<p> Architecture Description Languages were developed to support the abstract level of software structuring that is the subject matter of software architecture. CommUnity is an ADL built on co-ordination principles and a categorical framework to support the composition of specifications of components to form the system's specification. However, an important problem of CommUnity is the lack of support for specifying the system's architectural changes in both the set of components and the connections between them.</p> <p> This thesis presents DynaComm, an extension of CommUnity to support hierarchical design and dynamic reconfiguration of component based systems. Several new language constructs are introduced into DynaComm: subsystems are coarse grained components which are considered as the basic unit for the construction of systems, connectors encapsulate a component interaction pattern that can organize the possibly complicated interactions between the components of a subsystem. We also propose the idea of interface manager to solve the problem of incorrectly synchronized actions in CommUnity, and the concept of population manager to manage the live instances of components in a subsystem, through which we can model potentially complicated dynamic reconfigurations in a system.</p> <p> To use the semantics of CommUnity in defining the semantics of DynaComm, a "normalization" technique is introduced to transform the parameterized (indexed) actions into "normal" actions of CommUnity and reduce the specification of connectors and subsystems to flat CommUnity designs, so that we can derive the system's semantics in a certain state.</p> <p> Two illustrative examples, fault-tolerant dynamic client-server and vending machine systems, are also given to show the usage of DynaComm in modeling complicated and dynamic systems.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

El Centro de Desarrollo Juvenil – Arequipa es un centro el cual busca captar a los jóvenes desde temprana edad para que puedan emplear mejor sus tiempos libres y que puedan explorar y mejorar sus habilidades y talentos, alejándolos de esta manera de las malas practicas delincuenciales, aloholismo, prostitución, drogadicción, etc. Para que este centro sea atractivo para ellos, lo que se plantea desde un inicio es la ambigüedad de los espacios, y que asi el usuario no se sienta presionado a realizar determinada actividad, creando espacios intermedios en constante relación con el exterior y/o otras actividades, lo que los motiva incluso a interrelacionarse y poder compartir experiencias, generando un ambiente especial para ellos, en los cuales se sientan a gusto y a la vez explotando sus habilidades. El proyecto alberga bloques los cuales se diferencian por su actividad, sea cultural, deportiva y artística, todos estos bloques están planteados unidos por una serie de cintas que, en el nivel inferior, forma una plaza previa al recinto. / The Youth Community Center - Arequipa is a center which seeks to attract young people from an early age so that they can better use their free time and explore their skills and talents, this distancing them from bad criminal practices, alcoholism , prostitution, drug addiction, etc. For this center to be attractive to them, what is proposed from the beginning is the ambiguity of the spaces, and so the user does not feel pressured to perform a certain activity, creating intermediate spaces in constant relationship with the outside and / or other activities, which motivates them to interrelate and be able to share experiences, generating a special environment for them, in which they feel at ease and at the same time exploiting their skills. The the architecture is conformed by blocks which are differentiated by their activity, cultural, sports and artistic, all these blocks are raised together by a series of tapes that in the lower level, form a square prior to the Center. / Tesis

La dynamique temporelle des communautés de mégafaune épibenthique associées aux marges continentales demeurent peu connue. Face à ce constat, l’objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence les échelles temporelles, les facteurs environnementaux et les processus qui régissent la dynamique des communautés vivant entre 400 et 1000 m de profondeur sur la pente et dans le Canyon de Barkley (Colombie-Britannique, Canada). Pour répondre à cet objectif, nous avons utilisé les séquences vidéo et les données océanographiques fournies sur chaque site par l’observatoire NEPTUNE d’Ocean Networks Canada. Ces données ont été couplées aux paramètres météorologiques et océanographiques de surface fournis par la bouée La Perouse bank, ainsi qu’aux images satellitaires (NASA) de concentration en chlorophylle de surface. Le gradient bathymétrique et oxique entre la pente et les sites du canyon sont vraisemblablement responsables de la composition spécifique distincte de ces communautés. Les variations saisonnières dominaient de la même manière la dynamique temporelle des trois communautés. Celles-ci ont été associées à la variation de production primaire de surface qui semble exercer son influence au travers de nombreux processus tels que l’arrivée de nourriture sur le fond ou par effets de cascade via la chaîne trophique. Nous avons également montré au travers de l’étude du cycle de vie du crabe tanneur Chionoecetes tanneri l’importance des cycles de vie des espèces et l’influence potentielle des interactions biotiques dans cette dynamique des communautés. Des indices concernant des phénomènes de plus longue durée, probablement de l’ordre de la décennie, confirment l’importance de continuer ce type de suivi sur un plus long terme. / The temporal dynamics of epibenthic megafaunal communities inhabiting continental margins remain poorly studied. The objectives of this thesis were to describe the time scales, environmental factors and processes influencing the temporal dynamic of the communities living at 900 and 1000 m depth at the wall and the axis (respectively) of Barkley Canyon and at the adjacent slope at 400m depth (British Columbia, Canada). To this end, we used video sequences and oceanographic data acquired at each site by Ocean Networks Canada's NEPTUNE observatory. These data were combined with meteorological and oceanographic surface parameters provided by the LaPerouse bank buoy and the NASA satellite images for surface chlorophyll concentration.The bathymetric and oxic gradients between the slope and the canyon sites are likely responsible for the distinct species compositions observed for these communities. Seasonal variations equally dominated the temporal dynamics of the three communities.These results were associated with the variations in primary surface production through many processes such as the arrival of food at the bottom and/or by cascading effects via the trophic food chain. The study of the life cycle of the tanner crab Chionoecetes tanneri revealed the importance of species life cycles and the potential influence of biotic interactions in communities’ temporal dynamics. Some clues on phenomena of longer duration, probably decadal, confirmed the importance of maintaining long-term monitoring in the area.