research falls into three main sections. First, the study provides an overview of the semantic domain covered by the relevant relations in the Austronesian languages. Several subdistinctions are found to be made within the relations investigated. The study also explores polysemic relation markers, and a number of patterns are identified. The most common pattern is the overlap between open conditional and non-past co-occurrence relations, for which many Austronesian languages employ the same relation marker. Second, the study develops a morpho-syntactic typology of Austronesian clause combining based on three parameters related to features common to clause combining constructions. The typology divides the constructions into five different types that are ranked with regard to structural tightness. Some additional constructions, cutting across several types, are also discussed; in particular, asymmetric coordination, which involves the use of a coordinator to connect a fronted topicalized adverbial clause to the rest of the sentence. Finally, the study explores the distributional patterns of the morpho-syntactic types across the semantic relations, as well as across three geographical areas in the Austronesian region. In the former case, a clear correlation is found between posteriority and result relations on the one hand and looser structural types on the other. The distribution of types across the Austronesian region reveals few differences between the areas, although two tendencies could be detected: the Oceanic languages tend to employ slightly looser morpho-syntax, while the Formosan and Philippine languages employ slightly tighter morpho-syntax.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Master of Engineering (Research) / The latest wireless communication techniques such as highspeed wireless internet application demand higher data rates and better quality of service (QoS). However, transmission reliability is still degraded by harsh propagation channels. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can increase the system capacity and improve transmission reliability. By transmitting multiple copies of data, a MIMO system can effectively combat the effects of fading. Due to the high hardware cost of a MIMO system, antenna selection techniques have been applied in MIMO system design to reduce the system complexity and cost. The Nakagami-m distribution has been considered for MIMO channel modeling since a wide range of fading channels, from severe to moderate, can be modeled by using Nakagami-m distribution. The Rayleigh distribution is a special case of the Nakagami-m distribution. In this thesis, we analyze the error performance of two MIMO schemes: maximal-ratio combining with transmit antenna selection (the TAS/MRC scheme) and space-time block codes with transmit antenna selection (the TAS/STBC scheme) over Nakagami-m fading channels. In the TAS/MRC scheme, one of multiple transmit antennas, which maximizes the total received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), is selected for uncoded data transmission. First we use a moment generating function based (MGF-based) approach to derive the bit error rate (BER) expressions for binary phase shift keying (BPSK), the symbol error rate (SER) expressions for M-ray phase shift keying (MPSK) and M-ray quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) of the TAS/MRC scheme over Nakagami-m fading channels with arbitrary and integer fading parameters m. The asymptotic performance is also investigated. It is revealed that the asymptotic diversity order is equal to the product of the Nakagami fading parameter m, the number of transmit antenna Lt and the number of receive antenna Lr as if all transmit antenna were used. Then a Gaussian Q-functions approach is used to investigate the error performance of the TAS/STBC scheme over Nakagami-m fading channels. In the TAS/STBC scheme, two transmit antennas, which maximize the output SNR, are selected for transmission. The exact and asymptotic BER expressions for BPSK are obtained for the TAS/STBC schemes with three and four transmit antennas. It is shown that the TAS/STBC scheme can provide a full diversity order of mLtLr.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:00:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_mwp_dr_botfca.pdf: 347050 bytes, checksum: 56204ce7428a20502b79ab1119ebfc3f (MD5) / Com a crescente demanda de milho doce no mercado brasileiro para diversas finalidades, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de materiais cada vez mais produtivos. Neste contexto, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar as capacidades geral e específica de combinação de linhagens endogâmicas de milho doce, portadoras do gene SHRUNKEN-2, bem como, identificar híbridos simples promissores para utilização como enlatados e/ou comercialização de espigas na forma de milho verde. Para isso, foram obtidos híbridos simples por meio de cruzamentos dialélicos parciais incompletos. As avaliações deram-se no ano agrícola 2000/2001 em São Manuel-SP, Piracanjuba-GO e Bragança Paulista-SP. Foram conduzidos 4 experimentos por local, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados no esquema de látice simples 10 x 10, onde as parcelas constituíram-se de 1 linha de 5 metros. A partir dos dados de produção total de espigas com palha, produção comercial com palha, produção comercial sem palha, alturas de planta e de espiga e índice de espigas dos híbridos, foram obtidas as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos, utilizando-se o método dos quadrados mínimos. Após o desdobramento do quadrado médio dos tratamentos em capacidades geral do grupo 1, do grupo 2 e da capacidade específica de combinação, constatou-se maior variabilidade por parte da capacidade geral de combinação do grupo 2 de genitores; o efeito gênico predominante foi o de origem não aditiva; ocorrência de genitores com boa capacidade combinatória; existência de híbridos promissores para cada local de avaliação. / With the crescent demand of swet corn in the Brazilian market for distinct purposes, it becomes necessary the development of materials more and more productives. In this context, this research objected to evaluate the general and specific combining abilities of sweet corn inbred lines with SHRUNKEN – 2 gene, as well as identify single-crosses promissing to utilization like canned and/ or commercialization of ears as green corn. For that, it was obtained single-crosses by using of partial diallel incomplete crosses. The evaluations were done in 2000 / 2001 in São Manuel – SP, Piracanjuba – GO e Bragança Paulista – SP, Brazil. It was carried out four experiments per place by utilizing the 10 x 10 simple lattice design, where the plots consisted in one line of five meters. From the basis of total production of ear with husk, commercial production with husk, commercial production without husk, plant heigh and ear, and the index of ear from single cross, was obtained by estimation of minimum square. Afterwards the unrolled of the mean square of the treatments in general combining ability of group 1 and group 2, and of the specific combining ability evidencied a large variability apart of general combining ability of the group 2 parentals; the predominant gene ffect was non- additive; occurence of parentals with a good combining ability; and the existence of promissing single crosses for each evaluated place.

Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade / Banca: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes / Banca: José Roberto Môro / Resumo: O sucesso nos programas de melhoramento genético de milho depende da identificação de parentais com boa capacidade de combinação para a produção de híbridos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar linhagens com boa capacidade de combinação utilizando dialelo parcial. Foram avaliadas 16 linhagens, das populações de milho Dentado e Flintisa, em um dialelo parcial onde cada linhagem foi cruzada com as oito linhagens da população contrastante, obtendo-se 64 híbridos simples. Os 64 híbridos foram avaliados em látice triplo em duas safras (semeaduras em 04/07/2009 e 16/11/2009). Ao final de cada repetição do látice foram colocadas as testemunhas comerciais XB 6012, AG 9010, XB 7253 e BG 7049, visando uma comparação simples com os híbridos experimentais. Foram preditos híbridos duplos e triplos. Os caracteres mensurados foram florescimento feminino, altura de plantas, altura de espigas, acamamento e rendimento de grãos. Os híbridos simples 4Dx6F, 7Dx4F, 7Dx6F e 7Dx8F foram indicados para prosseguirem no programa como promissores para as duas safras. Os híbridos simples 1Dx6F, 2Dx8F, 5Dx5F, 7Dx1F, e 7Dx3F foram indicados para prosseguirem no programa como promissores para a primeira safra. Os híbridos simples 3Dx2F, 3Dx3F, 2Dx7F, 5Dx6F, 6Dx3F, 7Dx4F, 2Dx5F, 2Dx6F, 7Dx2F e 7Dx3F foram indicados para prosseguirem no programa como promissores para a segunda safra. Os híbridos triplos mais promissores para a primeira safra de semeadura ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The success in the maize breeding programs depends of the identification of inbred lines with good combining ability for hybrids production. The objective of this study was to identify inbred lines with good combining ability using partial diallel. Were evaluated 16 inbred lines of the maize populations Dentado and Flintisa in a partial diallel where each inbred line was crossed with the eight of the other population, resulting in 64 hybrids. The 64 hybrids were evaluated in a triple lattice in two crop season (sowing on 04/07/2009 and 16/11/2009). At the end of each repetition of the lattice were placed commercial controls XB 6012, AG 9010, XB 7253 and BG 7049, seeking a simple comparison with the experimental hybrids. Were measured the female flowering, plant height, ear height, lodging and grain yield. The hybrids 4Dx6F, 7Dx4F, 7Dx8F and 7Dx8F were appointed to continue in program as promising for the two crop seasons. The hybrids 1Dx6F, 2Dx8F, 5Dx5F, 7Dx1F, e 7Dx3F were appointed to continue in program as promising for the first crop season. The hybrids 3Dx2F, 3Dx3F, 2Dx7F, 5Dx6F, 6Dx3F, 7Dx4F, 2Dx5F, 2Dx6F, 7Dx2F e 7Dx3F were appointed to continue the program as promising for the second crop season. The most promising triple hybrids for the first crop can be obtained as follows: Simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 1F, 3F, 4F and 8F, with the inbred line 7D; simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 1D, 2D and 4D, with the inbred line 6F; simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 3D and 5D, with the inbred line 5F. The triple hybrids more promising for the second crop planting can be obtained as follows: Simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 3D and 6D, with the inbred line 3F; simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 4D, 5D and 7D, with the inbred line 6F; simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 3D and 5D, with the inbred line 2F; simple ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre