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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Bamboo Housing: Building with Composites for Dignity and Longevity

Marggraf, Gregory Paul 26 October 2023 (has links)
This mixed methods thesis provides a cumulative study of bamboo as a natural material and building product through the lenses of architectural and product design, engineering, manufacturing, agriculture, material science, environmental science, history, and culture. All case study work is based in the context of coastal Ecuador. The main goal of the thesis is to explore an identified need for a bamboo relief housing system that has the attributes of longevity and quality, but is also rapidly deployable via pre-fabrication. This exploration is performed with the methodology of an in-country applied product and process design, physical prototyping of elements and joints, mechanical performance testing, a case study house design, and a comparative cost analysis with an alternative bamboo relief home. Results of these methods include a successful on-site fabrication process for cross-laminated floor panels installed into culm-frame structure, adequate floor system bending data for design incorporation, and a cost-effective design proposal compared to bamboo disaster-relief precedence. This thesis has the potential to be built upon to the result of real-world environmental, economic, and social impact. / Master of Science / This thesis addresses the use of bamboo in coastal Ecuador from the perspectives of architectural and product design, engineering, manufacturing, agriculture, material science, environmental science, history, and culture. Specifically focused on is the need for post-disaster bamboo housing that is factory-built, and therefore quickly deployable when needed, but also designed for durability and longevity, providing people with safe and dignified living conditions in times of severe need. It is concluded that the proposed system has merit, but will require further research and testing to prove its exact role in Ecuador and/or elsewhere. Ultimately, this work is important to solving greater global environmental issues such as increasing atmospheric CO2, increasing natural disaster frequency and intensity, and increasing human population and the accompanying housing demand.
2

Jämförande kostnadsanalys av retur- och engångsemaballage / Comparative cost analysis of reuse- and disposable packaging

Sundberg, Martin, Selin, Johan January 2013 (has links)
This report analyzes disposable packaging and returnable packaging with the methods life cycle analysis and life cycle costs analysis. These two different packaging are analyzed through the company Clas Ohlson’s packaging-flow. To get a picture of how the flow works, a visit at the company and email contact have been done with Clas Ohlson to get relevant information Today Clas Ohlson has a big flow of articles to the stores without larger variations in the demand, with the exception of autumn, which is when customers start shopping for Christmas. Clas Ohlson’s articles are placed on a pallet and are wrapped into plastic-film for protection and to make sure that nothing will be stolen. In this report Plastic-film is compared to the company Nycopac AB’s product Nyco Sleeve. In Sweden Posten takes care of Clas Ohlson’s transports and is the company’s third party-logistics provider. Nyco Sleeve is a type of pallet box, which is placed on a pallet with the possibility to place three units upon each other. The pallet box is possible to fold, which makes it doable to place pallet boxes upon each other in reverse transportation. Our Life cycle costs analysis shows that Nyco Sleeve is profitable compared to continue using plastic-film as secondary packaging. Nyco Sleeve demands a larger investment, almost seven times larger than the price for plastic-film but the expenses will be recovered relatively fast because of decreasing transportation costs. Posten’s pricing depends on each pallet place that is used which means that Nyco Sleeve’s higher weight does not affect the price. The total costs decreases because Nyco Sleeve increases the fill ratio on each pallet place, which results that less pallet places need to be used in the transport. If Nyco Sleeve is used the total pallet places decrease from about 116 000 to about 93 000 pallets considering 2012s flow. Due to decreasing costs each year, the pay-off-method shows that the investment reaches break even in about 0.7 years The life cycle analysis that examines the environmental impact of the packaging shows the same trend as the life cycle cost analysis, it is the transport that has the decisive influence on the environment. Important to note is that the transportations from Clas Ohlson’s warehouse to stores and the reverse transports stand for the largest carbon dioxide emissions and not the transportations from production or to waste disposal. The production phase’s emission is also important especially for Nyco Sleeve, which causes large amounts of emission compared to the plastic film. Decreasing transportations and that it is possible to reuse Nyco Sleeve even out the differences between the two packaging types when it comes to emission in production. The life cycle analysis’ scenario analysis shows that Nyco Sleeve environmental impact reaches break even after about two years compared to break even for the economic costs in 0.7 years. If only one loop is investigated the calculations show that Nyco Sleeve has larger environmental impact then plastic film but over time and when several loops are considered Nyco Sleeves carbon dioxide emission is economized. / Rapporten analyserar engångs- och returemballage genom de två analysmetoderna, livscykelkostnads- och livscykelanalys. Emballagen analyseras utifrån företaget Clas Ohlsons emballageflöde där studiebesök gjorts för att se hur flödet fungerar. Mailkontakt har också förekommit för annan viktig information kring företagets flöde av artiklar och emballage. Clas Ohlson har idag ett stort och jämnt flöde av produkter till deras butiker med säsongstoppar på hösten inför julhandeln. Deras produkter paketeras idag på lastpallar som sedan sveps in i plastfilm för att skydda och säkerställa att ingen stöld har skett. Det är detta engångsemballage, plastfilm, som jämförs emot returemballaget, Nyco Sleeve. Clas Ohlsons transporter sker idag med en tredjepartslogistiker där Posten är deras distributör inom Sveriges gränser, som är det system som undersöks. Nyco Sleeve är en form av pallbox som ställs på en lastpall och det går lasta tre stycken i höjd, ovan på varandra. Pallboxen går att fälla ihop vid returer och lastas även då ovan på varandra. Livscykelkostnadsanalysen visar att Nyco Sleeve är en ekonomisk lönsam investering i relation till att behålla plastfilmen som sekundärförpackning. Kostnaden att investera i Nyco Sleeve är ca sju gånger högre i jämförelse med inköpskostnaden för plastfilmen, men investeringen blir lönsam relativt snabbt eftersom Nyco Sleeve sänker transportkostnaderna. Posten tar idag betalt per pallplats och därmed gör inte tyngden på en Nyco Sleeve någon påverkan på den ekonomiska kostnaden. Kostnaden minskar genom användning av Nyco Sleeve eftersom fyllnadsgraden ökar och därmed minskar antalet levererade pallplatser. Skulle Nyco Sleeve användas minskas antalet från 116 100 stycken till ca 93 000 pallplatser utifrån Clas Ohlsons flöde under 2012. Genom den stora transportbesparingen per år visar pay-off-metoden att investeringen når break-even efter omkring 0,7 år. Livscykelanalysen som undersöker emballagens koldioxidutsläpp visar på samma tendens som livscykelkostnadsanalysen, att det är transporten som är den stora miljöboven. Viktigt att poängtera är att det är transporterna från Clas Ohlsons centrallager ut till butikerna och returtransporterna för samma sträcka som ger störst miljöpåverkan och inte transporterna från emballagens produktionsanläggningar till centrallagret eller till avfallshanteringen. Produktionen är även den en stor aktivitet som ger stor miljöpåverkan där Nyco Sleeve bidrar till betydligt större utsläpp än plastfilmen. Den stora skillnaden i miljöpåverkan från produktionen kompenseras genom de minskade transporterna och att Nyco Sleeve återanvänds. Livscykelanalysens scenarioanalys visar att Nyco Sleeves miljöpåverkan når break even efter ca två år. Undersöks bara en loop visar beräkningarna att Nyco Sleeve har större miljöpåverkan än om plastfilm används men detta inbesparas genom de minskade transporterna.

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