<p>Livscykelanalys av gasregulator och gaserna argon och koldioxid som används vid svetsning. Studien visar miljövinster vid svetsning vid användning av gasregulator.</p>

Livscykelanalys av gasregulator och gaserna argon och koldioxid som används vid svetsning. Studien visar miljövinster vid svetsning vid användning av gasregulator.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007.

The method of analyzing environmental impacts and resource use from a lifecycle perspective is growing in popularity as a method giving the opportunity to lessen negative impact on the environment and depletion of natural resources through comparative analysis. The report focuses on comparing tools available for lifecycle analysis of buildings and building materials as well as the method of LCA in general. A field study is made through analyzing a building with the aid of LCA and according to ISO 14040, and this brings further clarity as to how the method is used. The results show advantages and disadvantages of current LCA tools for buildings as well as pros and cons of the method of LCA itself. The results of the field study indicate the risk that LCA can be used and interpreted subjectively as well as the risk of setting too low data quality. Results also highlight the absence of some important features linked to environmental concern and sustainable resource management. However, if LCA is used in an objective and scientific manner it might be a key to using proper resource management in terms of lessening negative impacts on the environment and depletion of natural resources and some suggstions are made as to how to change the standards of the method.

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This report is a thesis for college engineering program in structural engineering at Uppsala University and was commissioned by the Swedish contractor Svevia. The study aims to provide an overview of the most beneficial bridge material from both environmental and economic point of view. The life-cycle analysis covers only carbon dioxide emissions, since it is the most spoken of in today’s climate agenda. Furthermore, this study aims to highlight which parts, of the system boundary, that contributes to greater carbon emissions for the wood- and the concrete bridge. The life-cycle cost analysis was calculated with a lifespan of 40 years and covers the basic cost of investment, operating and maintenance, and decommissioning costs. The analyzed constructions in this study are existing projects that are almost completed. Both bridges were designed to handle loads up to 60 tons. The wooden bridge is a precast cross tense flat bridge while the concrete bridge is an in situ frame bridge. Since the analyzed constructions in this study differ from each other, the results are presented both as individual bridges and as a comparison study between wood and concrete material in which the functional unit is set to kgCO2 and kgCO2/unit area. To give the reader a clearer picture of the differences in carbon dioxide emissions an additional calculation was done, with an adopted traffic area of 144m2 for both the wooden bridge and the concrete bridge. For the life cycle cost estimation, the bridges’ individual results and a comparative analysis were done. For the comparative analysis between the wooden and the concrete bridge a common traffic area of 144 m2 was adopted.

Målet med detta examensarbete är att i samarbete med Mackmyra Svensk Whisky undersöka miljöpåverkan från deras whisky. Utöver detta undersöks även vilka delprocesser av produktionsprocessen som orsakar mest miljöpåverkan, och hur påverkan på miljön kan minskas.   Generellt sett används stora mängder resurser inom livsmedelsindustrin, vilket kan ge stor påverkan på miljön. För att identifiera och mäta denna påverkan används i detta examensarbete metoden livscykelanalys. Ett viktigt steg i början av livscykelanalysen är att välja en eller flera funktionella enheter för vilka miljöpåverkan ska beräknas. Denna studie har två funktionella enheter. Den första är en flaska på 70 cl som motsvarar ett genomsnitt av den whisky som Mackmyra Svensk Whisky levererar till Systembolaget. Mackmyra säljer även hela 30-litersfat till privatpersoner, och den andra funktionella enheten är en flaska på 50 cl som innehåller ett genomsnitt av denna whisky. Systemet som undersöks sträcker sig från framställning av råvaror som exempelvis korn fram tills det att whiskyn levererats.   Information om bland annat utsläpp och energianvändning har sedan samlats in. I den mån det har funnits information att tillgå har data i första hand samlats in från företag som Mackmyra köper in råvaror och andra resurser ifrån. När detta ej varit möjligt har data från liknande verksamhet, databaser eller i sista hand rimliga uppskattningar använts.   Miljöpåverkanskategorierna som undersökts är global uppvärmning, försurning och övergödning, och resultatet varierar mellan dessa kategorier. Generellt sett står dock produktion av korn, framställning av glasflaskorna och transporter för den största delen av miljöpåverkan. Mackmyra använder sig av två sorters malt, varav en är egenproducerad och torkas med en dieseldriven värmefläkt. Jämfört med den inköpta malten (som använder sig av fjärrvärme från främst avfall och biobränsle) är miljöpåverkan betydligt högre. Eftersom Mackmyras malt används i mindre mängd per funktionell enhet står den dock totalt sett för en liten miljöpåverkan.   En undersökning har gjorts för att se vad effekten skulle bli om den dieseldrivna värmefläkten ersattes med värmefläktar drivna med elektricitet, vilket minskade miljöpåverkan från mältningsprocessen. Ingen jämförelse har dock gjorts på skillnaden i kostnad mellan värmefläktarna. / The goal of this thesis is to, in collaboration with Mackmyra Svensk Whisky, investigate the environmental impact of their whisky. In addition to this it is also investigated which sub-processes that cause the most environmental impact, and how the environmental impact can be reduced.   Generally, large amounts of resources are used in the food industry, which can cause great impact on the environment. In this thesis the methodology Life Cycle Assessment is used to identify and estimate the environmental impact. An important step in the beginning of the LCA is to select one or more functional units for which the environmental impact is calculated. This study has two functional units. The first is a 70 cl bottle containing an average of the whisky that Mackmyra Svensk Whisky delivers to Systembolaget. Mackmyra also sells whole 30-liter whisky barrels to individuals, and the second functional unit is a bottle of 50 cl containing an average of this whiskey. The system under study begins with the production of raw materials such as barley and stops when the whisky is delivered to Systembolaget.   Information about emissions and energy use was then collected. The data is primarily collected from companies that Mackmyra purchase raw materials and other resources from, if they had information available. When this was not possible, data from similar operations, databases or ultimately reasonable estimates were used.   The environmental impact categories examined are global warming, acidification and eutrophication, and the results varies between these categories. Generally speaking, however, the production of barley, the manufacture of glass bottles and transports dominate the environmental impact. Mackmyra uses two kinds of malt, of which one is self-produced and makes use of a diesel-powered heater for drying. Compared with the purchased malt (which uses district heating primarily from waste and biomass), the environmental impact is significantly higher. Since the Mackmyra malt is used in small amounts per functional unit it does, however, not cause huge environmental impact.   A study has been made to see what the effect would be if the diesel heater was replaced with heaters powered by electricity, which showed a reduction of the environmental impact. No comparison has been made of the difference in cost between the heat fans.