This thesis begins by discussing the contemporary housing crisis. it further appoints that a change is needed in the design of housing. And this change could be flexible architecture. Flexible architecure as in, when a building can adapt to new changes. Changes like: the inhabitant(s) need for space. The inhabitant(s) economy. The inhabitant(s) geographical position. The inhabitant(s) will of changing the design to their own needs. The thesis continues by exploring flexibility on a micro level. The author of the thesis propose a flexible construction system made out of wooden bricks. The author investigates what the qualities of the system but also the limitations. In the last part of the thesis the author investigates flexibility on a macro level. He proposes a grid-system made out of CLT-beams. Where flexible modules made out of wood inhabit the gridsystem. The modules can be adapted for many different changes. Changes like need for more or less space. The need for moving, etc.

I began my thesis with compact living as my starting point. I researched the way we live in cities today and learnt that 57% of Stockholm’s inhabitants live in a two bedroom and kitchen apartment or smaller. My aim is to create furniture modules that can enhance small apartments. I created three modules that incorporate all essential items of furniture; these modules can be adapted for any apartment. In order to show how the modules can be used I picked a small site in central Stockholm and allowed the house to be shaped by the apartments, the apartments are in turn shaped by the furniture.

Cepheid provides instruments and tests for molecular diagnostic testing of bacterial and viral diseases. Their goal is to deliver a better way to improve patient outcomes by enabling access to molecular diagnostic testing everywhere. These test kits are used in warm and humid countries which may challenge the stability of the kits. The test kits containly ophilized beads, which contain enzymes for the polymerase chain reaction, which usually ages first. The ageing of the beads is effected by the initial water content in them since it defines the quality. Therefore, it is of great importance to have a very precise and exact water measurement method. The degree project covers the optimization of the Standard Operating Procedure used today at Cepheid with the research question: Can optimization of the Karl Fischer method improve the precision when measuring the initial moisture content of freeze-dried enzyme beads? The method for measuring the water content was the Karl Fischer titration method and the instrument used was the Mettler Toledo C30S Compact Karl Fischer-coulometer. The different optimized parameters were the sample preparation, extraction process and how the measurement was proceeded. It can be concluded that optimized method provides significantly different results compared with the old method and therefore the new method is better. / Cepheid tillverkar instrument och test för molekylär diagnostisk testning av bakteriella och virala sjukdomar. Målet är att leverera en lösning som leder till en förbättring för patienterna genom att möjliggöra tillgång till molekylär diagnostisk var än den behöver utföras i världen, under stora variationer i mätmiljön. Dessa testkit används i varma och fuktigalä nder vilket kan utmana stabiliteten hos produkten. Testen innehåller lyofiliserade kulor och det är dessa som vanligtvis åldras först. Kulornas hållbarhet påverkas av den ursprungliga vattenhalten, vilket definierar kvalit´en. Därför är det mycket viktigt att ha en mycket exakt metod att mäta fuktinnehållet i kulorna. Examensarbetet omfattar optimering av den standardoperativa proceduren som används idag på Cepheid och fr°ageställningen är: Kan optimering av Karl Fischer-metoden förbättra precisionen vid mätning av det ursprungliga fuktinnehållet i frystorkade enzymkulor?Den metod som används vid mätningen av vattenhalten är Karl Fischer-titreringsmetoden och instrumentet som användes var Mettler Toledo C30S Compact Karl Fischer-coulometer. De olika optimerade parametrarna var: förberedelsen av proven, extraktionsprocessen och själva utförandet av mätningen.Den slutsats som kan dras efter optimeringen är att den nya metoden ger ett mer exakt och bättre resultat än den gamla.

No / A novel conical beam patch antenna design, suitable for local area network applications, uses a central cylindrical connection from the disc to ground to achieve a large reduction in resonant size. Results on efficiency, bandwidth, and pattern are reported for several prototypes.

The main objectives of this study were to investigate (i) anovel wetland treatment technology and (ii) selected bed filtermedia for the removal of contaminants from landfill leachate. Areview of the literature concerning experiences of the use ofconstructed wetlands (CW) for the removal of nitrogen fromlandfill leachate, showed that at least three groups oftreatment systems are in practice: sub-surface flow wetlands,hybrid systems (a combination of vertical and horizontal flowwetlands) and, compact constructed wetland (CCW). Most of thesetypeswere generally effective in reducing nitrogen (N,e.g.NH4-N, dominant N species in leachate) down toeffluent concentrations of about 10 mg L-1. Unfortunately, very little evidence ofresponsible mechanisms for the removal of N was presented,although some data indicated denitrification. The treatmentperformance of a compact constructed wetland (CCW) applied atthe Tveta Landfill, Södertälje, Sweden, wasevaluated. Chemically purified leachate and untreated leachatewere applied in periods of 7 day submergence and 7 day drainageto different sections of the CCW. The removal efficiency variedbetween 40 and 82%, and a mass removal rate of up to 5.1 g m2d-1was achieved. The chemical pre-treatment had adecisive role for the highest removal efficiencies obtained andit was unclear whether that treatment enhanced the efficiencybecause of lower toxicity and/or content of fewer competingcations. The possible combination of bed filter media and CCWas an ecotechnological treatment method for landfill leachatewas investigated by bench-scale laboratory column experiments.Reactive filter media (sorbents) was selected from their knownor suggested capacities for removal of heavy metals, nitrogenand phosphorus. Quartz sand or natural sand from an esker wasused as reference medium. Peat was used as an additionalcomponent in mixtures with the reactive media Polonite®(product from the bedrock opoka) and blastfurnace slag (BFS). A small column study also involved zeolite.Phosphorus was efficiently removed by Polonite®and NH4-N to some extent. Concerning metal removal, thebest performance was found as well for Polonite®, especially for Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu. The BFSshowed good removal efficiency for Cu, Ni and Mo. The removalof different elements was suggested to be a combination ofseveral factors,e.g.precipitation, ion exchange and adsorption. Priorto full-scale application of reactive filters at a landfillsite, matrix selection, filter design and operationalprocedures must be developed. Keywords:Blast furnace slag; Compact constructedwetland; Metals; Nitrogen; Polonite; Sorbents

One of the many characterizations of compact operators is as linear operators whichcan be closely approximated by bounded finite rank operators (theorem 25). It iswell known that the numerical range of a bounded operator on a finite dimensionalHilbert space is closed (theorem 54). In this thesis we explore how close to beingclosed the numerical range of a compact operator is (theorem 56). We also describehow limited the difference between the closure and the numerical range of a compactoperator can be (theorem 58). To aid in our exploration of the numerical range ofa compact operator we spend some time examining its spectra, as the spectrum of abounded operator is closely tied to its numerical range (theorem 45). Throughout,we use the forward shift operator and the diagonal operator (example 1) to illustratethe exceptional behavior of compact operators.

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<p> We look at methods to generate uniformly distributed points from the classical matrix groups, spheres, projective spaces, and Grassmannians. We motivate the discussion with a number of applications ranging from number theory to wireless communications. The uniformity of the samples and the efficiency of the algorithms are compared. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)