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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-127).

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The effects of feeding strategy on subcutaneous, perirenal adipose tissue and ribeye (longissimus dorsi) muscle fatty acid profiles were evaluated from 60 bison (Bison bison) bulls from Western Canada. Treatments included Forage Fed (n=19); short term concentrate feeding, <90 Day (n=9); mixed forage and concentrate feeding, 50:50 Forage:Grain (n=20); and Feedlot Finishing (n=12), and were analyzed for interactions and main effects between treatment and tissue type. Saturated fatty acids were found in larger (P<0.05) proportions within perirenal tissue for all treatments. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were concentrated (P<0.05) in the intramuscular tissue. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was greater (P<0.05) in Forage Fed and 50:50 Forage:Grain than in <90 Day or Feedlot Finishing treatments. The polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio was greatest (P<0.05) for Forage Fed followed by 50:50 Forage:Grain, with <90 Day and Feedlot Finishing treatments having the lowest ratio. Linoleic acid content within intramuscular tissue was greatest (P<0.05) in the 50:50 Forage:Grain followed by the <90 Day treatment, with the Forage Fed group being intermediate, and the Feedlot Finishing being the lowest (P<0.05). Subcutaneous tissue contained more (P<0.05) conjugated linoleic c-9, t-11 acid than did intramuscular tissue. The conjugated linoleic c-9, t-11 acid content of intramuscular tissue was greater (P<0.05) in the Forage Fed and <90 Day treatments than in the 50:50 Forage:Grain and Feedlot Finishing treatments. Alpha-linolenic acid content was greatest (P<0.05) in intramuscular tissue of Forage Fed bison than the other treatments. Total omega-3 fatty acid concentration was greater (P<0.05), in the intramuscular tissue of Forage Fed bison, followed by <90 Day and 50:50 Forage:Grain being similar (P>0.05) with Feedlot Finishing having the lowest (P<0.05) content. Eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acid were all found in the greatest (P<0.05) proportion in the Forage Fed, and least (P<0.05) in the Feedlot Finishing treatment. </p> <p>The total omega-6 and arachidonic fatty acid content of intramuscular tissue was greater (P<0.05) in the Forage Fed and 50:50 Forage:Grain than in the <90 Day or Feedlot Finishing treatments. The omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio was greatest (P<0.05) for the 50:50 Forage:Grain followed by <90 Day with Feedlot Finishing being intermediate, and Forage Fed bison having the lowest (P<0.05) ratio. </p><p>Feedlot bison were compared to beef (<i>Bos taurus</i>) steers (n=4) and sheep wethers (<i>Ovis aries</i>) (n=3). Sheep had lower (P<0.05) saturated fatty acid content than did bison or beef in intramuscular tissue. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content of intramuscular tissue was greater (P<0.05) in bison than in beef or sheep. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids was greater (P<0.05) for bison than for beef or sheep. The omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio was lower (P<0.05) for the bison than the beef, while sheep were intermediate (P<0.05).</p><p>Forage Fed bison compared to forage fed sheep wethers (n=3) showed that the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids was greater (P<0.05) in bison than sheep. The ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids was similar (P>0.05) for both species.</p><p>Forage Fed bison yielded the greatest proportion of beneficial fatty acids amongst the bison treatments. Comparison of species under feedlot and forage finishing systems indicated bison to have a more desirable fatty acid profile than did beef or sheep finished under their respective systems.

The effects of feeding strategy on subcutaneous, perirenal adipose tissue and ribeye (longissimus dorsi) muscle fatty acid profiles were evaluated from 60 bison (Bison bison) bulls from Western Canada. Treatments included Forage Fed (n=19); short term concentrate feeding, <90 Day (n=9); mixed forage and concentrate feeding, 50:50 Forage:Grain (n=20); and Feedlot Finishing (n=12), and were analyzed for interactions and main effects between treatment and tissue type. Saturated fatty acids were found in larger (P<0.05) proportions within perirenal tissue for all treatments. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were concentrated (P<0.05) in the intramuscular tissue. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was greater (P<0.05) in Forage Fed and 50:50 Forage:Grain than in <90 Day or Feedlot Finishing treatments. The polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio was greatest (P<0.05) for Forage Fed followed by 50:50 Forage:Grain, with <90 Day and Feedlot Finishing treatments having the lowest ratio. Linoleic acid content within intramuscular tissue was greatest (P<0.05) in the 50:50 Forage:Grain followed by the <90 Day treatment, with the Forage Fed group being intermediate, and the Feedlot Finishing being the lowest (P<0.05). Subcutaneous tissue contained more (P<0.05) conjugated linoleic c-9, t-11 acid than did intramuscular tissue. The conjugated linoleic c-9, t-11 acid content of intramuscular tissue was greater (P<0.05) in the Forage Fed and <90 Day treatments than in the 50:50 Forage:Grain and Feedlot Finishing treatments. Alpha-linolenic acid content was greatest (P<0.05) in intramuscular tissue of Forage Fed bison than the other treatments. Total omega-3 fatty acid concentration was greater (P<0.05), in the intramuscular tissue of Forage Fed bison, followed by <90 Day and 50:50 Forage:Grain being similar (P>0.05) with Feedlot Finishing having the lowest (P<0.05) content. Eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acid were all found in the greatest (P<0.05) proportion in the Forage Fed, and least (P<0.05) in the Feedlot Finishing treatment. </p> <p>The total omega-6 and arachidonic fatty acid content of intramuscular tissue was greater (P<0.05) in the Forage Fed and 50:50 Forage:Grain than in the <90 Day or Feedlot Finishing treatments. The omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio was greatest (P<0.05) for the 50:50 Forage:Grain followed by <90 Day with Feedlot Finishing being intermediate, and Forage Fed bison having the lowest (P<0.05) ratio. </p><p>Feedlot bison were compared to beef (<i>Bos taurus</i>) steers (n=4) and sheep wethers (<i>Ovis aries</i>) (n=3). Sheep had lower (P<0.05) saturated fatty acid content than did bison or beef in intramuscular tissue. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content of intramuscular tissue was greater (P<0.05) in bison than in beef or sheep. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids was greater (P<0.05) for bison than for beef or sheep. The omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio was lower (P<0.05) for the bison than the beef, while sheep were intermediate (P<0.05).</p><p>Forage Fed bison compared to forage fed sheep wethers (n=3) showed that the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids was greater (P<0.05) in bison than sheep. The ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids was similar (P>0.05) for both species.</p><p>Forage Fed bison yielded the greatest proportion of beneficial fatty acids amongst the bison treatments. Comparison of species under feedlot and forage finishing systems indicated bison to have a more desirable fatty acid profile than did beef or sheep finished under their respective systems.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a popular treatment for equine tendon and ligament injuries; however, commercial PRP systems are expensive. Development of a safe, inexpensive alternative would make PRP therapy more widely available to horse owners. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality and bacteriologic safety of PRP produced by three simple, inexpensive tube centrifugation methods and compare the results to a commercial system. Citrated blood collected from 26 normal horses was processed by four methods: blood collection tubes centrifuged at 1200 and 2000 x g, a 50ml conical tube, and a commercial system. Platelet and cell counts and mean platelet volume (MPV) in whole blood and PRP were determined using an automated hematology analyzer. Results were analyzed using mixed model ANOVA with post-hoc comparisons (MPV and fold change for RBC, WBC, and platelets) and binary logistic generalized estimating equations with horse as a blocking factor (absolute numbers of WBC, and platelets). Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were performed. Significance was set at p<0.05. Mean platelet concentrations ranged from 1.55 to 2.58 fold. The conical tube method produced the highest number of PRP samples with platelet concentrations of greater than 2.5-fold and within the clinically acceptable range of >250,000 platelets/?l. WBC counts were lowest using the commercial system and unacceptably high using the red top methods. The incidence of bacterial contamination was low (2.1%). Based on these results, the conical tube method may be a suitable alternative to commercial PRP systems in cases with budgetary constraints. / Master of Science

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Johannesburg, 2012 / This experiment was designed to evaluate whether an allogeneic fibrin-fibronectin protein concentrate (AFFP) can not only prevent ankylosis and root resorption of autotransplanted roots during healing but contribute to regenerate a periodontal attachment as well. In two adult male baboons (Papio ursinus), four horizontal alveoli, 2 to 3 mm deep, were prepared bilaterally in the buccal alveolar and basal bone adjacent to the first and second mandibular molars to receive the roots of the adjacent two molars. Following hemisection, the first and second mandibular molars were extracted, the coronal two-thirds of the roots were planed to remove the remnants of the periodontal ligament and cementum and a notch was placed at the junction between the planed and non-planed surfaces. The planed surfaces were demineralised with citric acid at pH 1 for 3 min. Before transplantation, the crowns were resected and the experimental roots and alveoli were coated with the AFFP prepared from pooled fresh-frozen baboon plasma. The animals were killed 55 days after the transplantations. Histometrical evaluation was performed on serial sections cut in a bucco-lingual direction parallel to the long axis of the transplanted roots. An analysis of variance, in relation to the extent of ankylosis and root resorption, revealed minimal differences between the treatments of experimental and control roots both in the planed and non-planed sections. In this primate autotransplantation model, the treatment with AFFP did not prevent ankylosis and root resorption and did not result in the establishment of a new periodontal attachment.

The disintegration of agglomerates of solid charge used in a nickel flash furnace has been investigated. The in-flight agglomerate size of solid charge with different characteristics has been measured using turbulent conditions similar to a full-scale flash furnace. Plant observations indicated that under certain conditions solid charge was able to pass through the furnace shaft unreacted. The motivation for this work was to improve the understanding and the modelling of a flash furnace. A review of the literature revealed that the disintegration of agglomerates of solid charge is very important to the performance of a flash furnace, however, there has been no detailed study of the factors governing the disintegration of in-flight agglomerates of solid charge.A laboratory-scale experimental rig was constructed to non-intrusively measure the in-flight agglomerate size distribution of solid charge and to visualise the powder injection process, while using turbulent conditions similar to a flash furnace. A high-speed video technique and a laser diffraction technique were used to measure the wide range of in-flight agglomerate sizes present during powder injection. A range of variables including the particle size, turbulence level, packing density, particle shape, solid concentration, and moisture content were investigated.

The disintegration of agglomerates of solid charge used in a nickel flash furnace has been investigated. The in-flight agglomerate size of solid charge with different characteristics has been measured using turbulent conditions similar to a full-scale flash furnace. Plant observations indicated that under certain conditions solid charge was able to pass through the furnace shaft unreacted. The motivation for this work was to improve the understanding and the modelling of a flash furnace. A review of the literature revealed that the disintegration of agglomerates of solid charge is very important to the performance of a flash furnace, however, there has been no detailed study of the factors governing the disintegration of in-flight agglomerates of solid charge.A laboratory-scale experimental rig was constructed to non-intrusively measure the in-flight agglomerate size distribution of solid charge and to visualise the powder injection process, while using turbulent conditions similar to a flash furnace. A high-speed video technique and a laser diffraction technique were used to measure the wide range of in-flight agglomerate sizes present during powder injection. A range of variables including the particle size, turbulence level, packing density, particle shape, solid concentration, and moisture content were investigated.

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is common amongst equine athletes of various disciplines and linked to decreased performance. Prevalence among racehorses has been reported to be over 90%, performance horses at 60%, and endurances horses at about 70%. In swine, concentrate form and smaller particle size increase gastric ulceration; thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of concentrate type on EGUS. Quarter Horse yearlings (n=19; 12-18 mo) were blocked by initial EGUS score on a scale of 0 to 4 (0= no ulceration or hyperkeratosis, 4= extensive, deep ulceration) and sex, and utilized in a 77-d cross-over design with two 28-d periods separated by a 21-d washout period. During the first 28-d period, horses were separated into 1 of 2 treatment groups that were all fed Bermuda grass hay and either a commercially available pelleted or textured concentrate. After the initial 28-d period, horses were all fed pelleted feed and Bermuda grass hay for a 21-d washout period then treatment groups were switched for the final 28-d period. Baseline EGUS scores were not different between horses assigned to either treatment (mean 1.1); however, upon treatment, horses fed textured feed acquired a reduced incidence of ulceration as compared to those fed pelleted (mean score of 1.6 vs 1.1, respectively; P =0.02). Degree and incidence of ulceration was influenced by concentrate form; yearlings fed pelleted feed had higher ulcer scores then those fed textured feed. Therefore, the findings of this study suggests that textured feed may be a effective management tool to aid in the reduction of severity in horses afflicted with EGUS.