The following analysis of Franz Schubert's (1797-1828) song cycle Schwanengesang (1828) was undertaken in the hope that such a treatment of the final contributions of this important master of song literature would prove of interest to students of this field.The materials examined comprise the fourteen songs collectively known as Schwanengesang (Dying Strains), taken from the G. Schirmer's Edition of Schubert's Songs with English translations by Theodore Baker. From a synopsis of the art song concluded with critical remarks on Schubert's style and contributions to the art of writing songs, the author has proceeded to a few general statements on the song cycle itself. This is followed by an analysis of each song from the point of view of the text, the general harmonic scheme, the vocal line, and the function and type of accompaniment.

Favorable judgment of a work of art, or of a man, usually means that the work of art, or a record of the man, will be preserved for future generations to judge for themselves. An unfavorable judgment may result in a richly deserved obscurity or an irreplaceable loss, unless favorable circumstances combine to preserve the evidence for a more perspicacious generation. One can be forgiven if he distrusts history's judgment; mistakes which have been corrected are legion (the case of J. S. Bach comes most vividly to mind) and skepticism is warranted unless or until the facts are available for confirmation. It is difficult to explain the paucity of information about Jacques-Christophe Naudot, Not that he is another J. S. Bach; neither Fleury, who made the first serious effort to revive interest in his music in the early 1920's, nor Ruf, who has done much in this regard recently, nor this writer makes any such claim. He does not, however, deserve the obscurity that has been his lot. If his music is not always profound, it nevertheless has both intrinsic and historical value, and some of his works reveal considerable contrapuntal skill. It may be that Naudot stood in the shadow of Blavet, whose prowess as a flutist bolstered his reputation as a composer, or that his music was never quite the right style for the time; in any case, although his name was not unknown, he never gained the fame that earned a contemporary biographer. As a result, no autographs and very little biographical data have been found, although one or more printed copies of all his known works, except two, are to be found in various libraries, principally the Bibliotheque National in Paris.

The focus of the present research is to examine the socio-pedagogical aspects of Adolphus Hailstork's Five Short Choral Works. The socio-pedagogical benefits of these and similar compositions stem from their potential to encourage more critical cultural engagement of the choral contributions of Black composers in both the classroom and rehearsal hall. While the music on its own merit is worthy of deeper study and analysis, the added benefit to students, teachers and conductors is that the inclusion of diverse groups in music education has proven sociological benefits. Therefore, these five works have potential benefits in terms of representation, cultural engagement, and holistic consideration of American music. Furthermore, if students are given more diverse expressions of diversity, then there is greater likelihood that they will grow socially to appreciate and understand heterogeneous expressions of culture and be more engaged in culture criticism.

Este trabalho foi dividido em duas partes, por se tratar de uma pesquisa em que assuntos se complementam sem abrir mão de sua importância individual. Estes assuntos são a figura da pianista Beatriz Balzi e a música erudita latino-americana para piano. Seus caminhos se cruzam em 1984, ano em que Beatriz Balzi iniciou uma série de gravações deste repertório, registrando peças compostas entre 1898 e 1997 em uma coleção de CDs intitulada Compositores Latino-americanos. Uma vasta gama de técnicas, estilos e procedimentos composicionais foram exemplificados por Beatriz Balzi nas 54 peças de sua série de CDs. Oriundas de 13 países, tais composições testemunham a formação do patrimônio cultural deste continente, no período em que o mesmo lutava para ser reconhecido por suas características próprias. Esta conclusão emerge da análise realizada sobre as partituras utilizadas pela pianista em suas gravações, unida ao estudo dos encartes que acompanham os CDs, à audição dos mesmos e às entrevistas com compositores gravados. Um panorama histórico resumido da música erudita do século XX foi formulado para contextualizar este repertório. Por sua vez, a biografia de Beatriz Balzi e a dissertação sobre sua trajetória na confecção da série Compositores Latino-americanos, material inédito e peculiar na década em que foi criado, levantam a seguinte questão: por que teria a pianista se empenhado em tal tarefa, em vez de abraçar um repertório mais acessível a si mesma e ao público? A resposta que ecoa é a militância pela valorização da música destes autores e deles próprios, além da luta pela aproximação dos povos deste continente através do conhecimento mútuo. Embora este tipo de pesquisa tenha atraído a atenção de músicos e estudiosos do século XXI, a música erudita latino-americana foi sempre relegada ao segundo plano no universo da música de concerto ocidental. A série de Beatriz Balzi e o presente trabalho contribuem para preencher esta lacuna. / This paper was divided into two parts, as it deals with research where topics complement each other, without giving up their individual importance. These topics are the figure of the pianist Beatriz Balzi and the Latin American piano art music. Their paths crossed in 1984, the year when Beatriz Balzi started a series of recordings of this repertoire, registering pieces composed from 1898 to 1997 in a CD collection under the title of Latin American Composers. A wide range of techniques, styles and compositional procedures were exemplified by Beatriz Balzi in the 54 pieces of her CD series. Originated from 13 countries, such compositions testify the formation of this continent\'s cultural heritage, in the period when it struggled to be recognized for its own characteristics. This conclusion emerges from the analysis carried out on the scores used by the above-mentioned pianist in her recordings, together with the study of the inserts attached to the CDs, the listening to them, and the interviews with recorded composers. A summarized historical panorama of the XX Century\'s classical music was formulated in order to contextualize this repertoire. On its turn, Beatriz Balzi\'s biography and the dissertation on her trajectory in the completion of the Latin American Composers series, unpublished material which was distinctive in the decade in which it was created, give rise to the following question: why would the pianist devote herself to such a task, instead of embracing a repertoire which would be more accessible to herself and to the audience? The answer that echoes is the militancy for the valuing of these authors\' music as well as their own valuing, in addition to bringing together the peoples of this continent by means of mutual knowledge. Although this type of research has attracted the attention of the XXI Century musicians and scholars, the Latin American art music has always been relegated to a less important place in the universe of the Western concert music. Beatriz Balzi\'s series and the present paper contribute to fill this gap.

This dissertation deals with the contribution of contemporary composer educators to the development of childrenʼs musicality. In the first chapter it touches on the theme of important pedagogical representatives in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia in the 17th to 19th centuries, and briefly stops at our nation's teacher, Jan Ámos Komenský. The following chapters contain a questionnaire and the treatise on the life and educational activity of contemporary Czech composers and educators Eduard Douša, Emil Hradecký, Milan Dvořák, Jiří Pazour and Tomáš Sýkora. The main source of my information was a personal interview with each one. The goal of my work was to outline the key influences of music teachers on the child's spiritual and emotional development from the 17th century to the present and to answer the question "What personality features can be a positive influence on music students of any age?". Key words Czech composers, education, childrenʼs musicality, development, influence

Cette thèse étudie la vie professionnelle et la production artistique d'un groupe de compositeurs d'origine argentine basés à Paris. C'est la ville avec la plupart d'entre eux à l'étranger. En outre, ils sont la première minorité de compositeurs étrangers vivant dans la capitale française.Ces compositeurs ont produit un corpus musical important, que nous estimons dans environ 1200 œuvres des genres les plus divers qui intègrent le domaine de la musique contemporaine. Depuis le XXIe siècle, une partie pertinente de ce corpus avait une circulation en Argentine et a promu un débat sur la délimitation du domaine de la musique locale contemporaine.Notre thèse visait à étudier les motivations qui ont amené 23 compositeurs à émigrer à Paris, les conditions d'insertion dans ce domaine et les tensions identitaires qui ont généré ce transit. Ensuite, nous analysons la production musicale la plus récente et la plus importante, ses conditions de réalisation et d'accueil en France et en Argentine. / The present thesis studies the professional life and the artistic production of a group of composers of Argentine origin, who are located in Paris, the city with the greatest number of them abroad. In addition, they are the first minority of foreign composers living in the French capital.These composers have produced an important musical work, which we estimate in about 1200 pieces of the most diverse genres that integrate the field of contemporary music. A relevant part of this corpus has been part regular concerts in Argentina, thus it promoted a debate on the delimitation of the field of contemporary local music.Our thesis aimed to study the motivations that led to 23 composers to emigrate to Paris, the conditions of insertion in that field and the identity tensions that generated this transit. Then we analyze the most recent and most significant musical production of them, its conditions of realization and reception in both France and Argentina. / La presente tesis estudia la vida profesional y la producción artística de un grupo de compositores de origen argentino que se encuentran radicados en París, la ciudad con mayor cantidad de ellos en el exterior. Además, son la primera minoría de compositores extranjeros viviendo en la capital de Francia. Estos compositores han producido una importante obra musical, que estimamos en alrededor de 1200 obras, de los géneros más diversos que integran el campo de la música contemporánea. En lo que va del presente siglo XXI una parte relevante de este corpus tuvo circulación en la Argentina y promovió un debate sobre la delimitación del campo de la música contemporánea local.Nuestra tesis se propuso estudiar las motivaciones que llevaron a 23 compositores a emigrar a París, las condiciones de inserción en dicho campo y las tensiones identitarias que generó este transitar. Luego analizamos la producción musical más reciente y la más significativa, sus condiciones de realización y recepción tanto en Francia como en la Argentina.

Este trabalho foi dividido em duas partes, por se tratar de uma pesquisa em que assuntos se complementam sem abrir mão de sua importância individual. Estes assuntos são a figura da pianista Beatriz Balzi e a música erudita latino-americana para piano. Seus caminhos se cruzam em 1984, ano em que Beatriz Balzi iniciou uma série de gravações deste repertório, registrando peças compostas entre 1898 e 1997 em uma coleção de CDs intitulada Compositores Latino-americanos. Uma vasta gama de técnicas, estilos e procedimentos composicionais foram exemplificados por Beatriz Balzi nas 54 peças de sua série de CDs. Oriundas de 13 países, tais composições testemunham a formação do patrimônio cultural deste continente, no período em que o mesmo lutava para ser reconhecido por suas características próprias. Esta conclusão emerge da análise realizada sobre as partituras utilizadas pela pianista em suas gravações, unida ao estudo dos encartes que acompanham os CDs, à audição dos mesmos e às entrevistas com compositores gravados. Um panorama histórico resumido da música erudita do século XX foi formulado para contextualizar este repertório. Por sua vez, a biografia de Beatriz Balzi e a dissertação sobre sua trajetória na confecção da série Compositores Latino-americanos, material inédito e peculiar na década em que foi criado, levantam a seguinte questão: por que teria a pianista se empenhado em tal tarefa, em vez de abraçar um repertório mais acessível a si mesma e ao público? A resposta que ecoa é a militância pela valorização da música destes autores e deles próprios, além da luta pela aproximação dos povos deste continente através do conhecimento mútuo. Embora este tipo de pesquisa tenha atraído a atenção de músicos e estudiosos do século XXI, a música erudita latino-americana foi sempre relegada ao segundo plano no universo da música de concerto ocidental. A série de Beatriz Balzi e o presente trabalho contribuem para preencher esta lacuna. / This paper was divided into two parts, as it deals with research where topics complement each other, without giving up their individual importance. These topics are the figure of the pianist Beatriz Balzi and the Latin American piano art music. Their paths crossed in 1984, the year when Beatriz Balzi started a series of recordings of this repertoire, registering pieces composed from 1898 to 1997 in a CD collection under the title of Latin American Composers. A wide range of techniques, styles and compositional procedures were exemplified by Beatriz Balzi in the 54 pieces of her CD series. Originated from 13 countries, such compositions testify the formation of this continent\'s cultural heritage, in the period when it struggled to be recognized for its own characteristics. This conclusion emerges from the analysis carried out on the scores used by the above-mentioned pianist in her recordings, together with the study of the inserts attached to the CDs, the listening to them, and the interviews with recorded composers. A summarized historical panorama of the XX Century\'s classical music was formulated in order to contextualize this repertoire. On its turn, Beatriz Balzi\'s biography and the dissertation on her trajectory in the completion of the Latin American Composers series, unpublished material which was distinctive in the decade in which it was created, give rise to the following question: why would the pianist devote herself to such a task, instead of embracing a repertoire which would be more accessible to herself and to the audience? The answer that echoes is the militancy for the valuing of these authors\' music as well as their own valuing, in addition to bringing together the peoples of this continent by means of mutual knowledge. Although this type of research has attracted the attention of the XXI Century musicians and scholars, the Latin American art music has always been relegated to a less important place in the universe of the Western concert music. Beatriz Balzi\'s series and the present paper contribute to fill this gap.

The purpose of this essay is to introduce readers to the music of living American composer Gabriela Lena Frank (b. 1972) through her chamber vocal works and to provide a resource to aid in the interpretation and performance of her music. Frank is an internationally recognized composer with a thriving career. However, she is not widely known among singers and teachers of singing and scholarship on her music is quite limited. This study seeks to fill that void by examining Frank’s published works as of January 2016 for solo voice and up to six instruments. These works are Cuatro Canciones Andinas (1999), for mezzo-soprano and piano; New Andean Songs (2008), for soprano, mezzo-soprano, two percussionists, and two pianos; Seven Armenian Songs (2013), for soprano, percussionist, and solo violin; and Honey (2013), for soprano, mezzo-soprano, and piano. Frank’s chamber vocal pieces are excellent additions to the repertoire and notable for Frank’s chamber music aesthetic, choice of diverse texts and languages (English, Spanish, and Armenian), dramatic storytelling, range of musical colors, and idiomatic writing for the performers. Frank’s ongoing exploration of her Peruvian heritage is reflected in two of these works, which draw inspiration from Andean folk music and poetry. This essay provides a brief biography of Frank; original poetic and musical analyses of the four works, exploring the areas of poetry, form, melody and motive, text painting, rhythm, harmony, folk influences, vocal writing, instrumental writing, timbre, range, and tessitura; and a summary of stylistic traits as seen across this sample. Poetic and word for word translations of foreign language texts, pronunciation guidelines for Latin American Spanish and International Phonetic Alphabet transliterations for the Armenian poems are included.

This study broadens awareness of two accomplished American composers’ contributions to various media in general, and wind band in particular by examining specific wind band works that illustrate their compositional style for the medium. The opening chapters include biographical information of each composer, including musical training, professional background, appointments held, awards, compositional style, and education. Carolyn Bremer has written thirteen works for wind band. An orchestral bassist by training, Bremer focused her musical talents on composition at the age of twenty-four. Among Bremer’s works for wind band, Early Light maintains a consistent performance record. An accomplished pianist, organist, and composer, Nancy Galbraith’s compositional career spans three decades. Although she has contributed significantly to chamber and small ensembles, her catalog contains approximately 120 works for various media. Febris ver is one of Galbraith’s recent contributions to the wind band. Commissioned for the 2012 College Band Directors National Association, the work received its premier performance in February of that year. This project fills a major gap in the literature regarding the work of Bremer and Galbraith; to date, it is the first study of its kind and brings to light information not previously published.

This essay introduces readers to the music of the Venezuelan composer Modesta Bor (1926-1998) and provides a resource for interpretation of her art songs for voice and piano. Bor was an important composer in Venezuela with a successful career in composition, pedagogy, and conducting. However, she is not widely known outside of Venezuela and scholarship on her art song is limited. This study seeks to fill that void by examining Bor’s twenty-nine published art songs for solo voice and piano. These works include the song cycles/collections Tres canciones infantiles para voz y piano, Canciones infantiles, Primer ciclo de romanzas para contralto y piano, Segundo ciclo de romanzas para contralto y piano, Tríptico sobre poesía cubana, and Tres canciones para mezzo-soprano y piano, as well as nine ungrouped songs. Bor’s art songs are notable for her imitation of Venezuelan folk and popular music in the vein of Figurative Nationalism, her sophisticated harmonic language, and neoclassical techniques such as ostinato and motivic variation. This essay aims to help performers begin to understand the allusions to the national music of Venezuela. Her music elevates the llanero, the common rural laborer, and comments on the social issues of her people. This essay provides a brief history of Venezuelan music, a biography of Bor, and brief biographies of the poets used. It also contributes original poetic and musical analyses of her art songs, exploring the areas of form, melody, rhythm, and harmony. Venezuelan Spanish and the lyric diction appropriate for Bor’s songs are discussed. Poetic translations, word-for-word translations, and International Phonetic Alphabet transliterations are included for all of the poetry used.