<p> The thesis summarizes the experimental and analytical results of studies on the behavior of two FRP-encased steel-concrete composite columns under axial loading. Composite columns have been conventionally constructed using steel and concrete. This study utilizes FRP in combination with steel and concrete to manufacture composite columns with enhanced behavior. The first type of column is a concrete-encased steel column wrapped with epoxy-saturated glass and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP and CFRP) sheets in the transverse direction. The second type of composite column utilizes a GFRP tube that surrounds a steel I section column, which is subsequently filled with concrete. </p> <p> To the best of the author's knowledge, columns comprising FRP, steel and concrete in the shape of the proposed composite systems has not been reported on in the literature. This study includes two major phases. In the first phase, behavior of stub columns is investigated where stability effects are ignored and failure is governed by the loss of cross-sectional strength. In the second phase, influence of stability on the behavior of the proposed composite columns is studied by testing specimens with various slenderness ratios. </p> <p> To investigate the cross-sectional strength, a total of nine short (500 mm in height) composite column specimens were constructed and tested under axial compression. Five specimens were wrapped with FRP sheets and the remaining four were constructed using a GFRP tube. Experimental results showed significant enhancement in the behavior of the composite columns which was achieved due to confinement and composite action between the constituent materials. The compressive strength of the confined concrete core in the composite specimens constructed using FRP sheets and GFRP tube increased by a factor of 2.4 and 1.8, respectively. An analytical model was developed to predict crosssectional behavior of the proposed composited column. </p> <p> With the primary objective of investigating the influence of slenderness on the behavior of the composite columns, ten additional column specimens, ranging between 1,000 mm and 3,000 mm in height, were tested. Five specimens were constructed using FRP sheets and five constructed using the GFRP tube technique. It was found that the compressive strength of the confined concrete core in the longest tubular composite specimen was reduced to approximately 60% of that of the corresponding short specimen. No confinement was achieved in the longest FRP wrapped composite column specimen. </p> <p> Three bare steel columns, ranging between 500 mm and 3,000 mm in height, were also tested to facilitate comparison with the composite columns in terms of increased axial capacity, as well as stiffness and energy dissipation characteristics of the columns. The compressive strength, elastic axial stiffness and ultimate axial strain of the bare steel columns increased by a factor of up to 10, 6 and 3, respectively, in the composite columns constructed utilizing the concrete-filled GFRP tube. These factors were reduced to 5 .2, 2.5 and 2.6, respectively, in the concrete-encased steel columns wrapped with FRP jackets. </p> <p> Finally, an analytical model was developed to establish the capacity curves for the proposed composite columns accounting for slenderness effects. A simple design equation to predict the compressive strength of the tubular composite columns was proposed based on the capacity curve generated from the analytical model. Compressive capacity of the composite columns predicted using the proposed design equation showed favorable agreement with the experimental results. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No description available.

A series of tests was performed to consider the behaviour of short composite columns under axial compressive loading, covering a range of S275 and S355 grade steel square hollow section filled with normal and high strength concrete. The interaction between the steel and the concrete component is considered and the results show that concrete shrinkage has an effect on the axial strength of the column. Comparisons between Eurocode 4, ACI-318 and the Australian Standards with the findings of this research were made. Result showed the equation used by the ACI-318 and the proposed Australian Standards gave better predication for the axial capacity of concrete filled SHS columns than the Eurocode 4.

Orientadores: Leandro Palermo Junior, Valdri Pignatta e Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civili, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T17:40:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_AlessandrodeSouza_M.pdf: 5982327 bytes, checksum: 10dcfc2f1091d409e516a091199b129a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Inicialmente, os pilares mistos de aço e concreto eram utilizados na construção de edifícios apenas como forma de aumentar a resistência à corrosão e ao incêndio. Posteriormente, a evolução da construção, fazendo uso de edifícios cada vez mais altos, levou a comunidade técnica a desenvolver metodologias de cálculo em que o aço e o concreto trabalhassem conjuntamente, o aço contribuindo com elevada resistência e leveza e o concreto com sua grande rigidez e inércia. A crescente demanda pelo uso de pilares mistos de aço e concreto tem motivado o aprofundamento de estudos para representar seu comportamento com objetivo de serem obtidos pilares mais seguros e mais econômicos. Atualmente, com o avanço dos métodos computacionais e da construção de edifícios cada vez mais altos, a deformação lenta, o confinamento, a retração e a aderência podem ser limitantes no cálculo dos pilares mistos. Nesse sentido, motivados pelas diferentes limitações de esbeltez global e local impostas pelas normas, o trabalho procura discutir as diferentes formulações presentes na ABNT NBR14323 (1999), EUROCODE 4 (2004) e AISC/LRFD (2005). As hipóteses que levaram às respectivas formulações são apresentadas e avaliadas frente às condições de trabalho no Brasil. Alguns exemplos numéricos são apresentados e discutidos no final / Abstract: ln the past, steel-concrete composites were used in building construction just as a way of increasing the strength against corrosion and fire. Later, because of the evolution of construction through higher and higher buildings the technical community was led to develop calculation techniques that considered steel and concrete working together - the steel contributing with high resistance and lightness and the concrete with its stiffness and inertia. The growing demand in use of steel-concrete composite columns has motivated deeper studies to represent its behavior with the aim of obtaining more secure and more economic columns. Nowadays, with the advance of computation methods and construction of higher and higher buildings, we have other factors, such as creep, confining, retraction and the adherence, which can establish a limit in the calculation of composite columns. In this way, motivated by different borderlines of global and local slender made compulsory by rules, the paper tries to discuss different formulations present on NBR14323 (1999), EUROCODE 4 (2004), AISC/LRFD (2005). The hypotheses that took the respective formulations are presented and evaluated according to the conditions of work in Brazil. Some numerical examples are presented and discussed at the end / Mestrado / Estruturas / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Os pilares mistos de aço e concreto consistem em um ou mais perfis de aço ligados entre si, trabalhando em conjunto com o concreto, simples ou armado, solicitados à compressão ou à flexocompressão. Os pilares mistos são, basicamente, de dois tipos: revestidos ou preenchidos. O sistema misto apresenta grandes vantagens estruturais, uma vez que herda a capacidade resistente dos pilares de aço e, dos pilares de concreto, sua robustez. Este trabalho estuda o emprego dessa solução de acordo com as principais normas internacionais de dimensionamento à temperatura ambiente, comparando-as entre si e às normas brasileiras. A ABNT NBR 8800:2008, apresenta dois modelos de cálculo simplificados para o dimensionamento de pilares mistos com seções transversais simétricas, com base em duas normas internacionais. O primeiro, o Modelo I, com base no ANSI/AISC 360 (2005) e o segundo, o Modelo II, no Eurocode 4 Part 1-1 (2004). Fica a critério do engenheiro estruturista a escolha do método a ser utilizado. Apresenta-se uma comparação gráfica e tabular da capacidade resistente à temperatura ambiente entre os dois modelos de cálculo da norma brasileira e as normas internacionais. No caso de seções transversais não simétricas, são propostos dois roteiros de dimensionamento inéditos em aplicações de pilares mistos: um com base no Fiber Elemento Method e nas recomendações do Eurocode 4 Part 1-1 (2004), e outro adaptando o primeiro às normas brasileiras. Ambos são avaliados graficamente e por meio de tabelas. Para o auxílio de todos esses estudos, foi utilizado o código CalcPM v1.0, desenvolvido especialmente para esse estudo. / The composite columns have the concrete and the steel profile working together to support loads. The composite columns are basically of two types: encased and filled. The composite system has the advantage to unite the inherent robustness of the concrete columns and high resistance of the steel columns. This work studies the use of this solution according to the main international standards, comparing them with each other and with the Brazilian norms. The Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 8800:2008, presents two simplified models of the composite columns design with symmetrical cross sections, based on two international standards. Model I, based on American standard ANSI/AISC 360 (2005) and Model II, with reference to the European standard Eurocode 4 Part 1-1 (2004). Is up to the engineer to choose the method to be used. It presents a tabular and graphical comparison of the strength between the two calculation models of the Brazilian and international standards. In the case of non-symmetrical cross sections there are two proposed routes unprecedented scale applications of composite columns: one based on \"Fiber Element Method\" and the recommendations of Eurocode 4 Part 1-1 (2004) and another one to adapt the first one to the Brazilian standards. Both are evaluated graphically and by the use of tables. To support all these studies the software CalcPM v1.0 was used and specially developed for this study.

Os pilares mistos de aço e concreto consistem em um ou mais perfis de aço ligados entre si, trabalhando em conjunto com o concreto, simples ou armado, solicitados à compressão ou à flexocompressão. Os pilares mistos são, basicamente, de dois tipos: revestidos ou preenchidos. O sistema misto apresenta grandes vantagens estruturais, uma vez que herda a capacidade resistente dos pilares de aço e, dos pilares de concreto, sua robustez. Este trabalho estuda o emprego dessa solução de acordo com as principais normas internacionais de dimensionamento à temperatura ambiente, comparando-as entre si e às normas brasileiras. A ABNT NBR 8800:2008, apresenta dois modelos de cálculo simplificados para o dimensionamento de pilares mistos com seções transversais simétricas, com base em duas normas internacionais. O primeiro, o Modelo I, com base no ANSI/AISC 360 (2005) e o segundo, o Modelo II, no Eurocode 4 Part 1-1 (2004). Fica a critério do engenheiro estruturista a escolha do método a ser utilizado. Apresenta-se uma comparação gráfica e tabular da capacidade resistente à temperatura ambiente entre os dois modelos de cálculo da norma brasileira e as normas internacionais. No caso de seções transversais não simétricas, são propostos dois roteiros de dimensionamento inéditos em aplicações de pilares mistos: um com base no Fiber Elemento Method e nas recomendações do Eurocode 4 Part 1-1 (2004), e outro adaptando o primeiro às normas brasileiras. Ambos são avaliados graficamente e por meio de tabelas. Para o auxílio de todos esses estudos, foi utilizado o código CalcPM v1.0, desenvolvido especialmente para esse estudo. / The composite columns have the concrete and the steel profile working together to support loads. The composite columns are basically of two types: encased and filled. The composite system has the advantage to unite the inherent robustness of the concrete columns and high resistance of the steel columns. This work studies the use of this solution according to the main international standards, comparing them with each other and with the Brazilian norms. The Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 8800:2008, presents two simplified models of the composite columns design with symmetrical cross sections, based on two international standards. Model I, based on American standard ANSI/AISC 360 (2005) and Model II, with reference to the European standard Eurocode 4 Part 1-1 (2004). Is up to the engineer to choose the method to be used. It presents a tabular and graphical comparison of the strength between the two calculation models of the Brazilian and international standards. In the case of non-symmetrical cross sections there are two proposed routes unprecedented scale applications of composite columns: one based on \"Fiber Element Method\" and the recommendations of Eurocode 4 Part 1-1 (2004) and another one to adapt the first one to the Brazilian standards. Both are evaluated graphically and by the use of tables. To support all these studies the software CalcPM v1.0 was used and specially developed for this study.

This paper presents the details of an experimental investigation on the behaviour of axially loaded concrete-filled stainless steel elliptical hollow sections. The experimental investigation was conducted using normal and high strength concrete of 30 and 100 MPa. The current study is based on stub column tests and is therefore limited to cross-section capacity. Based on the equations proposed by the authors on concrete-filled stainless steel circular columns, a new set of equations for the stainless steel concrete-filled elliptical hollow sections were proposed. From the limited data currently available, the equation provides an accurate and consistent prediction of the axial capacity of the composite concrete-filled stainless steel elliptical hollow sections.

Yes / This paper investigates the strength and ductility of concrete confined by Glass/Epoxy ±55° Filament Wound Pipes (GFRP) under axial compression. A total of 24 cylinderical specimens were prepared with expansive and Portland cements, properly compacted and un-compacted for different composite fresh concrete matrix. Test results showed that compressive strength and axial deformation at failure of concrete confined with GFRP tubes increased by an average of 2.85 and 5.57 times these of unconfined concrete, respectively. Macro and micro analyses of GFRP pipes after failure were also investigated. Debonding, whitening, matrix/transfer cracking, delamination and splitting mechanisms were detected at failure, respectively. The experimental results were also employed to assess the reliability of design models available in the literature for confined concrete compressive strength.

Orientadores: Ana Elisabete Paganelli Guimarães de Avila Jacintho, João Alberto Venegas Requena / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T12:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_CiroJoseRibeiroVillela_M.pdf: 5514224 bytes, checksum: 05d9e974ef6257a65359cf188b1be3f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A utilização de pilares mistos de aço e concreto é de grande importância na área estrutural, pois permite o trabalho destes elementos, proporcionando maior capacidade resistente e maior tempo de exposição ao fogo, em relação aos mesmos materiais analisados separadamente. Este trabalho proporcionará informações técnicas para o entendimento do comportamento dos pilares mistos curtos, compostos por tubos de aço preenchidos com concreto, submetidos ao efeito de altas temperaturas, da qual é avaliada a perda da capacidade resistente, levando em consideração o efeito do fogo, e a não consideração desse efeito. Apresenta-se um estudo experimental que consistiu na exposição dos pilares mistos à altas temperaturas, com e sem aplicação de carregamento durante a fase de aquecimento, no intuito de analisar a capacidade resistente residual após exposição à curvas de elevação de temperatura semelhantes a curva de incêndio padrão da norma ISO 834:1994. Também foi analisado o comportamento da temperatura na superfície externa do tubo de aço, na interface entre o aço e o concreto e a temperatura no núcleo do concreto. Desta maneira pôde-se verificar que não houve perda da capacidade resistente dos pilares mistos após serem expostos aos tempos requeridos de resistência ao fogo de 30 minutos e 60 minutos / Abstract: The use of circular hollow steel filled with concrete as columns are of great importance in the structural area, because it allows steel tube and concrete working together, providing a greater capacity resistant and a longer fire exposure, in relation to the same materials analyzed separately. This work will provide technical information for understanding the behaviour of short composite columns submitted to the high temperature effect, which it is analized the loss of the resistant capacity columns, composed of steel tubes filled with conventional concrete, taking into account the effect of fire, and no considering this effect. It presents an experimental study that the composite columns was exposure to high temperatures, with and without load application during the heating, in order to examine the residual capacity resistant after exposure to elevated temperature curves similar the fire standard curve of ISO 834:1994. It was also examined the behaviour of temperature on the outer surface of the steel tube, the interface between the steel and concrete and the temperature in the concrete core composite columns. This way could be found that there was no loss of the resistant capacity of the composite columns after being exposed to the time required 30 minutes and 60 minutes for resistance to fire / Mestrado / Estruturas / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The main objective of this thesis is the verification of the buckling strength of the composite compression members which were made from high-strength materials. This thesis is divided into four main chapters which are interconnected. The first chapter summarizes the current state of the problem of the compression members. The basis of this part is the elementary theories and researches, the task of this text is attempted to understand and obtain normative procedures which are important for practical use. The second part deals with the theoretical analysis of composite column, mainly with the examination of the individual effects on the buckling strength. The result of the first and the second parts is analytical algebraic equations which determine the buckling strength of the member. The third part contains the numerical analysis, which leads to create a numerical model of the compression column. The numerical model is used for the verification of the theoretical analysis and for the investigation of the behaviour of the column loaded by axial force. The last part deals with the experimental verification of the previous analyses. There are tested various types of the composite columns, which were made of steel with a yield strength up to 455 MPa and of the concrete with a cube compression strength up to 102 MPa. Experimental results confirmed the high reliability of centrally loaded column and every tested columns failed by flexural buckling. The final step is evaluation and comparison of the results obtained from previous four parts. It was founded that design criteria for centrally loaded steel-concrete column are too conservative and design relationships doesn´t use the positive properties of high-strength materials for economic design.