Prohibited comparative advertising The Diploma thesis, Prohibited comparative advertising, deals with prohibited comparative advertising according to Czech legislation and legislation of the European Union. The aim of the thesis is primarily to deal with what makes comparative advertising unlawful. The diploma thesis is divided into four chapters: terminology, development of the legislation in the Czech Republic, comparative advertising legislation in the Czech Republic and the EU legislation, and self regulation of advertising. The attitude of the society to advertising as such has been developing as well as the attitude of the society to the comparative advertising. The legal regulation of unfair competition in the Czech Republic has its origins in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. After the First World War, the newly created state of the Czechoslovak Republic, became a member state of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. Thus, it bound itself to ensure appropriate legal remedies for nationals of other countries in the Union to suppress unfair competition. Based on this commitment, the Act on Protection Against Unfair Competition, which is the inspiration for the currently valid legislation on unfair competition, was adopted. The legal regulation of comparative advertising...

The aim of this thesis named "Protection of Economic Competition - Agreements to Obstruct Competition" is to analyse a theme of agreements distoring economic competition at the point of view of a substantive law of the Czech Republic and European Union. These agreements oftenly called as cartels represents one of the most dangerous anti-competitive practicies that leeds to a monopolization of free markets and in consequence of that to a damage of other undertakings and even consumers. This area of law is typical for its generality when the essential influence is reserved for a judicature. For that reason there is layed a great emphasis on the decisions of the European Commission, courts and also national competition authorities in this thesis. The soft law regulation by means of various White books and Notices issued by the European Commission and national competition authorities is not neglected. In Chapter One there is an introduction to this thesis. Chapter Two concentrates on the theme of agreements to obstruct competition in general. It describes a nature of the agreements and their elemental features and outlines a history of this therm. Chapter Three illustrates a relationship between the agreements and other anti- competite practicies - abusing of a dominant position and mergers and pointed...

Competitive clause in labour law The purpose of the thesis is an analysis of competitive clause (non-competition clause) in the Czech labour law. The thesis also contains a comparison of attributes competitive clause with the legislation in other European countries. The author of the thesis recommends changes to be made in Czech legislation. The thesis is composed of three chapters, which are Definition of basic terms, History and evolution of competitive clause and Current legislation of non-competition clause in the Czech Labour Code. Each chapter is divided into subchapters according to the relevant issues. Chapter One consists of six parts. The first four parts deal with the explanation of basic terms used in the thesis. These are labour law, employment law relationship, employee and employer and the concept of competition. In the fifth section is briefly introduced competition legislation in commercial law. The last subchapter focuses on competitive activity in labour law with an emphasis on competitive activity of the employee for the duration of the basic employment law relationship. The second chapter examines the history and evolution of non-competition clause in the area of current Czech Republic. This chapter is divided into subchapters according to the periods, in which is described the...

This thesis is dedicated to analyzing the Czech legal regulation of competitive advertising since the year 1927, while the main focus point of the thesis lies within the analysis of European directives and Commercial code. The beginning of the thesis is dealing with the definition of several crucial terms needed for due orientation in the issue (particularly the terms "economic competition", "competitor", "general clause", "average consumer", "advertisement", "comparative advertising"). After that follows the analysis of the regulation of comparative advertising applicable in specific time periods. In the first analyzed period (1927-1950), comparative advertising was not explicitly regulated. Nonetheless it was being judged according to the general clause and special facts of the case included in the act. No 111/1927 Coll. of laws and decrees. The attitude of the legal practice towards comparative advertising was rather restrained at that time. During the next analyzed time period (1950-1991), economic competition and the regulation of unfair competition was substantially marginalized due to wide social changes. The time period 1992-2001 was, from the unfair competition regulation point of view, important, because it has seen an implementation of a relatively detailed legal regulation of the...

- 65 - Abstract Unlawful comparative advertisement The thesis, whose subject is unlawful comparative advertising, deals in detail with regulation of such advertising not only in the Czech law but also in the European Union law. The aim of the thesis is to analyse thoroughly the conditions of permissibility which decide whether a particular advertising is an unlawful and unfair one and introduce the readers to the means of legal protection against unlawful comparative advertising. Unlawful comparative advertising is one of nine listed facts of unfair competition, which are among the most frequent ones in economic competition. The unfair competition law and the law against restriction of economic competition are two fundamental branches of the economic competition law, whose main purpose is to affect conduct directed generally against competition. Nowadays, comparative advertising is regulated by the provision § 50a of the Commercial Code. In the new Civil Code, which will come into force on 1 January 2014, comparative advertising will be slightly modified and regulated by the provision § 2980. The regulation of unfair competition in the Czech Republic is greatly influenced by the Act against unfair competition of 1927, whose general clause made it possible to affect subjects acting contrary to the rules of...

Legal penalties for unfair competition This diploma thesis analyzes private law penalties for unfair competition, focusing on the means of protection provided by private law statutes. This thesis also deals with the questions of active and passive legitimacy in lawsuits concerning unfair competition and procedural specifics of these lawsuits. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first charter offers an introduction to unfair competition law by presenting its substantive law provisions: the general clause and the special case clauses. The aim of this chapter is to outline the issue of unfair competition and define actions against which it is possible to use means of protection described in the following chapters. The second chapter focuses on subjects of unfair competition disputes: subjects actively legitimated but also subjects passively legitimated. This chapter also aims to define each of these individual subjects, such as competitors and consumers. The third chapter presents the essential means of protection against unfair competition provided by the Commercial Code. These are namely the claim to refrain from unfair competition practices, the claim to remove unfair competition situation, also the claim to provide damages for material losses, the claim to hand over unjustified enrichment...

Le médicament propose de concilier sa finalité sanitaire et la maîtrise budgétaire en empruntant la voie concurrentielle par laquelle le paysage des antagonismes ne cesse de défiler. Convoquant le droit dans son dessein, le médicament lui présente des conditions semblant indépassables ; surtout lorsque dans l'équation s'invite un autre objet paradoxal : le marché. La rencontre d'une demande irrationnelle, insensibilisée à la dépense qui, de surcroit, ne détermine pas seule son besoin, avec une offre naturellement monopolistique oblige l'intrusion de l'État dans les mécanismes de marché. La détermination du marché pertinent, outil économique converti au droit, en devient un précieux outil politique. Offrant d'expliquer le marché en identifiant sa réalité concurrentielle, il oblige à l'analyse de ses structures, des déterminants comportementaux des agents s'y confrontant et, plus que de révéler des pouvoirs de marché qui manquent d'être équilibrés, renseigne sur l'état du marché : son équilibre concurrentiel, sa finalité naturelle ; son équilibre social, sa finalité culturelle. Délimitant le champ d'application du droit de la concurrence, le marché pertinent conditionne la stratégie concurrentielle des opérateurs et cristallise les tensions entre le droit et l'économie. Cette thèse démontre que malgré les typicités du médicament, la méthodologie traditionnelle de définition du marché pertinent demeure opérationnelle dans le secteur pharmaceutique. / The definition of the relevant market aims at identifying the competitive constraints that an undertaking faces and, thus, defines the scope of competition law enforcement. Given the antagonisms that characterise the pharmaceutical sector, defining the relevant market in this industry seems to disqualify the classic methodology and points out the tensions between law and economy. The interaction of an irrational demand - one which is insensitive to the expenditures and that doesn't define its needs on its own - with an offer naturally monopolistic, makes the involvement of the State in the market mechanisms strictly necessary to ensure its equilibrium. This thesis demonstrates how the conventional tools used to define relevant product markets remain operational inspite of the idiosyncrasies of the pharmaceutical sector.

Title: Participant satisfaction of Pankrác winter league in beach volleyball survey Objectives: The aim of this work is to use the survey to find out participant satisfaction with current sason of Winter league. Furthermore, based on the results of questionnaire analyze main results of decrease in the number of players compared to the last seasons and to purpose a improvements to increase those numbers, quality of competition and the participant satisfaction. Methods: Quantitative research using electronic questioning Results: Participants are most satisfied with the cleanliness and the Pankrác grounds. Also a quality of their opponents and the number of played matches are considered to be good. They find the biggest problem in starting fee that i stoo expensive. Based on the results it was recommended to lower the price, change the game systém little bit and modify prizes for winners. Keywords: Beach volleyball, Pankrac, Winter league, satisfaction

Title: Price building - the issue of pricing on the example of the entry fee to Gigathlon Czech Republic 2016 Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to determine the price rally in the endurance race Gigathlon Czech Republic 2016. Another goal is to analyze the race Gigathlon Czech Republic in 2016 and the formation of the costs (expenses) in this race. The aim of this thesis is the analysis of competitive races. Methods: The work methods were used to calculate the price of the entry fee - cost method, competitive pricing and the method according to the return on investment. Further analysis method was used, which was used in the analysis of plant Gigathlon and competitive races. The last method was an interview which was obtained information about the race Gigathlon Czech Republic in 2016 by the main organizer of this event. Results: Entry fee rates for the category Team of five and Couple were achieved using the method of competitive pricing. The single category for this method was determined while the highest price. In the final pricing has been used only a combination of methods, but also to take into account the expected number of competitors and the Swiss pricing model. The results were then compared with the actual price of the entry fee. Between the amounts are only slight...

The present thesis is an empirical analysis of lobbying in the United States. First, it analyses an added value of lobbyists' specialisation and connections to congressmen using a method of matching. Second, it extends the analysis by studying the impact of competition for access to congressmen on the added value of lobbyists. Third, it analyses lobbying from the point of view of congressmen by studying the impact of their specialisation on committee assignments on the amount of campaign financing they obtain from lobbyists. The analysis is done using data about lobbying reports as well as committee assignments of congressmen and campaign contributions they obtain from lobbyists in the 106th to 110th congress, corresponding to years 1999-2008. The present thesis also provides a brief summary of related literature analysing different aspects of lobbying.