Retention and productivity levels of a workforce are one of the essential ingredients for organisations to prosper in today's competitive business environment. Turnover intentions of the workforce are an important consideration for managers of organisations, employees, families, and communities alike. This study investigated a comprehensive model of turnover intentions that included two proximal variables, (job satisfaction, and organisational commitment), the distal variables of organisational justice, work strain, work overload, and work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict with the turnover intentions. A questionnaire was completed by 114 participants of the Allied Health workforce at the Waikato District Health Board, from allied health occupational groups, psychologists, physiotherapists, social workers, dieticians, and speech language therapists. Job satisfaction, affective commitment, distributive, interactional, and procedural justice, strain and family-to-work conflict were correlated with turnover intentions. Results of the mediated regression analyses found that job satisfaction and affective commitment are significant mediators between distributive, interactional, and procedural justice, work strain, and family work conflict with turnover intentions. The major implications from this research are that managers of organisation need to foster job satisfaction and affective commitment within their organisation to reduce turnover intentions. In the final chapter, the conclusions are discussed in terms of its practical implications to organisations, employees and the need for future research.

<p>En anställds erfarenheter av arbetet påverkar commitment; bra erfarenheter höjer commitment och dåliga erfarenheter sänker den. Det finns olika former av commitment, affektiv och continuance. Affektiv commitment avser en känslomässig bindning till företaget, medan continuance commitment avser kostnaden  som uppkommer vid byte av arbetsplats.  Människor som känner starkt för sitt arbete uppvisar också mindre organisatorisk cynism. Organisatorisk cynism är en negativ  attityd mot det anställande företaget. Syftet med arbetet är att belysa förhållandet mellan organisatorisk cynism och affektiv respektive continuance commitment och besvara huruvida anställningstid påverkar dessa. Enkätresultat visade signifikant negativ korrelation mellan organisatorisk cynism och affektiv commitment, men ingen korrelation med continuance commitment eller anställningstid. Enligt denna undersökning är det viktigt att skilja mellan affektiv commitment, som har ett samband med organisatorisk cynism, och continuance commitment, som inte har det.</p>

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2004.

En anställds erfarenheter av arbetet påverkar commitment; bra erfarenheter höjer commitment och dåliga erfarenheter sänker den. Det finns olika former av commitment, affektiv och continuance. Affektiv commitment avser en känslomässig bindning till företaget, medan continuance commitment avser kostnaden  som uppkommer vid byte av arbetsplats.  Människor som känner starkt för sitt arbete uppvisar också mindre organisatorisk cynism. Organisatorisk cynism är en negativ  attityd mot det anställande företaget. Syftet med arbetet är att belysa förhållandet mellan organisatorisk cynism och affektiv respektive continuance commitment och besvara huruvida anställningstid påverkar dessa. Enkätresultat visade signifikant negativ korrelation mellan organisatorisk cynism och affektiv commitment, men ingen korrelation med continuance commitment eller anställningstid. Enligt denna undersökning är det viktigt att skilja mellan affektiv commitment, som har ett samband med organisatorisk cynism, och continuance commitment, som inte har det.

With the trend of financial business integration, the life insurance companies face keen market competition. They are forced to develop multiple channels since the agency channel which was the main distribution channel can not stay competitive in the market. In 2009, 63.15% of first-year premium collections on life insurance products come from the bancassurance channel and 33.85% are from the agency channel. However, life insurance products are intangible and agents play significant roles during service delivery in order to meet various customers¡¦ need. This is why most life companies still choose to strengthen the agency channel. Thus, it merits a better attention to probe into the relationships between life companies and their agents. The study is conducted by the questionnaire survey on F Life Insurance Company. Throughout interviewing 509 agents and 200 customers, the datum of the research is made by reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, independent sample t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis to verify the identity degrees of the interviewees on the organizational commitment, the professional commitment, the organizational citizenship behavior, and the service quality. Following are the major findings: 1. Each one of the organizational commitment, the professional commitment, and the organizational citizenship behavior are statistically significant and positive correlated to the service quality. Among them, the organizational citizenship behavior is with the strongest influence on the service quality, then the professional commitment second, and the organizational commitment last. 2. Among the sub-dimensions, the continuance commitment in the organizational commitment explains most the variations of the service quality. Also, the professional involvement in the professional commitment explains most the one. And, the participation in the organizational citizenship behavior explains the most the one and then the service delivery. It means that the professional involvement and the participation of the agents are with significant effects on the service quality. 3. The variations in the identity degrees of the service quality of the agents and the customers are significantly different. 4. The variations in the identity degrees of the organizational commitment of the different agency channel are significantly different. From the findings of the research, the organizational citizenship behavior is proven the most impacts on the service quality and the professional commitment influences the organizational citizenship behavior more than the organizational commitment. Consequently, the life companies should invest more training resources to upgrade agents¡¦ professional capability except for enhancing the organizational identification of agents. Professional agents are more confident of selling and delivering service, and perform organizational citizenship behavior better, so that earn customers¡¦ trust and improve service quality. Ultimately, it creates irreplaceable value of the agency channel.

Besides offering good salary, companies in China start to enhance the job satisfaction of employee to retain employees. The demission rate Uni-President Group has always been lower than others in the same industry; even lower than the overall demission rate of many China enterprises. Among various reasons to affect the demission rate, Uni-President Group in China has a complete and systematic education and training system. Therefore, we set the training as an independent variable, and the three dimensions of organizational commitment to work, professional commitment, and the organizational citizenship behaviors as dependent variables, to discover the effect of independent variable to dependent variables. We set the supervisor¡¦s attitudes toward employees in the process of training as adjustment variable. Our hypothesis is that the supervisor¡¦s attitude will have effect in organizational commitment to work, professional commitment, and the organizational citizenship behaviors of employee. In the sample of 302 full-time employees of Uni-President Group in China, the amount of different training courses accepted by employee will have effect on the three dimensions, organizational commitment, professional commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors of work. And supervisor¡¦s attitudes di have adjust effect in organizational commitment to work, professional commitment, and the organizational citizenship behaviors of employee.

With the rise of Web 2.0 concept, the development of virtual communities focuses more on the factors of relationship and interaction. Micro-blogging, the kind of community platforms that limit the length of a post and emphasize real-time and interactive features, has become popular these years. Seeing the potential of micro-blogging marketing, many businesses start to use micro-blogging as a promotional channel. With the different characteristics and multiple features of micro-blogging services, however, most businesses are still exploring how to make relationship marketing successful. This study uses commitment-trust theory by Morgan & Hunt (1994) to investigate the building of trust and commitment between users and communities and their influence on community loyalty from the perspective of relationship commitment. An online-survey was conducted among Plurk users, and 300 valid respondents were used for data analysis by structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicate that commitment and trust have a significantly positive effect on loyalty. Trust is significantly influenced by shared values, communication and opportunistic behavior, and commitment is significantly influenced by relation-ship benefits and trust. Information quality and shared values, however, do not have significant impact on commitment. Furthermore, user characteristics and usage frequency have significant moderating effect on the level of causal influence. The results show the importance of trust and commitment building in micro-blogging and provide useful suggestions for micro-blogging marketing.

This study was an attempt to add to the existing research base, as well as fill in a gap in the literature with regard to speech language pathologists in public educational organizations in Texas. Variables explored in this study were recruitment, retention, career commitment, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, job overload, and turnover intent. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between recruitment, retention, career commitment, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, job overload, and the turnover intent of speech language pathologists in Texas. Additionally, this study sought to identify those factors that most influence the recruitment and retention of speech pathologists. A random sample of 500 speech pathologists was identified for participation in this study. Responses were elicited via Questionnaires, and consisted of eight sections: (a) demographic information and (b) seven previously validated and reliable instruments related to the variables identified in this study. All instruments were deemed appropriate for use in this study and were set to a six-point Likert scale. The data revealed that job responsibility, pay level, size of caseload, needing a job, and administrative support played a major role in the recruitment of speech language pathologists. On the other hand, job satisfaction, caseload, and job security were found to be the most influential in the retention of speech language pathologists. Furthermore, recruitment, retention, and job overload were found to have a significant positive relationship to turnover intent in speech pathologists, whereas career commitment, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction were found to have a significant negative relationship to turnover intent.

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory disease (SARS) in Taiwan on April, 2003 caused the life of Taiwanese out of order and panic. The health-care workers feel anxious and panic. The downside emotion even caused escape and mass resignations in hospitals. SARS tested how good every individual and the leadership of every hospital, area, and nation can handle crisis. Can hospitals offer enough support and a safe working environment to their health-care workers? Does the working attitude and willing of the health-care workers relate to how much awareness of the support from the hospitals? The purpose of the research is to find out during SARS, the working stress for anesthetists, the relation of support from the hospitals and the working attitude and willing to take care of patients from the anesthetists. Hope this can be a reference to management level in medical care organization The conclusion of this research: 1.The management level in hospitals should apply different HR strategies to different health-care workers as every health-care worker has different personality. The difference makes his commitment to organization, profession and willing to take care of patients different. 2.During SARS, the awareness from anesthetists to organization support includes four sides. They are safe support, emotional support, fair support and respect support. The four sides have different affects on anesthetists¡¦ working attitude. To organization commitment, the most important is safe support and then ¡K. Support, fair support and respect support. 3. If health-care workers can feel enough support from the organization, they will feedback their commitment to the organization and profession. Therefore, except giving the assistance to reduce working stress, the management level should provide enough safe support, emotional support, fair support and respect support. 4. Working stress affects health-care workers¡¦ willing to stay on duty and take care of SARS patients. Therefore, to assist health-care workers in reducing fear and uncertainty of SARS, increasing the ability to adjust stress by training of SARS can reduce the intention of quit and job changing. The assistance can encourage the health-care workers to be more aggressive on taking care of SARS patients.

People are without a doubt our most important asset. It is imperative that companies develop their people to unleash their full potential, which will in turn be a benefit to the company. The future of successful, competitive companies will depend on the work force of that company. The context that organisations operate within has undergone a change from a hierarchical structure to one of building of human capital. This means that organisations need leadership as a vehicle to ensure successful empowerment. It is essential that leaders utilise and develop the potential of their people. This study conceptualises empowerment from a psychological and organizational perspective. Empowerment is defined and divided into the categories of leadership empowering behaviour, motivational empowerment (psychological empowerment) and structural empowerment. The psychological perspective measures the four cognitions (meaning, competence, self-determination and impact) that provide employees with a sense of empowerment. The objective of this study is to determine the levels of psychological empowerment, leader-empowering behaviour, organisational commitment and job satisfaction. Data were gathered from 90 employees of the financial division within a recruitment company. The research results of the empirical study were reported and discussed according to the empirical objectives. The descriptive statistics and the internal consistency of the measuring instruments of the total population were highlighted. Thereafter reliability and validity of the measuring instruments were discussed. A correlation design was applied to determine the relationship between the constructs. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient and factor analysis was determined for the measuring instrument and the Pearson correlation was computed. A regression analysis has been conducted to determine to what extent psychological empowerment and leader empowering behaviour predicts job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Results of the empirical study indicated that differences exist between organizational levels, tenure, age and gender groups in terms of psychological empowerment, leader empowering behaviour, job satisfaction and organisational commitment experienced. Employees reflected a positive experience with regard to psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and organisational commitment whereas leader empowering behaviour is not experienced at a positive level. Recommendations are based on the research results. The implications of psychologically empowered employees for organisations were discussed. The recommendations focus on management and leader development, career development, career counselling, creating a motivational climate, performance and team development. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2004.