This thesis is a critical evaluation of the content, form and technique of traditional and modern praise poetry in Northern Sotho. Chapter 1 presents the aim of the study and the method of research and defines the concepts of poetry and praise poetry. Praise poetry is viewed from a traditional and modern perspective. Chapter 2 deals with the content and technique of praise poetry. Content consists of oral praise poetry lauding the heroic deeds of men in battles and casual encounters. Modern praise poetry comments on current events. Devices for rapid composition of the praises are discussed. Techniques differ between poets and according to time, place and occasion. Chapter 3 covers the traditional praises of chiefs, warriors, initiates, animals, birds, divining bones and totem praises, examining them from the perspective of content and form. The praises extol human achievements, peculiar animal characteristics and the interpretation of "mawa" of divining bones. Chapter 4 deals with the development and transition from traditional to modern form as well as the reciprocal influence. The content and form of modern praises of chiefs, academics, community leaders, animals, birds, divining bones, man-made objects and some natural phenomena are discussed. Many modern poets have also written praises of fictional characters. Chapter 5 compares oral and written praise poetry by concentrating on the similarities and differences between traditional and modern praise poetry. This study shows that there are differences in of theme, rhyme, beginning and ending, sentence length and significant emphasis on man-made objects such as cars and locomotives as exceptional modes of transport for commuters. Chapter 6 concludes the study and proves that praise poetry is a living or dynamic entity which will continue to exist. Praise poetry highlights persons, interpersonal relationships, attitudes and values derived from an African conceptions of the universe. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil (African Languages)

Notre thèse pose essentiellement la question d’un principe de dépassement des apparentes contradictions stylistiques dans la musique du jazzman Enrico Pieranunzi (né en 1949) en établissant les stratégies élaborées en vue de ce dépassement. Cela au travers de ses multiples pratiques : au sein même de l’idiome jazz (influences) ; dans la confrontation entre les styles (jazz et musique occidentale de tradition écrite) ; enfin dans le dualisme dépassé entre improvisation et écriture.Après avoir tracé le parcours du pianiste, les processus à l’oeuvre dans sa musique sont discutés à travers trois approches différentes : la pratique de l’improvisation dans le cadre thème solos-thème afin de définir son style personnel – révélateur d’une dialectique filiation/invention (à partir de relevés inédits) ; puis les topiques de ses compositions écrites sont circonscrites afin de mettre en avant la synthèse originale du jazz et de la musique occidentale de tradition écrite à laquelle il parvient (à partir des partitions originales de Pieranunzi) ; enfin, nous nous intéressons aux conceptions de l’improvisation libre qu’il a développées et qui mettent en question les notions de forme et de structure en jazz. Pour ce dernier cas, nous avons été amené à aborder la notion de narration musicale et à développer les outils de modèle-figure et de modèle-cadre pour nos analyses.Une ultime partie rassemble tous les aspects développés au sein d’une étude de l’album EnricoPieranunzi Plays Domenico Scarlatti, ce qui nous permet en dernier instance de souligner la forme particulière de l’éclectisme pieranunzien, à la fois respectueux de ses emprunts et puissamment cohérent dans son style. / The present thesis essentially raises the question of a possible systematic way of going beyondthe seeming stylistic contradictions in the music of jazz man Enrico Pieranunzi (b. 1949). It lays outsome strategies intended to achieve this through his various activities – within the jazz idiom(influences), in the confrontation between styles (jazz and Western written music), and eventuallygoing beyond the dualism of improvisation versus writing.Following an examination of the pianist's background, the processes at work in his music arediscussed through three different approaches. First, improvising in the theme / solos / theme formbased on unpublished-before transcriptions in order to define a personal style that reveals a filiation /invention dialectic. Then, while studying some of Pieranunzi's original scores, the topics of hiscompositions are delineated in order to highlight the personal synthesis of jazz and Western writtenmusic he achieves. Finally, his concepts of free improvisation are dealt with, questioning the notion ofform and structure in jazz. The very last part is devoted to all the aspects studied in the album EnricoPieranunzi Plays Domenico Scarlatti, which eventually stresses Pieranunzi's specific type ofeclecticism, acknowledging its influences while remaining eminently consistent in terms of style.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender os processos composicionais contidos no Op. 199, Les Guitares bien Tempérés, de Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968). Este ciclo de 24 prelúdios e fugas é a maior obra original para duo de violões e, vindo de um compositor não-violonista, contextualizam-se, aqui, pontos importantes de sua formação, de seus intérpretes e de seu período. Algumas perguntas se destacam no percurso da pesquisa: quem foi este compositor? Quais foram os fatos mais marcantes de sua formação musical? Por que esta obra é tão importante para a formação de duo de violões? Qual é o perfil bibliográfico que se encontra para a produção deste trabalho? E, principalmente, como se pode descrever o estilo desta obra? Fundamentando-se em referenciais teórico-metodológicos (STEBLIN, 1982; LARUE, 1992; OTERO, 1999; entre outros), o trabalho parte dos sentidos tradicionais do Prelúdio e da Fuga e de como o compositor se relaciona com eles. Mostra como resultados da pesquisa os parâmetros musicais, que permeiam a obra como um todo (macroestrutura) e dialogam entre as partes (média e microestrutura), entrecruzando os elementos contribuintes (som, harmonia, melodia e ritmo) e outros desdobramentos (tonalidades, texturas, intensidades, harmonias, melodias, andamentos, expressões e afetos/humores). Desse modo, a pesquisa levou à compressão de diversos processos composicionais contidos na obra. / The aim of this work is to understand the compositional techniques employed by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968) in his Op. 199, Les Guitares bien Tempérés. This cycle of 24 Preludes and Fugues for two guitars is known as the largest original work for guitar duo and, coming from a non-guitarist composer, elucidates various aspects of his background and the performance of his works. Some of the most important questions addressed include: Who is Castelnuovo-Tedesco? What were the highlights of his musical training? Why is this work so important to the guitar duo ensemble? What kind of bibliographic references are available on this work? And, most importantly, how can the style of this work be described? This work in based on theoretical-methodological references (STEBLIN, 1982; LARUE, 1992; OTERO, 1999; among others), it begins with a discussion of the composer\'s approach to the traditional definitions of Prelude and Fugue. The results of this research highlight the musical guidelines that permeate the work both as a whole (macrostructure) and in parts (middle and microstructure), crossing contributing elements (sound, harmony, melody and rhythm), and other details (keys, textures, dynamics, harmonies, tempos, expressions and affections/humor). Thus, this research has led to the understanding of multiple compositional processes contained in the work.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender os processos composicionais contidos no Op. 199, Les Guitares bien Tempérés, de Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968). Este ciclo de 24 prelúdios e fugas é a maior obra original para duo de violões e, vindo de um compositor não-violonista, contextualizam-se, aqui, pontos importantes de sua formação, de seus intérpretes e de seu período. Algumas perguntas se destacam no percurso da pesquisa: quem foi este compositor? Quais foram os fatos mais marcantes de sua formação musical? Por que esta obra é tão importante para a formação de duo de violões? Qual é o perfil bibliográfico que se encontra para a produção deste trabalho? E, principalmente, como se pode descrever o estilo desta obra? Fundamentando-se em referenciais teórico-metodológicos (STEBLIN, 1982; LARUE, 1992; OTERO, 1999; entre outros), o trabalho parte dos sentidos tradicionais do Prelúdio e da Fuga e de como o compositor se relaciona com eles. Mostra como resultados da pesquisa os parâmetros musicais, que permeiam a obra como um todo (macroestrutura) e dialogam entre as partes (média e microestrutura), entrecruzando os elementos contribuintes (som, harmonia, melodia e ritmo) e outros desdobramentos (tonalidades, texturas, intensidades, harmonias, melodias, andamentos, expressões e afetos/humores). Desse modo, a pesquisa levou à compressão de diversos processos composicionais contidos na obra. / The aim of this work is to understand the compositional techniques employed by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968) in his Op. 199, Les Guitares bien Tempérés. This cycle of 24 Preludes and Fugues for two guitars is known as the largest original work for guitar duo and, coming from a non-guitarist composer, elucidates various aspects of his background and the performance of his works. Some of the most important questions addressed include: Who is Castelnuovo-Tedesco? What were the highlights of his musical training? Why is this work so important to the guitar duo ensemble? What kind of bibliographic references are available on this work? And, most importantly, how can the style of this work be described? This work in based on theoretical-methodological references (STEBLIN, 1982; LARUE, 1992; OTERO, 1999; among others), it begins with a discussion of the composer\'s approach to the traditional definitions of Prelude and Fugue. The results of this research highlight the musical guidelines that permeate the work both as a whole (macrostructure) and in parts (middle and microstructure), crossing contributing elements (sound, harmony, melody and rhythm), and other details (keys, textures, dynamics, harmonies, tempos, expressions and affections/humor). Thus, this research has led to the understanding of multiple compositional processes contained in the work.

This thesis is a critical evaluation of the content, form and technique of traditional and modern praise poetry in Northern Sotho. Chapter 1 presents the aim of the study and the method of research and defines the concepts of poetry and praise poetry. Praise poetry is viewed from a traditional and modern perspective. Chapter 2 deals with the content and technique of praise poetry. Content consists of oral praise poetry lauding the heroic deeds of men in battles and casual encounters. Modern praise poetry comments on current events. Devices for rapid composition of the praises are discussed. Techniques differ between poets and according to time, place and occasion. Chapter 3 covers the traditional praises of chiefs, warriors, initiates, animals, birds, divining bones and totem praises, examining them from the perspective of content and form. The praises extol human achievements, peculiar animal characteristics and the interpretation of "mawa" of divining bones. Chapter 4 deals with the development and transition from traditional to modern form as well as the reciprocal influence. The content and form of modern praises of chiefs, academics, community leaders, animals, birds, divining bones, man-made objects and some natural phenomena are discussed. Many modern poets have also written praises of fictional characters. Chapter 5 compares oral and written praise poetry by concentrating on the similarities and differences between traditional and modern praise poetry. This study shows that there are differences in of theme, rhyme, beginning and ending, sentence length and significant emphasis on man-made objects such as cars and locomotives as exceptional modes of transport for commuters. Chapter 6 concludes the study and proves that praise poetry is a living or dynamic entity which will continue to exist. Praise poetry highlights persons, interpersonal relationships, attitudes and values derived from an African conceptions of the universe. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil (African Languages)

This study focused on the functions of Igoru music in Okpe land. It also examined the compositional techniques of the music typology. The primary source for data collection was oral interview. Secondary sources include publications, and records. Unstructured research questions formed basis for the study. The texts of eighty seven (87) songs were transcribed and translated for this study. Fifty songs from this sample were further transcribed in staff notation, for analysis and discussion. At the end of the study, the following findings were made: <ul> <li>Igoru musicians, in their foresight, investigate, evaluate, probe, counsel, warn, and foretell future events in Okpe, to avoid painful experiences, since in traditional Okpe society, life experiences are shared.</li> <li>Most of the themes in Igoru music are derived from the sense of realism than idealism. The songs being quite topical had to be realistic than idealistic in tendency. Various sound and speech elements are put together to make communication effective. </li> <li>Igoru music praises and commends deserving members, in order to encourage those who are doing well in the society to continue in their good deeds, as well as stimulate others to emulate them.</li> <li>The musicians defend their political system, their territorial land mass, traditional religion and themselves from various attacks.</li> <li>Igoru music represents the Okpe identity, thus it was selected amongst other music typologies of the culture to represent it, both in social and political-oriented activities in Lagos and elsewhere.</li> <li>Igoru music uses the hexatonic scale system. Almost all the songs were found to be composed in compound quadruple metre. The performers involve in two-part polyphonic singing. Consecutive parallel 3rds, 4ths, and 5ths are prevalent and melodic cadences resolve upwards than downwards. Shifts of tonal centre (key), according to the convenience of performers, as well as recycling of themes are also common features. </li></ul> / Thesis (Doctor of Music (DMus))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Music / unrestricted

The purpose of this study is to analyze the compositional techniques in Choses en soi op.45, by Sergey Prokofiev, and to explore the new aesthetic concepts he claimed to include in this composition. Through the examination of the compositional elements and discussion of its salient characteristics.

Young Ja Lee (b. 1931) is regarded as one of the most important living female composers in Korea. She leads and contributes to the Korean classical music society as a gifted composer and a dedicated educator. This study focuses on how she has combined Western compositional techniques with elements of Eastern traditional music in some of her compositions, in particular, her Variations pour piano "Umma ya, Nuna ya." An interpretation of her Variations pour piano "Umma ya, Nuna ya" reveals that the composition features many of the particular and sublime aspects of Western compositional techniques in conjunction with traditional Korean music style. This study is an investigation of the interaction and assimilation of these disparate elements. The results of this study may inspire further research into traditional Korean music and bring recognition to important Korean composers, as well as encourage music educators to teach Korean composers' compositions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:06:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLA.pdf: 10276 bytes, checksum: 93734ab8b9630d946c4c9872657fecd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation, using interdisciplinary elements, talks about the relationship between text and music in the songs of the composer Frederico Richter, a native of Rio Grande do Sul, Who is still active and whose expressive work can be divided into five phases into which the composer has used several compositional techniques of the twentieth century. The song genre is present in three of these five phases and for this work two compositions were analyzed due to be considered most representative of each phase. The analytical process took place on both musical and textual perspective, bearing in mind that these are the formative elements of the songs. This work also presents biographical aspects and the trajectory of the composer, also a brief history of the song genre where it is possible to view how it changed through history, emphasizing the Brazilian songs. It also aims to contribute to the literature on the subject / Esta dissertação, utilizando-se de elementos interdisciplinares, discorre sobre a relação entre texto e música nas canções do compositor Frederico Richter, natural do Rio Grande do Sul, ainda atuante e cuja expressiva obra pode ser dividida em cinco fases nas quais o compositor utilizou-se de diversas técnicas composicionais do século XX. O gênero canção está presente em três destas cinco fases e para este trabalho foram analisadas duas obras consideradas representativas dentro de cada fase. O processo analítico deu-se tanto sobre a perspectiva musical quanto textual, tendo em vista que estes são os elementos formadores da unidade que seria a canção. Este trabalho apresenta ainda aspectos biográficos e acerca da trajetória do compositor e um breve histórico do gênero musical canção onde é foi possível visualizar sua modificação através da história, enfatizando a canção brasileira e contribuindo assim para a bibliografia sobre o assunto