by Cheung Wai-yin Ronald, Chong Wing-kong. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaf 95. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / CHAPTER / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter I. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.5 / Chapter II. --- COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND SERVICES ENVIRONMENT --- p.7 / Hong Kong --- p.11 / Infrastructure --- p.11 / IT Manpower --- p.12 / Technical Capacity --- p.16 / Research and Development --- p.18 / Market Information --- p.19 / Supporting Hardware Industry --- p.22 / Role of Government --- p.25 / People's Republic of China --- p.28 / Infrastructure --- p.28 / IT Manpower --- p.30 / Technical Capacity --- p.32 / Research and Development --- p.34 / Market Information --- p.34 / Supporting Hardware Industry --- p.39 / Role of Government --- p.39 / Singapore --- p.44 / Infrastructure --- p.44 / IT Manpower --- p.45 / Technical Capacity --- p.48 / Research and Development --- p.50 / Market Information --- p.50 / Supporting Hardware Industry --- p.54 / Role of Government --- p.56 / Taiwan --- p.59 / Infrastructure --- p.59 / IT Manpower --- p.60 / Technical Capacity --- p.63 / Research and Development --- p.64 / Market Information --- p.65 / Supporting Hardware Industry --- p.68 / Role of Government --- p.71 / Chapter III. --- COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES AND WEAKNESSES --- p.74 / Comparison of Infrastructure --- p.74 / Comparison of IT Manpower --- p.75 / Comparison of Technical Capacity --- p.85 / Comparison of Market Information --- p.85 / Comparison of Supporting Hardware Industry --- p.86 / Comparison of Role of Government --- p.86 / Chapter IV. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.90 / Collaborative Model --- p.90 / Role of the Four Chinese Communities --- p.92 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.95

Wong Lai Fong Yvonne. / Thesis submitted in: July 2005. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.v / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Common explanations of economic success --- p.2 / Chapter i) --- Explanation from Neoclassical Economic Perspectives --- p.3 / Chapter ii) --- Explanation from the Statist Perspective --- p.5 / Chapter iii) --- Limitations of Neoclassical and Statist Perspectives --- p.7 / Chapter iv) --- Importance of the interorganizational relationships perspective --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Research --- p.11 / Chapter i) --- The choice of studying the software industry --- p.11 / Chapter ii) --- Research questions and significance --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Layout --- p.13 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW: THE STUDY OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE TO THE IT INDUSTRY / Chapter 2.1 --- Importance of Social Networks --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- Theories in the Network Approach I - Social Embeddedness: The Fundamental Building Block of the Network Approach --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Theories in the Network Approach II - The Social Network Approach --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Theories in Network Approach III - Factors affecting the formation of networks --- p.22 / Chapter i) --- Prior ties or pre-existing network --- p.22 / Chapter ii) --- Expectations from social networks --- p.23 / Chapter iii) --- Incentive schemes by government - industry promotion schemes nurturing public-private or private-private partnership --- p.26 / Chapter iv) --- IT clusters --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5 --- Theories in Network Approach IV ´ؤ Interorganizational Alliances and Social Capital --- p.31 / Chapter i) --- Interorganizational alliances and organizational outcomes --- p.31 / Chapter ii) --- Enhanced performance through social capital --- p.33 / Chapter 2.6 --- Mechanisms: From Interorganizational Relationships to Performance --- p.34 / Chapter i) --- Client acquisition --- p.35 / Chapter ii) --- Capital Accumulation --- p.36 / Chapter iii) --- Product Innovation --- p.37 / Chapter iv) --- Interorganizational Learning --- p.39 / Chapter 2.7 --- Implications from the Literature Review --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.44 / Chapter i) --- Research Questions --- p.44 / Chapter ii) --- Propositions --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3 --- Definition of Concepts in the Proposals --- p.46 / Chapter i) --- Performance --- p.46 / Chapter ii) --- Interorganizational relationships --- p.47 / Chapter iii) --- The mechanisms affecting performance by IOR --- p.48 / Chapter iv) --- Factors affecting IOR --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4 --- Methodology --- p.52 / Chapter 3.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.58 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- INDUSTRY OVERVIEW AND THE NATURE OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- Mode of Production of the Software Industry in Hong Kong --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3 --- Performance of the Software Industry in Hong Kong --- p.61 / Chapter i) --- Definition of the Software Industry --- p.61 / Chapter ii) --- About the Industry --- p.62 / Chapter iii) --- Performance Indicators --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4 --- Performance of the Software Firms in Hong Kong --- p.70 / Chapter 4.5 --- Nature of Interorganizational Relationships in the Software Industry --- p.71 / Chapter 4.6 --- Summary Remarks of the Chapter --- p.81 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- INTERORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND PERFORMANCE --- p.1 / Chapter 5.1 --- Performance and Network Position of Firms --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2 --- Case Studies --- p.88 / Chapter i) --- A peripheral firm with negative performance: Company L --- p.88 / Chapter ii) --- Node firm with negative performance: Company C --- p.94 / Chapter iii) --- Node firm with a positive performance: Company A --- p.98 / Chapter iv) --- Node firm with a positive performance: Company M --- p.104 / Chapter 5.3 --- The Mechanism ´ؤ Resource-based perspective --- p.110 / Chapter i) --- Client acquisition --- p.110 / Chapter ii) --- Capital Accumulation --- p.112 / Chapter iii) --- Product Innovation --- p.117 / Chapter iv) --- Interorganizational Learning --- p.118 / Chapter 5.4 --- Concluding Remarks of this Chapter --- p.121 / Chapter CHAPTER 6: --- FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO NETWORK DEFICIT / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.122 / Chapter 6.2 --- Pre-existing Ties --- p.123 / Chapter 6.3 --- Government --- p.128 / Chapter 6.4 --- Intensity of Competition --- p.134 / Chapter 6.5 --- Cluster Effect --- p.137 / Chapter 6.6 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.138 / Chapter CHAPTER 7: --- CONCLUSION / Chapter 7.1 --- The Hong Kong Story: IOR and Performance --- p.140 / Chapter 7.2 --- Research Limitations --- p.144 / Chapter i) --- Difficulty in Explaining a Negative Story --- p.144 / Chapter ii) --- Effect of the Economy --- p.145 / Chapter iii) --- Response Rate --- p.146 / Chapter iv) --- Time Factor --- p.147 / Chapter 7.3 --- Discussion and Further Research --- p.149 / APPENDIX I: LIST OF IT ASSOCIATIONS IN HONG KONG --- p.AI-1 / APPENDIX II: INTERVIEW OUTLINE --- p.AII-1 / REFERENCES --- p.R-1

Abstract not available

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [131]-139).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisors: Glynn Harmon and John Butler. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Management. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2008. / A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Business, School of Management, in partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Maria Beatriz Machado Bonacelli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T15:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carneiro_AnaMaria_D.pdf: 1760189 bytes, checksum: 48964d51864d1880e7f47503e3cbf760 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A tese trata da apropriação dos resultados das inovações geradas na indústria de software e da proteção dos ativos tecnológicos por parte de suas empresas, no contexto do aumento da importância do conhecimento na geração de riqueza, à medida que a economia tem se desmaterializado, e do aumento da importância da propriedade intelectual na apropriação dos retornos do esforço inovativo. O software representa um dos ícones da Economia do Conhecimento, tanto devido à sua participação direta na composição da riqueza nas nações como por sua pervasividade e transversalidade que dinamiza as outras indústrias Para isso, analisa-se a co-evolução da indústria de software e do processo de regulação da proteção da propriedade intelectual em torno de três regimes tecnológicos relevantes na indústria de software, cada qual formado por um peso diferente entre hardware, software e serviços: grandes computadores (mainframes), computador pessoal e serviços na web. Para uma indústria tão heterogênea, certamente não é possível apenas uma solução única em termos de instrumentos para proteção dos direitos de propriedade intelectual, sejam formais ou informais. Dada a evolução histórica da indústria de software, analisam-se como as empresas procuraram proteger seus heterogêneos ativos intangíveis, sendo que para cada modelo de negócio há uma necessidade diferente de proteção, considerando ainda que os mecanismos de proteção variam também de acordo com o país. Na década de 90, assistiu-se a dois movimentos aparentemente contraditórios. Por um lado, ao fortalecimento dos direitos de propriedade intelectual, como o grande crescimento de patentes de software, um tipo de instrumento que até então não era muito usual entre as empresas de software. Por outro lado, no mesmo período, o software livre e de código aberto (SL/CA), que é tanto fruto quanto impulsionador da migração da indústria de software para os modelos de negócio baseados em serviços, ganhou corpo e introduziu formas alternativas de desenvolvimento de software e de disponibilização e proteção dos conhecimentos gerados, baseadas em licenças. Desta forma são analisadas as formas de apropriação utilizadas pelas empresas contextualizadas nos respectivos modelos de negócio que vêm sendo estabelecidos da indústria / Abstract: The thesis concerns the appropriation of the results of innovations generated in software industry and the protection of the technological assets by the firms, in the context of the raising importance of knowledge to value generation with the economy dematerialization and also the raising importance of intellectual property in the appropriation of the innovation efforts returns. Software represents one of the icons of Knowledge Economy, by its direct contribution in nation¿s value generation, but also by its pervasiveness and its transversely character that helps other industries dynamics. It analyze the coevolution of software industry and of the process of regulation of intellectual property protection focusing three relevant technological regimes of this industry, each one with a different balance between hardware, software and services: big computers (mainframes), personal computers and web services. For such a heterogeneous industry, it is certainly not possible just one solution concerning tools for the protection of intellectual property rights, being them formal or informal. Given the historical evolution of software industry, it analysis how firms tried to protect their intangible assets, considering that each business model has its own needs in terms of protection and that the protection mechanisms are diverse in different countries. At the 90th decade, two apparently contradictory movements appeared. By one side, the strengthening of intellectual property rights, with the raising of software patents, not so usual since then at software firms. In the other hand, at the same period, the free and open code software, that is a result and a stimulus of software industry migration to service based business models, reinforced itself and introduced alternatives ways of software development and of making available and protected the generated knowledge, based on licenses. In this way, the appropriation forms used by firms contextualized in respective business models that have been established in industry are analyzed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Insufficient literature exists in the area of incremental and revolutionary change to explain and predict the convergence and reorientation phenomena happening in organizations. The process of strategic reorientation involves the internal organizational complexities of fast-paced (within two years) changes in competitive strategy as a necessary condition coupled with changes in at least two of organization structure, power distribution, and control systems. Antecedent forces believed to influence the discontinuous change process include industry sales turbulence, structural inertia/firm size, firm past financial performance, CEO turnover, top management team turnover, management team heterogeneity, management environmental awareness, and external attributions for negative financial performance. Punctuated equilibrium was the foundational theory for this study in which a strategic reorientation model published in Strategic Management Journal was reconstructed. The research question was: What seem to be the significant time-based antecedent forces or conditions that lead to strategic reorientation? The study used two hierarchical logit regression models to analyze data gathered from COMPUSTAT PC Industrial Data Base and Compact Disclosure (CD-ROM) over the years 1987-1993 from the turbulent computer software and stable furniture industries. Qualitative data were found in 10-K reports and President's Letters in Annual Reports filed with the SEC and available on Laserdisclosure. The sample, exclusive of 3 multivariate outliers, included 74 software firms and 43 furniture firms for a pooled total of 117 firms. When separate industries were analyzed using the first of the Systat logit hierarchical regressions, results showed no statistically significant effects. By contrast, when data were pooled, the second hierarchical logit regression model, which included industry turbulence and firm size, showed these one-tailed statistically significant results: strategic reorientation is positively affected by prior industry turbulence and CEO turnover, but is negatively affected by prior top management team turnover and the interaction between industry turbulence and external attributions for negative financial performance.

Businesses today face intense international competition, a heightened pace of development and shortened product life cycles. As a result, many researchers recommend firms collaborate and partner with other firms to succeed. With over a decade of research examining alliances and inter-firm collaboration, we know a great deal about the benefits and outcomes firms realize through collaboration. An important gap exists, however, in our understanding of the effect of partnering firms on collaborative outputs. This study attempts to address this gap by examining the success of collaborative new product development outputs. The study was a quasi-experimental study using archival, time-series data. Hypotheses were tested at the project level, defined as the product output from the collaborative development effort. Predictors were developed at both the firm and dyadic levels. Several findings emerged from this research. The primary finding is that roles of alliance partners impact which capability and capital benefits accrue. Firms functioning as a publisher benefit from increases in relevant experience. Firms functioning as a developer benefit from working in areas in which they have experience, but largely to the extent that the developer also generalizes their capabilities. One implication emerging from the capability findings suggests a need for configurational capability research. From a social capital conception, developers with high network centrality have a negative impact on the perceived quality of the final software product. Developers also benefit from embeddedness, products developed by developers in constrained networks outperformed products developed by developers in brokered networks.